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All Journal BERITA BIOLOGI JURNAL PANGAN Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim
Elza Surmaini
Indonesian Agroclimate and Hydrology Research Institute
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Social Sciences

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ANOMALI IKLIM, EVALUASI MASA TANAM, TINGKAT KEHILANGAN HASIL DAN PENGATURAN SISTEM PRODUKSI PERTANIAN DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR Surmaini, Elza; lrianto, Gatot
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 6 (2003)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (990.15 KB) | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v6i6.1199

Abstract

Water availability generally enhanced accumulation crop productivity in short time caused yield accumulation in that period. El-Nino, a climate phenomenon that increased of intensity and frequency lately caused planting period determination is being more important in minimizing agriculture risk like El-Nino. El-Nino impact on season displacement and rainfall drop were carried out with weighted regression between anomaly of rainfall and sea surface temperature (SST). Then, the information use to quantify rainfall fluctuation in relation with SST. Rainfall forecasting for next 3-6 month used in evaluation of planting period and then recommend some scenario with different level yield loss.Result showed that rainfall in north-side of East Kalimantan not affected by SST, but in south-side the correlation was significant. Especially El-Nino 1997 has forwarded dry season and delaied wet season.Analysis of planting period on dry season showed that paddy, corn, and tomato had high yield loss caused by water stress.Cropping pattern and planting period modification were required to suppress the yield loss. One alternative was by implementing runoff and rainfall harvesting to avoid yield accumulation only in wet season. Conventional cropping pattern that rely on rainfall should be managed in to whole area, so that quantity and continuity of yield may be able to be optimized.
Goncangan Iklim Mengancam Ketahanan Pangan Nasional Amien, Istiqlal; Runtunuwu, Eleonora; Susanti, Erni; Surmaini, Elza
JURNAL PANGAN Vol 20, No 2 (2011): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1011.875 KB) | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v20i2.30

Abstract

Kebutuhan pangan meningkat pesat dengan bertambahnya penduduk dan perbaikan ekonomi. Penduduk juga telah lebih banyak menempati perkotaan yang sebagian besar di hilir sehingga mengurangi ketersediaan air bagi pertanian. Sementara produksi pangan yang telah terkendala oleh alih fungsi lahan pertanian yang dipercepat kebijakan transportasi dan tajamnya kompetisi penggunaan air yang diperparah oleh keragaman dan perubahan iklim. Peran Jawa sebagai pemasok utama beras nasional sudah semakin melemah, sehingga perlu dicari pusat pertumbuhan pangan baru. Mengantisipasi tantangan ini perlu dikaji dan dikembangkan potensi pangan tradisional yang kurang dimanfaatkan maupun yang telah terlupakan. Riset perlu terus dipacu untuk meningkatkan manfaat sumberdaya maritim yang lebih luas dari daratan untuk produksi pangan dan pengembangan varietas baru yang lebih efisien menggunakan air dan karbon. Teknologi pangan dari hulu ke hilir perlu cepat didiseminasikan dengan memanfaatkan teknologi informasi yang telah berkembang pesat untuk meningkatkan ketahanan pangan.Rapid rise of food requirement has been driven by not only increasing population but also improving welfare. More people now live in urban areas located mostly in the downstream areas that reduce the water supplies for agricultural production. Meanwhile, food production is already constrained by agricultural lands conversion, by inappropriate transportation policy and by tighter water competition that is exacerbated by climate anomaly and climate change. The decreasing role of Java as the national rice supplier requires the development of new food production centers in outer islands. To anticipate the challenge, traditional food crops which are either underutilized or neglected must be assessed and more developed. Researches on potential utilization of maritime resources, that are larger than the terrestrial ones for food production, can be developed to become more efficient by using water and carbon. Food technology, from the up-streams to downstreams, has to be rapidly disseminated by using more appropriately state-of-the-art information technology to enhance food security. 
PENENTUAN NILAI AMBANG CURAH HUJAN UNTUK DETEKSI DINI KEKERINGAN PADA TANAMAN PADI SAWAH: STUDI KASUS PROVINSI JAWA BARAT DAN SULAWESI SELATAN Surmaini, Elza; Hadi, Tri Wahyu; Subagyono, Kasdi; Puspito, Nanang Tyasbudi
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 38, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v38n2.2014.79-87

Abstract

Abstrak. Defisit curah hujan dalam periode tertentu merupakan faktor dominan yang menentukan kekeringan agronomis. Oleh karena itu, nilai ambang curah hujan sebelum waktu tanam yang berpotensi menyebabkan kekeringan perlu diketahui untuk deteksi dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkonfirmasi bahwa penurunan curah hujan menyebabkan kekeringan agronomis pada tanaman padi sawah dan menentukan nilai ambang curah hujan yang berpotensi menyebabkan pada musim kemarau. Nilai ambang curah hujan dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan persamaan regresi polinomial antara Indeks Dampak Kekeringan Padi (IDKP) dengan curah hujan dan debit sungai. Model GR4J digunakan untuk menentukan korelasi antara curah hujan dan debit serta mensimulasi debit sungai pada tahun-tahun El Niño. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa curah hujan cukup akurat digunakan sebagai indikator untuk deteksi dini kekeringan agronomis tanaman padi pada sawah tadah hujan dan sawah irigasi. Nilai ambang curah hujan pada sawah tadah hujan adalah 60-70 mm, sedangkan untuk sawah irigasi adalah 20 mm. Abstract. Prolonged deficit of rainfall is a dominant factor affecting drought severity. Therefore, rainfall threshold prior to planting time that potentially lead to agronomic drought need to be identified for early detection purpose. This research aimed to confirm the adequacy of rainfall for measuring drought on paddy rice, and to assess rainfall thresholds as indicator of drought on paddy rice during dry season planting. Rainfall thresholds were statistically analyzed using a polynomial regression between Paddy Drought Impact Index (PDII) and rainfall and river discharge. GR4J model was used to assess correlation between rainfall and river discharge and to simulate river discharge in El Niño years. We deduce that rainfall is an appropriate indicator for early detection agronomic drought for both rainfed and irrigated paddy rice. We also emphasize that the drought events should be predicted by rainfall thresholds whose values are 20 mm for irrigated paddy field and between 60 mm to 70 mm in rainfed paddy field.
Co-Authors Eleonora Runtunuwu Erni Susanti Hadi, Tri Wahyu Istiqlal Amien, Istiqlal lrianto, Gatot Nanang T. Puspito Subagyono, Kasdi