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RELEASING DEPENDENCE SUBSIDY FOR FUEL OIL THROUGH CONVERSION PROGRAM OF GAS FUEL ON A VEHICLE TOWARD THE NATIONAL ENERGY SECURITY Susanti, Vita; Hartanto, Agus; Subekti, Ridwan Arief
Journal of S&T Policy and R&D Management Vol 11, No 1 (2013): Journal of S&T Policy and R&D Management
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Perkembangan Iptek, LIPI

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Based on BPS data in 2010, the number of motor vehicles in Indonesia as many as 76.9 million units, the number of vehicles on the island of Java alone approximately 44.4 million units. More than 57% of the number of motor vehicles in Indonesia on the island of Java. This is the background to the potential conversion of fuel oil to CNG fuel for vehicles on the island of Java. In addition, the end of 2014 the gas pipeline Trans Java linking West Java to Central Java and Central Java to East Java will operate. These two components, namely the large number of vehicles and the operation of the gas pipeline Trans Java offer more value than if the conversion program implemented in other islands. Studies have been done on the conversion of fuel oil to CNG fuel vehicles, especially in the area around the gas pipeline Trans Java. This paper will map potential locations for the implementation of the conversion program, conversion targets in each region, the need of CNG, Gas Stations number, size reduction of subsidies, and profits for NGV users. Formulation of strategies are required in migrating to CNG, the mapping problem in doing the conversion, and prepare for technology transfer. Vehicles that will be converted are gasoline-fueled vehicles, consists of public transportation, private and services. For public transport and services. Conversion is done 100%. Non public transportation (vehicles) converted only by 10%. The conversion vehicles will be done for 3 years gradually. Target conversion for 3 years at 1.1 million units NGV. The amount of the required gas allocation as many as 10.7 million klsp, which is needed as many as 2,857 SPBG. Saving from subsidy about 35.44 trillion rupiahs. To make the program successful requires the government policy and good coordination between relevant agencies in particular to overcome obstacles, problems, and to prepare for the transfer of technology.

RESEARCH MANAGEMENT POLICY IN DEFENSE AND SECURITY Susanti, Vita; Hartanto, Agus; Subekti, Ridwan Arief
Journal of S&T Policy and R&D Management Vol 12, No 2 (2014): Journal of S&T Policy and R&D Management
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Perkembangan Iptek, LIPI

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As a sovereign nation, Indonesia has a strategy to defend itself against threats from outside and within the country. That requires a strong defense, both in terms of the number of military personnel and the number of defense equipment. So far, we have mostly the weaponry purchased and hung from abroad. This paper discusses the results of the study several policies and government regulations in defense and securi-ty in Indonesia. The methodology used is the start of data collection both primary data and secondary data, and from these data calculated the ideal number of military personnel and defense equipment. From the analysis of the data can be identified that one of the obstacles faced by Indonesian defense is the ratio of the number of military personnel to the personnel composition of the population as well as Army, Navy, and Air Force are still not ideal as well as the number of defense equipment owned is but below standard. In addition, the documents are not MP3EI clear roadmap on the development, engineering, and purchases of defense equipment and targets each year. Another problem is the absence of good coordination on defense research consortium activities. For that recommended the need for cooperation between military R & D, universities, and other research institutions under one umbrella defense research resulting in better research synergy.

Design and Analysis of the Prototype of Pico Hydro Scale Submersible Type Turbine-Generator for Flat Flow River Application Subekti, Ridwan Arief; Susatyo, Anjar; Irasari, Pudji
Teknologi Indonesia Vol 35, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : LIPI Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jti.v35i3.188

This paper discusses the design and analysis of prototype of submersible type turbine-generator for fl at fl ow river application. 500 W pico hydro turbine with the net head of 1 m was used. The type of turbine used was ofPropeller type with the blade profi le shape of airfoil NACA 6412 and the runner blade number of 6 pieces. Turbine and generator was aligned on one shaft (direct coupled) so that the construction was simple. The generator usedwas of permanent magnet generator type of 500 W, 500 rpm, 1 phase, 50Hz, 220 V. The turbine-generator unit was then tested in one of Kebun Raya Cibodas channels. The test was conducted at varied heads and constant loadscomprised of 5 x 100 W lights. The test results presented in the form of head vs. speed and head vs. power graphs show that the system could only have effi ciency of 19.98%.

TECHNO-ECONOMIC COMPARATIVE STUDY OF VERY LOW HEAD HYDRO POWER: CASE STUDY IN BINTAR VILLAGE, NUNUKAN, EAST KALIMANTAN Subekti, Ridwan Arief; Irasari, Pudji
Teknologi Indonesia Vol 37, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : LIPI Press

This paper discusses techno-economic comparative study of very low head hydro power (VLHHP) between the penstock and non-penstock systems. The selected location is river current in the Bintar Village, Nunukan, EastKalimantan. The technical analysis is performed to determine the generated potential power, the type of components used and the investment cost per kW needed. The economic analysis is then conducted by implementing IRR and NPV methods to find out whether the project is economically feasible to be executed. The technical analysis results exhibit that the generated power using penstock system is higher than that of using non-penstock system; that is, 5.70 kW. The power of non-penstock system of 3.336 kW could be attained by applying modular system comprised by 4 units of propeller turbines installed in parallel. The economic analysis shows that the penstock system requires higher investment cost that is Rp58,480,272 and both systems are not feasible to be realized since they have negative NPVs. It is, therefore, recommended to fund the project through grant.

ANALISIS KEHILANGAN TINGGI TEKAN PIPA TRANSMISI PDAM KOTA BANDUNG UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI ENERGI LISTRIK ; HEAD LOSS ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSMISSION PIPELINE OWNED BY BANDUNG WATER SUPPLY COMPANY FOR ELECTRICITY PROSPECTS Subekti, Ridwan Arief; Susatyo, Anjar
Ketenagalistrikan dan Energi Terbarukan Vol 16, No 1 (2017): KETENAGALISTRIKAN DAN ENERGI TERBARUKAN
Publisher : P3TKEBTKE

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Makalah ini membahas tentang analisis kehilangan tinggi tekan hidraulik pada pipa transmisi PDAM Kota Bandung dan kajian tekno ekonominya sebagai dasar untuk mengembangkan potensi energi listrik yang ada. Perhitungan kehilangan tinggi tekan dilakukan untuk mengetahui besarnya head efektif yang tersedia yang akan digunakan dalam perancangan pembangkit listrik. Perhitungan biaya investasi menggunakan metode yang dikembangkan oleh Singal sedangkan analisis kelayakan proyek pengembangan pembangkit listrik ini menggunakan metode NPV dan IRR. Jalur pipa transmisi PDAM Kota Bandung memiliki panjang lebih dari 31 km, dimulai dari daerah Cikalong, Bandung Selatan dan bermuara di area instalasi pengolahan air minum di Jalan Badak Singa, Kota Bandung. Hasil analisis kehilangan tinggi tekan pada pipa tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terjadi losses yang sangat besar pada pipa yaitu sekitar 96 m. Hal ini terjadi karena adanya korosi pada pipa akibat faktor usia pemakaian yang menyebabkan kekasaran permukaan menjadi lebih besar sehingga faktor koefisien gesek pipa juga menjadi lebih besar. Dengan head efektif yang dapat dimanfaatkan adalah 4 meter, maka daya listrik yang dapat terbangkitkan adalah 41,20 kW. Hasil analisis ekonomi memperlihatkan bahwa dengan biaya investasi Rp. 811.858.813,00 maka di peroleh NPV bernilai positif dan IRR lebih besar dari suku bunga pasar sehingga proyek ini layak untuk direalisasikan. Head loss analysis of the transmission pipeline owned by Bandung water supply company and techno-economic analysis for electricity development are presented. Head loss calculation was carried out to obtain the most favorable head necessary for constructing power plant. Meanwhile, cost of investment was calculated using a method developed by Singal while expediency of the power plant construction was assessed through NPV and IRR. Bandung water supply company has a length of over 31 km transmission pipeline, starting from Cikalong, South Bandung and empties into the drinking water treatment plant in Badak Singa street, Bandung. The calculation shows that there is a considerable head loss on the transmission pipeline owned by Bandung water supply company is approximately 96 m. It is caused of corrosion of pipes due to age factor causing surface roughness becomes larger so that the coefficient of friction factor of pipe also becomes larger. It indicates that the most effective head is 4 meter which is able to generate 41.20 kW of electricity. Furthermore, techno-economic analysis reveals that 811,858,813.00 IDR of investment cost is needed for the power plant construction to be considered feasible.

PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM KONVERSI ENERGI AIR MENGGUNAKAN TURBIN VERY LOW HEAD PADA PINTU AIR DI WILAYAH BANDUNG Subekti, Ridwan Arief
Ketenagalistrikan dan Energi Terbarukan Vol 17, No 2 (2018): KETENAGALISTRIKAN DAN ENERGI TERBARUKAN
Publisher : P3TKEBTKE

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Makalah ini membahas tentang pengembangan sistem konversi energi air dengan memanfaatkan pintu air yang ada pada sebuah sungai. Lokasi yang dipilih adalah pintu air yang berada di anak Sungai Citarum di sekitar wilayah Bandung yaitu Sungai Cikapundung, Sungai Citarik, dan Sungai Cidurian. Analisis hidrologi, pemilihan jenis pembangkit, perhitungan potensi daya listrik, dan analisis kelayakannya akan dijabarkan pada tulisan ini. Hasil analisis hidrologi menunjukan bahwa debit andalan Sungai Cikapundung adalah 2,9 m3/s, Sungai Citarik 0,8 m3/s, dan Sungai Cidurian 0,62 m3/s dengan masing-masing potensi daya listrik yang dapat dibangkitkan adalah 19,91 kW, 5,49 kW, dan 4,26 kW. Jenis pembangkit listrik tenaga air skala kecil yang cocok diaplikasikan pada pintu air tersebut adalah menggunakan turbin head sangat rendah dengan head bersih sekitar satu meter. Berdasarkan perhitungan kelayakan dapat diketahui bahwa ketiga rencana pengembangan sistem konversi energi air pada pintu air anak Sungai Citarum tersebut layak dijalankan.

Pengurangan Subsidi BBM dan Polusi Udara Melalui Kebijakan Program Konversi dari BBM ke BBG Untuk Kendaraan di Propinsi Jawa Barat Susanti, Vita; Hartanto, Agus; Subekti, Ridwan Arief; Saputra, Hendri Maja; Rijanto, Estiko; Hapid, Abdul
Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power and Vehicular Technology Vol 1, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Indonesian Istitutes of Sciences

TheÂ numberÂ ofÂ vehicleÂ thatÂ useÂ oilÂ (BBM)Â isÂ increasingÂ everyÂ yearÂ inÂ IndonesiaÂ whileÂ nationalÂ oilÂ reserve become smaller, so that the oil should be imported. The impact of using oil are increasing subsidy and air pollution. Â Thus, it is now becoming important to replace oil with another environmentally friendly energy, one of them is gas (BBG). Based on the number of vehicle and infrastructure in gas pipeline, part of northern West Java potentially canÂ beÂ chosenÂ forÂ theÂ implementationÂ ofÂ conversion Â programÂ toÂ gasÂ (BBG).Â The numberÂ ofÂ vehicleÂ inÂ potential regionsÂ suchÂ asÂ Depok,Â Cibinong,Â Bogor,Â Bekasi,Â Cikarang,Â Karawang,Â Purwakarta,Â Cirebon,Â andÂ BandungÂ are around 875,505 units. From these data, we simulated the potential profit to be gained each year by converting 10% for the first year and increasing it to 5% for every year. By investing 3.16 trillion for conversion, 14.9 trillion can be achieved inÂ theÂ formÂ ofÂ fuelÂ subsidyÂ savings.Â InÂ addition,Â emissionÂ reductionÂ convertedÂ toÂ aÂ CDMÂ (clean developmentÂ mechanism)Â canÂ becomeÂ localÂ revenues.Â Total CDM generated during 5 years predicted is of U.S $ 772,385. From this study, it can be concluded that converting oil (BBM) to gas (BBG) is highly beneficial.Â

Survey Potensi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikro Hidro di Kuta Malaka Kabupaten Aceh Besar Propinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Subekti, Ridwan Arief
Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power and Vehicular Technology Vol 1, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Indonesian Istitutes of Sciences

Generator set is one of the devices able to produces electrics. Generator set used when electrics supply of PLN insufficient or even there no. This matter experienced in Kuta Malaka, Aceh Besar, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam there will be developed a tour area. Because electrical supply from PLN not yet, power electric to support the area used generator set. Future, that tour area apply hydro power station for electrical energy requirement. From that background, the purpose of water potential survey was conducted to get beginning data and information of water power potential as reference to develop PLTMH. The potential survey cover determination of location and head measurement use global positioning system Garmin GPSMAP 76CSx. The other using altimeter, head also was measure manually used the meter by spirit level and string method. The river rate of flow measurement within measuring to speed of rivers flow use propeller devices or current meters brand Flowatch. From data of PLTMH potential survey in Kuta Malaka area known that there are three potential locations able to be developed as PLTMH with effective head 5 until 16 meter and output power 3.7 until 9.1 kW.

Direction and Policies Needed to Support Hybrid Electric Car Research Subekti, Ridwan Arief; Hartanto, Agus; Susanti, Vita
Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power and Vehicular Technology Vol 3, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Indonesian Istitutes of Sciences

The rising number of vehicles over the years has driven the increase of air pollution and fuel consumption. One of the solutions to overcome this problem is using hybrid electric car because it is environmentally friendly and efficient in fuel consumption. LIPI has conducted electric car research since 1997, but there were so many problems in its development that electric car can not be developed into a national industry scale. Therefore, it is important to conduct a study that maps the problems and finds the solutions to prevent the same failure of electric car commercialization process from happening to hybrid electric car . This study was done by collecting and analyzing the primary and secondary data through interviews, discussing electric hybrid car with stakeholders, and examining earlier study results and regulations. Based on this study, several policies to support sustainability research of hybrid electric car were proposed. Some recommendations were the making of national roadmap and regulation for the usage of hybrid electric car on the road. For policy makers at LIPI, a research focus, research coordination, and pre-commercialization program were recommended.

Three axis deviation analysis of CNC milling machine Subagio, Dalmasius Ganjar; Subekti, Ridwan Arief; Saputra, Hendri Maja; Rajani, Ahmad; Sanjaya, Kadek Heri
Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power and Vehicular Technology Vol 10, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Indonesian Istitutes of Sciences

The manufacturing technology has developed rapidly, especially those intended to improve the precision. Consequently, increasing precision requires greater technical capabilities in the field of measurement. A prototype of a 3-axis CNC milling machine has been designed and developed in the Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (RCEPM-LIPI). The CNC milling machine is driven by a 0.4 kW servo motor with a spindle rotation of 12,000 rpm. This study aims to measure the precision of the CNC milling machine by carrying out the measurement process. It is expected that the CNC milling machine will be able toperform in an optimum precision during the manufacturing process. Accuracy level testing is done by measuring the deviations on the three axes namely X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis, as well as the flatness using a dial indicator and parallel plates. The measurement results show the deviation on the X-axis by 0.033 mm, the Y-axis by 0.102 mm, the Z-axis by 0.063 mm, and the flatness of the table by 0.096 mm, respectively. It is confirmed that the deviation value is within the tolerance standard limits set by ISO 2768 standard. However, the calibration is required for this CNC milling machine to achieve more accurate precision. Furthermore, the design improvement of CNC milling machine and the application of information technology in accordance with Industry 4.0 concept will enhance the precision and realibility.

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