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Alkaline Treatment of Oil Palm Frond Fibers by Using Extract of Oil Palm EFB Ash for Better Adhesion toward Polymeric Matrix Fatra, Warman; Sanjaya, Randi; Zulfansyah, Zulfansyah; Rionaldo, Hari; Helwani, Zuchra
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 47, No 5 (2015)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

In Indonesia, 187 million tons of biomass were produced from 8.11 million ha of oil palm plantation in 2009. This massive amount of biomass mainly consists of oil palm fronds (OPF) and oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB), which are normally categorized as waste. The properties of OPF fibers compared to those of synthetic fibers, such as low density, low cost, less abrasion of equipment, and safer production, makes them an attractive reinforcement for composite materials. In this work, the utilization of oil palm empty fruit bunch ash for OPF fiber-polyester resin composite and the effect of process conditions were studied. Water absorption, tensile and flexural strength were used to characterize the effects of alkaline treatment on modified OPF fibers in polyester resin. The investigation focused on the effect of alkaline treatment time. Treatment temperature and liquid to solid ratio were analyzed using Response Surface Method-Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD). The highest tensile strength (44.87 MPa) was achieved at 12 hours soaking time, at 40Â°C treatment temperature and 5:1 water to ash ratio. The highest flexural strength (120.50 MPa) was obtained at 1.3 hours soaking time, 4 dissolving ratio and 35Â°C treatment temperature. The lowest water absorption of composite (3.00%) was achieved at the longest soaking time (14.7 hours), 4 dissolving ratio and 35Â°C treatment temperature. Variance of soaking time, dissolving ratio and temperature in the alkaline treatment process using extract of oil palm empty fruit bunch ash significantly affected the mechanical and physical properties of the oil palm frond fibers reinforced composite.

PROSES DENSIFIKASI PRODUK KARBONISASI TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT MENJADI BRIKET MENGGUNAKAN CRUDE GLISEROL PRODUK SAMPING BIODIESEL SEBAGAI FILLER Arifin, Lukman; Helwani, Zuchra; Fatra, Warman
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 4, No 1 (2017): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2017
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Empty fruit bunches (EFB) has not been utilized optimally. EFB can be used as source of solid fuel in the form of briquettes. The calorific value of the EFB is 18.200,975 kJ / kg. The calorific value can be increased by carbonization process that is followed by densification process. Carbonization process aims to minimize the elements forming of the smoke, so the exhaust gas can be cleaner. Densification Process aims to increase the density and simplify the handling process. The calorific value of the combustion products can be enhanced by adding the filler. Crude glycerol is used as the filler, because it has a the calorific value of 25.175,98 kJ / kg which aims to improve the calorific value. The purpose of this research is to utilize EFB and wasting crude glycerol as a source of solid fuel, to learn how is the effect of crude glycerol, particle size, and compression pressure, to determine the influence of calorific value and compressive strength of the briquettes produced. EFB Densification uses a hydraulic press in operating conditions of particle sizes (60, 80, and 100 mesh), the composition of the filler (60:40, 70:30 and 80:20) and a pressing pressure (100.110, and 120 bar). Responses were analyzed, namely the calorific value and compressive strength by using Response Surface Methodology. The Best calorific value is obtained by 28.999,4 kJ / kg at 80 mesh particle size, composition filler 53: 47, and the pressing pressure of 110 bar. While the best compressive strength value is 9,5316 kg / cm2 at 100 mesh particle size, composition filler 60: 40, and the pressing pressure of 120 bar. Process conditions is very influence significantly on the calorific value and compressive strength is the composition of the filler and the pressing pressure.Keywords: Briquettes, Densification, Carbonization, Compressive Strength, Calorific Value, Empty Palm Bunches

Pembuatan Briket Dari Batang Sawit Menggunakan Gliserol Produk Samping Biodiesel Sebagai Matrix Aswie, Viqha; Helwani, Zuchra; Fatra, Warman
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5 (2018): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2018
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Palm oil waste is one of the potential biomass to be converted into briquettes. The size of the particles, the composition of the matrix crude glycerol on palm oil charcoal and the pressing pressure has an effect on the quality of the briquettes produced. This study aims to determine the effect of particle size, composition of matrix crude glycerol on palm oil, and pressing pressure in briquettes produced from palm oil, and analyze the effect of these variables using the analysis of Respond Surface Methodology (RSM). The palm stem is first carried out by a carbonization process to form palm oil charcoal. Palm oil charcoal is separated by 60, 80, and 100 mesh sieve and mixed with crude glycerol with the composition of charcoal to crude glycerol 60:40, 70:30, and 80:20. The samples that have been mixed are then densified at 100, 110 and 120 kg / cm2. The design of the experiment trip was determined by Central Composite Design in Design Expert 7.0.0 software. The resulting briquette products were analyzed in the form of heat value analysis, compressive strength analysis, and proximate analysis. The results showed that the highest calorific value was obtained at 28,089.6 kJ / kg in 80 mesh particle size, 53:47 charcoal matrix composition, and pressing pressure 110 bar. While the highest compressive strength value was 7,526 kg / cm2 at 10 mesh particle size, matrix composition of 80:20 charcoal, and pressing pressure 120 bar. Palm oil briquettes have met the standard heat value of briquettes (min. 21,000 kJ / kg) based on SNI.Keywords : briquettes, crude glycerol, matrix, palm prees

Optimasi Proses Karbonisasi Tandan Kosong Sawit Menggunakan Response Surface Methodology Putra, Bayu Eldino; Helwani, Zuchra; Fatra, Warman
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 4, No 2 (2017): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2017
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Empty fruit bunches (EFB) is a source of biomass which has not been utilized optimally yet. EFB can be used as source of solid fuel in the form of charcoal because of its high calorific value 18,200.75 kJ / kg. The calorific value can be increased by carbonization. Carbonization is a process to convert lignoselulose biomass into charcoal within temperature range 300 â€“ 600 Â°C in a limited oxygen environment. The purpose of this research is to utilize EFB as a source of solid fuel, to study the effect of process condition such as temperature, holding time, and feed size towards the characteristics of resulted charcoal and to optimize carbonization process from the data obtained. Reactor used for EFB carbonization is a tube furnace at operating conditions of temperature (350, 400 and 450 Â°C), holding time (90, 120 and 150 minutes) and feed size (2, 4 and 6 cm). Responses were analyzed, namely the calorific value and volatile matter by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Optimum conditions obtained are temperature 450 Â°C, holding time 90 minutes and feed size 6 cm with calorific value 28,106 kJ/kg and volatile matter 13.47 %. The most influential process variable for calorific value is temperature. Meanwhile for volatile matter, every process variables give significant effect.Keywords : Carbonization, Calorific Value, Empty Fruit Bunch, Optimization, RSM

Perilaku Kekuatan Baja Tulangan Beton Akibat Kebakaran Rahman, Rezky; Kurniawandy, Alex; Fatra, Warman
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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In general, when a reinforced concrete suffered a fire, a lot of people tend to replace it with anew reinforced concrete, because they assume that the strength of the element structure isalready changing. Though it is possible to keep re-creating the building by recountingstrength structural elements. The purpose of this studywass to know a changing of yield andtensile strength toward concrete-steel reinforced bar after burning at various temperature.Steel reinforced bar used was 13 mm (S13) and 16 mm (S16) in diameter which is the gradewas (BjTS 40) and (BjTS 35), respectively. The yield and tensile strength as receivedcondition of S13 were 432,02 MPa and 583,62 MPa, respectively, and S16 were 369,38 MPaand 514,58 MPa, respectively. The average yield strength of S13 after burning at 600 °C,800 °C, and 1000°C, were 411,78 MPa, 417,80 MPa, and 428,14 MPa, respectively. And thetensile strength of S13 were 563,64 MPa, 568,83 MPa, and 577,83 MPa, respectively. Theaverage of yield strength of S16 were 346,15 MPa, 358,13 MPa, and 362,28 MPa,respectively. And the tensile strength of S16 were 504,94 MPa, 507,05 MPa, and 518,49MPa, respectively. Based on this result, S13 and S16 concrete-steel reinforced bar beforeand after burning were still in the same grade compare to as rechieved. It can be concludedthat the building after fire at a temperature 600 ° C, 800 ° C and 1000 ° C for 1 hour with 2.5cm concrete cover thickness still meet the strength requirements of the building.Keywords: Reinforced Concrete Steel, Yield Stress (fy), Tensile Strength (fu), Burning

Pembuatan Komposit Serat Batang Pisang Kepok Bermatriks Polyester Dengan Metode Vacuum Bagging Hutagaol, Martiandes; Fatra, Warman; Helwani, Zuchra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 8 (2021): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2021
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Various types of bananas with good quality thrive in various regions in Riau. Banana fiber has good potential to be developed as an engineering material by engineering composite materials. The making of composites using kepok banana stem fiber was carried out using the vacuum bagging method. The fiber was heated with temperature variations of 70 ° C, 80 ° C and 90 ° C and time of 2, 3 and 4 hours, then the fiber was extracted with a length of 30 cm. The composite fiber arrangement is continuous. To determine the experimental design and variables that have a significant effect on tensile strength, flexural strength and impact resistance, the statistical method Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is used. The results showed that the increased tensile strength was significantly influenced by the volume fraction of banana fiber, temperature and heating time of the fiber. The highest tensile strength value of 89.855 MPa and the highest flexural strength value of 327.76 MPa were obtained at a volume fraction of 38% banana fiber, heating temperature 70 ° C and heating time of 4 hours. The highest impact resistance value of 2.56 J was obtained at a volume fraction of 28% banana fiber, heating temperature of 70 ° C and heating time of 2 hours.Keywords: Banana Fiber, NaOH, Response Surface Methodology, Vacuum Bagging.

Perlakuan Dan Pengujian Pasir Sungai Rokan Hulu Bagian Hilir Untuk Memenuhi Standar Pasir Cetak Pengecoran Logam Alumunium Apri, Welli; Fatra, Warman
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 7 (2020): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2020
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Riau Province has a very large potential of river sand because there are many rivers, one of them is the Rokan Hulu river. The sand utilization at Rokan Hulu river has not been optimized yet because it is only used as a building material. One of the potential uses of sand of Rokan Hulu river is as a sand mold for metal casting. The purpose of this study is to obtain river sand that meets the sand casting standards on aluminum casting, by providing several treatments such as adding clay content and moisture content. The characteristics of river sand is by measuring the sand distribution, clay content, moisture content, permeability and compression testing. The test results show that the GFN value of the sand at the downstream Rokan Hulu river is 65.64, which means it has the potential to be used as a metal casting sand mold. The addition of 672 gr bentonite, 1172 gr, and 1672 gr produced clay content in the sand to be 10%, 15% and 20%, respectively. The addition of water of 100 gr, 600 gr, and 1100 gr produces water content in sand to 2%, 7%, and respectively. Permeability testing of 9 (nine) sand samples yields maximum and minimum values of 0.0792 cm / min and 0.04668 cm / min, respectively. Keyword: River sand, aluminium casting, clay content, water content, permeability

Karbonasi Pelepah Sawit Yemita, Sylvia; Helwani, Zuchra; Fatra, Warman
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Palm fronds only used as a source of raw materials for animal feed, compost and organic fertilizer in the garden area so far. The heating value of palm fronds is 17.200 kJ/kg. The heating value can be improved by conducting carbonization process. Carbonization is a method to process biomass into solid fuel without oxygen where the temperature range is between 400-600 °C. The aim of this study is to produce a solid fuel from palm fronds by using carbonization process, to know the characteristics of products and to see the influence of reaction temperature, carbonization time and particle size of product towards heating value and volatile matter content. Carbonization temperature used were 400, 500, 600oC, carbonization time used were 90, 120, 150 minutes, and particle size used were 2, 4, 6 cm. Processing data in this study was conducted by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) by using Design Expert 7.0.0 program which is experimental design determined by Central Composite Design (CCD). The highest result of heating value was 28.469 kJ/kg at 400oC for 150 minutes and particle size 2 cm. The highest result of volatile matter content was 21,14 %-wt at 670oC for 120 minutes and particle size 4 cm. Significant process condition affecting the heating value was temperature and carbonization time. However, the condition affecting the volatile matter content were carbonization temperature, carbonization time and particle size.Keywords: Carbonization, Heating Value, Palm Frond, Volatile Matter.

Pengaruh Temperatur Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) Terhadap Sifat Mekanis Material Baja A36 Yang Mengalami Pengelasan Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) Akhyar, Waldi Naziful; Afrizal, Efi; Fatra, Warman
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 8 (2021): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2021
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Some industries involve the welding process at the production stage. Currently in the practice widely used is SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) due to requires electrical energy as the heat source. In another line, that process produced residual stress since speed of cooling time is diffference between based metal and welded region. In this study, PWHT (Post Weld Heat Treatment) proposes to apply as solution in reduce the effect of residual stress. The method is the welded material reheated on temperature 450oC, 550 oC , and 650 during 1 hour in the furnace and cooled in it. The results showed at the highest heating temperature, elongation of welded material increase 22%, the hardness in the welding region decreased to 160 VHN while in the HAZ area the hardness was an improvement to 140 VHN, and the micro observations showed a structure after PWHT more uniform. It could be concluded that PWHT has succeeded in increasing the ductility of the welded materials. Key words : welded, PWHT, SMAW

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