Erlangga Saputra Arifin
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, Jakarta, Indonesia

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The Curative Innovation of Novel Triple-Drug Compared to Double-Drug Regimen in Lymphatic Filariasis: A Systematic Review Rivaldi Ruby; Erlangga Saputra Arifin; Charens
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 10 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v10i3.35162

Abstract

The World Health Organization has established a global program for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis by 2020; recent data has shown an impracticable result accomplishing it. Therefore, this study aims to identify the efficacy and safety between triple-drugs (DEC, ALB, IVM) and double-drugs (DEC & ALB/IVM & ALB) for lymphatic filariasis treatment. A systematic review was conducted with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement guidelines. The literature search was done using five databases: PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, and CENTRAL until December 3, 2020 without any publication date range imposed. Data collection was done by three independent reviewers and entered into a predesigned data extraction form. Cochrane risk of bias tool 2.0 was utilized in the quality assessment of the studies. Search strategies identified 209 studies. Three relevant full-text articles met our inclusion criteria. Overall studies had low risk of bias. The main findings are as follows: (a) Administration of single dose of triple-drug regimen resulted in a total elimination of microfilaria 12 months after treatment whilst 91% participants given with double-drug remained microfilaremic (p=0.002); (b) In larger samples (n=182), triple drug cleared microfilaria in 96% of the participants and only 32% of the participants receiving double-drug regimen after 12 months observation; (c) Statistically, the triple-drug safety has a lower degree than the double-drug regimen (p=0.02). The triple-drug treatment has a better efficacy compared to the double-drug regimen in treating lymphatic filariasis. Furthermore, both regimens are proven safe with no serious adverse events elicited.
Germ Tube Induction Test Comparing Total of Six Liquid and Three Solid Media in Candida albicans Rivaldi Ruby; Erlangga Saputra Arifin; Sandy Vitria Kurniawan; Sem Samuel Surja
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 11 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v11i1.34097

Abstract

Invasive candidiasis (IC) has a high mortality rate of 70%, thus diagnosis should be established without delay. Given its fast result, serological test such as β-d-glucan (BDG) test is one alternative diagnosis modalities. However, it lacks specificity. Candida albicans germ tube antibody (CAGTA) test is an alternative serological test which has a high sensitivity of 76.2% and specificity of 80.3%.  Manufacturing CAGTA serological test requires provision of specific germ tube antigen. In this study, various culture media were tested to find the best media for germ tube induction. This study was an experimental in vitro study. The number and length of the germ tube were recorded in two- and three-hour incubation periods. A total of six samples containing one C. albicans ATCC 90028, four C. albicans wild type strains, and one C. krusei wild type strain were used. Nine media were tested to induce germ   tube formation: human and sheep serum, fetal bovine serum, mueller hinton agar and broth, tryptic soy agar and broth, brain heart infusion agar and broth. At both incubation periods, the medium with the highest number of germ tube was human serum (p=0.001 and p=0). The longest germ tube was found in sheep serum at two-hour incubation period (p=0.005). Mueller hinton broth (MHB) showed comparable results with human and sheep serum (p>0.05). Human serum is a superior inducer of morphogenesis. However, the use of MHB is recommended in this study, since provision of fresh human and sheep serum on a regular basis is impractical.