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All Journal International Journal of Environment, Engineering, and Education
Israa Jafar
University of Kufa
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science

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Chemical Specifications for Raw Materials Used in The Kufa Cement Industry in Iraq Jameel Al-Naffakh; Mohammed Al-Fahham; Israa Jafar
International Journal of Environment, Engineering and Education Vol 2 No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Three E Science Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55151/ijeedu.v2i1.23

Abstract

This paper aims to provide background information on raw materials included in the cement industry that have chemically examined. The raw materials entering the factory examined, which include stone, crude oil, iron dust, sand, and gypsum, as it found that the total carbonate ratio is 89 percent as a weight ratio and the sulfide is smaller or equal to 1 percent as a weight ratio, and the magnesium carbonate is smaller or equal to 3 percent. For iron dust with sand, the total carbonates of the mixture were smaller or equal to 85 percent, and magnesium carbonate was smaller or equal to 3 percent. Silica oxide also examined in the sand were the results of the examination were greater than 85 percent. For sulfide oxide smaller than 1 percent, as well as for iron dust, the proportion of oxide Ferric is higher than 55 percent, the percentage of alumina oxide is less than 10 percent, silica oxide is less than 20 percent, as well as for crude oil, as it contains less than 4 percent of sulfide oxide, as well as primary and secondary gypsum examination, and it found that sulfide oxide is greater than 31 percent if the gypsum is Secondary and greater than 42 percent if the gypsum is primary. Materials are non-soluble smaller than 8 percent if it was secondary gypsum and less than 5 percent if the primary gypsum. Where these models examined and analyzed, and the storage location of the models examined was determined.
Process and Impact of Combustion on Cement Oxide Minerals: An Experimental Study Jameel Al-Naffakh; Israa Jafar
International Journal of Environment, Engineering and Education Vol 2 No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Three E Science Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55151/ijeedu.v2i2.24

Abstract

The main stages of the primary materials are that feed the furnaces to form the mineral compounds of cement, which are the stage of drying the materials from water at a temperature of 100 degree Celsius and moving to the crystallization area at a temperature of 550 degree Celsius. Thus, the free lime begins to break down the calcium carbonate by interacting with silica and clay compounds to form (C2S) at a temperature 900 degree Celsius. In the transition region at a temperature of 1260 degree Celsius begins the formation of liquid compounds (C3A, C4AF), where the formation of a compound (C2S) continues and begins to form a compound (C3S). When the temperature rises at 1450 degree Celsius, the formation of the vehicles is complete, and this depends on the quality of the blended raw materials that affect the life of the firing blocks and the fuel consumption. As for the silica coefficient, it has a major role in determining the clinker quality, as the best silica coefficient (2.7) was obtained, as well as the best coefficient of alumina (1.38), as well as obtaining the best lime saturation coefficient (0.96) and the percentage of magnesium oxide not exceeding 5 percent, thus stabilizing the ratio Magnesium oxide to form the best burning plants (108). The difference in the concentration of substances leads to an incomplete chemical reaction and this affects the size of the resulting crystals.
Co-Authors Jameel Al-Naffakh Mohammed Al-Fahham