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Distribution and Diversity of Echinoderms in the Coastal Waters of South Beach of Lombok Island Syamsul Bahri; Lalu Raftha Patech; Zulhalifah Zulhalifah; Devi Ayu Septiani; Siswadi Siswadi
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 21 No. 1 (2021): Januari - April
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v21i1.2320

Abstract

Echinoderms are benthic animals that can be found in almost all marine ecosystems but are mostly found in the intertidal coastal zone. Echinoderms play an important role as deposit feeders. This study aims to look at the distribution patterns, diversity, and habitat conditions of species in the southern coastal waters of Lombok Island, namely Kute, Awang, and Gerupuk beaches. The field survey was conducted using the quadratic transect method and free collection in October - November 2020. Based on the results of the research, a total of 11 species of echinoderms were found in Lombok Island consisting of 4 classes. Diadema setosum and Tripneusteus gratila were the most common species, whereas Synapta maculate, Holothuria leucospilota, Echinotrix diadema, Holothuria atra, and Ophiocoma scolopendrina were found in small numbers with uniform distribution (Id <1). Diadema setosum distribution pattern has the highest abundance with a clustered distribution pattern (Id> 1) in Awang and Gerupuk, and Tripneusteus gratila in Kute and Awang. The Diversity Index value is different in each habitat. The highest Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (Hꞌ) was found in Gerupuk 2.18. The largest smoothing index is found at Awang 0.96. The largest Dominance Index (D) is found in Gerupuk 0.88. Based on the value of the Echinoderm community structure on the South Coast of Lombok Island, it shows that diversity is moderate, community uniformity is unstable, and dominance is low. information regarding the distribution and diversity of Echinoderm fauna in various types of habitats around the seagrass as a first step to anticipate the decline in the Echinoderm population in the waters of the South Coast of Lombok Island.
Solvent Characterization of Lycopene Extraction in Tomato Fruits as Sensitizer Candidates in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) Devi Ayu Septiani; Agus Abhi Purwoko; Aliefman Hakim
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 22 No. 3 (2022): July - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v22i3.3787

Abstract

This study is an experimental study aimed at clarifying the characteristics of the solvent in the extraction of lycopene in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) as a candidate photosensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The performance of DSSC  depends on the type of dye commonly used as a sensitizer. Tomatoes contain an lycopene. Yields of lycopene extract in tomatoes were characterized by FTIR and UV-Vis spectrophotometers. The extraction methods used in this study are the maceration method and liquid-liquid extraction. The procedure of this study was carried out in two main stages,  the extraction stage and the characterization stage. The first step was the extraction of lycopene from tomatoes using the maceration and liquid-liquid extraction methods. The maceration process compared the use of acetone and ethyl acetate as solvents. This extraction step produced  6.514 g (acetone) and 5.6702 g (ethyl acetate) lycopene extracts. The second step is to identify the functional groups of the compound formed using an FTIR spectrophotometer and use a UV-Vis spectrophotometer to determine the absorbance and maximum wavelength value of the lycopene and  M-lycopene complex. The results of the FTIR spectrophotometer test showed that using acetone as the solvent produced wavenumbers similar to lycopene compared to ethyl acetate.  UV-Vis spectrophotometer test results show the maximum wavelengths of the lycopene extract using acetone as the solvent were 447 nm, and 294 nm when ethyl acetate was used as the solvent. The Eg results revealed that the Eg values ​​for the acetone and ethyl acetate extracts were 4.52 eV and 2.68 eV. Based on the results of property analysis of the two solvents used, acetone was more suitable than ethyl acetate for the extraction of tomato lycopene used as a DSSC sensitizer.