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Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Waste Pretreatment with Benzotriazolium-Based Ionic Liquids for Cellulose Conversion to Glucose: Experiments with Computational Bibliometric Analysis Ahmad Mudzakir; Karina Mulya Rizky; Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh; Dhesy Puspitasari
Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology Vol 7, No 2 (2022): IJOST: VOLUME 7, ISSUE 2, September 2022
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17509/ijost.v7i2.50800

Abstract

This study aims to utilize benzotriazolium salt-ionic liquids (ILs) as solvents in the oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) waste pretreatment along with bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer. Three ILs have been synthesized and tested as EFB solvents by a microwave-heating method. Those are organic salts of 1,3-methyl-octyl-1,2,3-benzotriazolium ([MOBzt]+) cation with three kinds of anions such as bromide ([Br]-), acetate ([CH3COO]-), and thiocyanate ([SCN]-). The bibliometric analysis showed that new research needs to be conducted to improve the development of research relating to biomass pretreatment. The highest solubility of EFB is in [MOBzt]CH3COO is about 7,5% w/w. The effect of anions on the ability to dissolve EFB is CH3COO-SCN-Br-. When subject to ILs pretreatment, EFB exhibited increased cellulose crystallinity, changed in the structure of cellulose I to cellulose II, reduced particle size, and decreased lignin content compared to untreated one, improving the glucose yield from enzymatic hydrolysis. The highest glucose yield (1,237 mg/mL) was obtained when the EFB was pretreated by [MOBzt]CH3COO with enzymatic hydrolysis for 24 hours. This research is expected to contribute to the development of new biomass pretreatment methods.
Innovation of Environmentally Friendly Solid Electrolyte Biobattery Based on Carrageenan and Rotten Tomatoes Mia Widyaningsih; Muhamad Abidin; Ashary Fathul Hafidh; Anceu Murniati; Risti Ragadhita; Karina Mulya Rizky; Ahmad Mudzakir
ASEAN Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 4, No 1 (2024): (ONLINE FIRST) AJSE: March 2024
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17509/ajse.v3i3.49681

Abstract

This research aims to create and evaluate the performance of environmentally friendly biobattery based on carrageenan and rotten tomatoes to reduce B3 waste. To make a biobattery based on carrageenan and rotten tomatoes, five ratios of carrageenan and rotten tomatoes mixtures were used with the composition of carrageenan values of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% for each type of battery. The parameters observed in this study were the potential difference, current strength, and stability of the biobattery. Carrageenan was added to prevent battery leakage and maintain battery stability. As a result, the biobattery has a potential difference value equivalent to a commercial battery, namely 1.5 V, but the current generated is still low. On the other hand, biobatteries can be applied to alarm clocks. The difference in carrageenan concentration has no significant effect on the value of potential difference, current strength, power, recharging ability, and application on wall clocks, as well as the stability of the biobattery. The experiment was carried out with the hypothesis that husk ash can absorb rotten tomatoes, preventing electrolyte leakage. However, the resulting biobattery is still leaking. After that, we modified it again by using electrolytes made from rotten tomatoes and coconut dregs, but the leakage was still the same. Therefore, the biobattery made from a combination of carrageenan and rotten tomatoes was assumed to keep the battery more stable and prevent leakage. This research was expected to contribute to the development of environmentally friendly batteries to reduce B3 waste, along with the increasing need for batteries in the era of industrial revolution 4.0.