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All Journal ISLAMICA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman
Muhammad Afdillah
Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Indonesia/Hartford International University for Religion and Peace, Connecticut
Religion Education

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Al-Mutawakkil's Edict on Christianity and Its Relation to Christian-Muslim Encounters: A Historical Analysis Muhammad Afdillah
Islamica: Jurnal Studi Keislaman Vol. 16 No. 2 (2022): March
Publisher : Postgraduate Studies of Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/islamica.2022.16.2.222-245

Abstract

This article examines the Christian-Muslim relations in the third/ninth century through the al-Mutawakkil’s edict on Christianity issued in 235/850. Historically, al-Mutawakkil’s rule in 232-247/847-861 was marked by three significant events: the ending of the Inquisition in 234/849, the declaration of an edict against Christianity in 235/850, and the lifting of the tomb of Imam Ḥusayn b. Abī Ṭālib in 236/851. Particularly, the second event highlighted the complex relations between Christians and Muslims in early Islam, and accordingly raised such a question as why the Caliph al-Mutawakkil only targeted Christians in his edict even though Muslims had encountered many religious groups (ahl al-dhimmah). Examining the classical and modern resources of Islamic history on this account, this article traces theological, social, and political factors in the Christian-Muslim encounters surrounding al-Mutawakkil’s edict. Even though al-Mutawakkil failed to fully implement the edict on Christians, he demonstrated that he was a tactician ruler who could win over his Muslim subjects and control non-Muslim citizens, bureaucrats, and soldiers.
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