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Karlina Denistia, Karlina
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Arts Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

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The Distribution of the Agentive Nominalizer of the Suffixes {-er} and {-an} Denistia, Karlina; Alip, Francis Borgias
Journal of Language and Literature Vol 14, No 1 (2014): April
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (722.099 KB) | DOI: 10.24071/joll.v14i1.398

Abstract

This study focuses on the suffixes {–er} and {-an} because these suffixes are the most commonly used suffixes in daily life and thus really productive. There are three problems formulated for this topic: (1) What are the characteristics of stems receiving suffixes {–er} and {-an}? (2) What meanings are introduced by suffixes {–er} and {–an}? (3) What are the distributions of the allomorphs of suffixes {–er} and {-an}? The data of this study are morphemes and affixes. Hornby’s Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (year of 2000) is used. Finally, the present researcher found that the suffixes {–er} and {an} are attached to certain verbs, adjectives, and nouns. The suffix {-an} are not attached to verbs. The suffix {-er} is mostly attached to transitive verbs to create three possibilities of meaning. There is only one meaning of the suffix {–er} when it is attached to an adjective, and eight meanings of the suffix {–er} when it is attached to certain nouns. For suffix {-an}, there are three meanings when it is attached to adjectives and five meanings when it is attached to nouns. There are two meanings of the suffix {-an} when it is attached to nouns. The allomorph of the suffix {-er} are –or, -eer /ɪər/, and –ier /ɪər/, while the allomorphs of the suffix {-an} are –ian /ʃn/, -ian /ɪən/, and –ean /ɪən/. Keywords: morpheme, derivational suffixes, an agentive nominalization, stem, allomorph
Revisiting the Indonesian prefixes peN-, pe2- and per- Denistia, Karlina
Linguistik Indonesia Vol 36, No 2 (2018): Linguistik Indonesia
Publisher : Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (438.64 KB) | DOI: 10.26499/li.v36i2.80

Abstract

This paper presents a literature review on three nominalising prefixes in Indonesian: peN-, pe2- and per- whose function is to create agent, instrument, or patient (e.g. tulis ‘to write’ – penulis ‘writer’, wisata ‘travel’ – pewisata ‘traveller’ and tapa ‘ascetic’ – pertapa ‘hermit’). The ‘N-‘ in peN- stands for ‘nasal’ due to its five nasalised allomorphs (e.g. pen-, peny-, pem-, peng-, and penge-). However, there is one peN- allomorph which is not nasalised, henceforth called pe1-. Pe2-, the other prefix, is described as having similar in form and meaning as pe1-. Per-, the last prefixed is described as the archaic nominalisation prefix. Some theorists believed that Indonesian nominalisation is derived from peN- and per- in which pe2- belongs to per-, some argued that it is formed from peN- in which pe2- is one of peN- variant or per-, and some stated that nouns are derived from peN-, pe2- or per-. PeN- is described as the most productive of the three prefixes and is believed to correlate with the verbal prefix meN- (e.g. menulis ‘to write’ – penulis ‘writer’) with the process of affix substitution. Whereas pe2- is described as corresponding with the verbal prefix ber- (e.g. berwisata ‘to travel’ – pewisata ‘traveller’). Thus far, there has been no consensus addressing whether pe2- the allomorph of peN- or per- or none of them. This paper will examine existing theories and research relevant to this issue.
Co-Authors Francis Borgias Alip, Francis Borgias