Ayla Karina Budita
Universitas Terbuka

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EKSPLOITASI PEKERJA PADA INDUSTRI BATIK RUMAHAN Muhammad Alhada Fuadilah Habib; Cut Rizka Al Usrah; Mukhammad Fatkhullah; Kanita Khoirun Nisa; Ayla Karina Budita
EMPATI: Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial Vol 10, No 2 (2021): Empati Edisi Desember 2021
Publisher : Social Welfare Study Program

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/empati.v10i2.23541

Abstract

Abstract. Batik industry is one of the leading industries in Indonesia. Since UNESCO declared batik as one of the cultural treasures and identity of the Indonesian nation, batik production has increased in line with increasing market demand. One of the rapidly growing batik industries in Indonesia is the batik industry located in Lawean Village, Solo, Central Java. The industry uses a putting out system where batik workers do their work in their respective house production. Through this system, business owners no longer need to compile an environmental impact analysis, provide social security for workers, pay overtime, work space, and work equipment. However, this putting out system creates many problems, from environmental pollution, deprivation of social rights for workers, to exploitation of workers by business owners. This study aims to reveal forms of injustice to workers in the home batik industry, Lawean, Solo, Central Java through a constructivism (critical) approach. Primary data obtained through in-depth interviews on 14 research subjects and also supported by secondary data from previous studies. Determination of informants is done by using the snowball technique. The theory used in this study is the theory of power relations by Michael Foucault. The dominance of power that leads to injustice (exploitation), cannot be separated from the presence of persuasive power (the owner of the batik business who controls the workers) in the midst of the Lawean Batik Industry. This dominance of power occurs because of the inequality of intelligence and mastery of information technology between batik business owners and workers. Batik business owners have access/network to sell batik products both domestically and abroad, while workers do not have access/network to sell batik they produce directly. On the other hand, the "ewuh-pakewuh" culture that is embraced by the Lewean community further exacerbates this domination.Keywords: batik, home industry, exploitation, power relationAbstrak. Industri batik menjadi salah satu industri unggulan dalam perekonomian Indonesia. Sejak diakuinya batik sebagai salah satu kekayaan budaya dan identitas Bangsa Indonesia oleh UNESCO, produksi batik terus mengalami peningkatan seiring dengan semakin meningkatnya permintaan batik. Salah satu industri batik yang berkembang pesat di Indonesia adalah industri batik yang berada di Desa Lawean, Solo, Jawa Tengah. Industri batik di lokasi tersebut, secara umum menggunakan sistem putting out di mana para pekerja batik mengerjakan pekerjaannya di rumah masing-masing. Dengan penerapan sistem ini, para pengusaha batik tidak perlu lagi menyiapkan amdal, jaminan sosial bagi para pekerja, uang lembur, ruang untuk bekerja, serta peralatan untuk bekerja. Penerapan sistem putting out ini, ternyata menimbulkan banyak sekali masalah, mulai dari pencemaran lingkungan, terampasnya hak-hak sosial bagi para pekerja sampai pada eksploitasi para pekerja oleh pengusaha batik.Studi ini merupakan studi konstruktivisme (kritis) untuk mengungkap bentuk-bentuk ketidakadilan yang dialami oleh para pekerja di industri batik rumahan, Lawean, Solo, Jawa Tengah. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang diperoleh melalui hasil wawancara mendalam (indepth interview) terhadap 14 orang subyek penelitian dan didukung pula oleh data skunder dari penelitian terdahulu. Teknik penentuan informan menggunakan teknik snowball. Adapun teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori relasi kekuasaan dari Michael Foucault. Terjadinya prakter dominasi kekuasaan yang berujung pada terjadinya ketidakadilan (eksploitasi), tidak terlepas dari hadirnya kekuasaan yang bersifat persuatif (juragan batik menguasai pembatik) di tengah-tengah Industri Batik Lawean. Praktek dominasi kekuasaan ini terjadi karena adanya ketimpangan intelegensi (kecerdasan) dan ketimpangan penguasaan teknologi informasi antara juragan batik dengan pembatik. Juragan batik memiliki akses/jaringan untuk menjual produk batik ke konsumen dalam negeri maupun luar negeri, sedangkan para pekerja pembatik merasa tidak mampu menjual barang hasil produksi ke pasar. Budaya sungkan/ewuh-pakewuh yang dianut oleh masyarakat Lewean semakin memperparah praktek dominasi kekuasaan ini.Kata Kunci: Batik, Industri Rumahan, Eksploitasi, Relasi Kuasa
ANALISIS KONFLIK PEMBANGUNAN NEW YOGYAKARTA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT Muhammad Alhada Fuadilah Habib; Mukhammad Fatkhullah; Siti Muslihatul Mukaromah; Ayla Karina Budita
Madani Jurnal Politik dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan Vol 14 No 02 (2022): AGUSTUS 2022
Publisher : Universitas Islam Darul Ulum Lamongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (427.9 KB) | DOI: 10.52166/madani.v14i02.3237

Abstract

The need for air transportation in the modern era as it is today is proven to continue to increase significantly. This increase is seen as an opportunity by PT. Angkasa Pura to carry out the construction of a new airport in Yogyakarta. The construction of this airport is welcomed by the Yogyakarta government because it is seen as being able to improve the welfare of the community. However, quite a lot of people are against the construction of this airport for various reasons. This study focuses on efforts to trace the root causes of the conflict in the construction of the New Yogyakarta International Airport (NYIA), identify the actors involved in the conflict, identify the forms of conflict that occur, and identify the social and economic impacts for the Kulonprogo community. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data mining techniques in the form of observation, in-depth interviews, FGD, and literature studies. The results of this study found that the root cause of the phenomenon of conflict over the construction of the New Yogyakarta International Airport (NYIA) actually occurred due to differences in interests and also different perspectives in the management of natural resources on land in Kulonprogo. Some use the ecofeminism paradigm, some use the capitalist paradigm. This difference then gave rise to conflict between the government-business side and civil society parties who refused to build the airport. Various attempts were made by the community to resist by forming an organization called Wahana Tri Tunggal (WTT) with various forms of resistance social movements in it. The development of the NYIA in turn gave rise to vulnerable groups of people whose survival was threatened because their land as a place to live and their main livelihood was used as an airport. These vulnerable people really need attention and assistance, especially from the government to be able to survive in their new conditions.