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CLASS STRUGGLE AS A REACTION TOWARD THE SOCIAL CONDITION IN CAPITALIST SOCIETY AS REFLECTED IN GEORGE BERNARD SHAW’S PYGMALION Tuaderu, Yohanes
Jurnal KATA Vol 1, No 1 (2017): Jurnal Kata : Penelitian tentang Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra
Publisher : Lembaga Layanan Pendidikan Tinggi (LLDIKTI) Wilayah X

Class struggle is a collective reaction of the workers toward the inhumane treatments applied by the capitalists. The collectiveness creates group awareness of the workers as an exploited ‘class’. This awareness, in turn, stimulates working class struggle to oppose the capitalists’ pressure and exploitation. By employing sociological approach, Pygmalion – a play of five acts written by George Bernard Shaw – is considered as one of the literary pieces of the early twentieth century that portrays the social condition of British society at the era when capitalism reached its height. Shaw himself is a socialist who supports the working class struggle through propaganda, public lectures, critical essays, and literary works that attack the human exploitation in industrial sphere.This is a qualitative research using Marxist criticism which is theorized by various scholars to analyze the struggle of Liza Doolittle – the main character in Pygmalion –as the portrait of the unstopped struggle of the working class to have their rights which are deliberately ignored by the capitalists. This theory is considered as the most appropriate instrument to analyze Shaw’s masterpiece, Pygmalion, since Shaw himself is a well-known British socialist who strived for the social reform indicated by the presence of democracy, the admission of human rights, the just distribution of social welfare, and the reasonable respect to individual freedom.This research found that the social condition in England in the end of 19th century to the early 20th century was mostly affected by the practice of human exploitation in industrial environment. This conditions caused dehumanization and serious poverty suffered by the working class. Class struggle, then, became a spirit that generated the laborers to free themselves from poverty, to release themselves from the capitalists’ oppression, and to gain the admission that they are equal with other human beings in society.

Racism in Harper Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird Harianto Andri; Yohanes Tuaderu
LINGUA LITERA : journal of english linguistics and literature Vol 4 No 1 (2019): Lingua Litera
Publisher : STBA Prayoga Padang

This article presents Harper Lee’s concern on racism reflected in the novel To Kill A Mockingbird. This research aims to scrutinize the view point of the main character – Scout – about racism. There are two problems to discuss: first, the society’s influence to the development of racism, and second, the social relation between Whites and Blacks. The discussion is begun with the description of the social conflict in America in 1930s at a glance using habitus theory and symbolic violence by Pierre Bourdieu. Habitus theory is used to analyze the influence of society to the emergence of racism, and the symbolic violence is used to highlight the social relation of whites and blacks. The analysis is conducted by applying library research method to collect information and data related to the discussion. After finishing the research, the writers find that the social condition in 1930s supported the growth of racism in Southern part of the USA. The great depression in economic field also made racism grew faster. Consequently, the blacks became the victims of white prejudice and discrimination.

Social Class Segregation in American Society As Portrayed in Edward Albee’s The Zoo Story Lamria Butar-butar; Yohanes Tuaderu
LINGUA LITERA : journal of english linguistics and literature Vol 2 No 2 (2017): Lingua Litera
Publisher : STBA Prayoga Padang

This paper discusses about social class segregation in American Society especially in Manhattan as portrayed in The Zoo Story written by Edward Albee in 1958. The segregation can be seen through the social intercourse between Peter and Jerry, the main characters in this play. These characters are positioned in different social class because of the difference of educational and economic background. The writers use various sources to enrich their perspective and analysis taken from books and online sources. This research stands on the sociological side to view the problem why segregation may occur in real social life. To develop a good elaboration on the data found in the drama, the writers use sociological theory proposed by Pierre Bourdieu that focuses on educational and economic capital as the main factors to segregate people in human society. After conducting the research, the writers found that there is a social class segregation in American Society which is depicted in The Zoo Story. This fact encourages most Americans to realize the what-so-called American Dream which aims to have a good and happy life based on freedom and equality in all aspects of life without considering the race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, gender, religion, employment status, and so on.

Class Distinction and Its Social Implication in Capitalist Society as Depicted in George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion Yohanes Tuaderu
LINGUA LITERA : journal of english linguistics and literature Vol 1 No 1 (2015): Lingua Litera
Publisher : STBA Prayoga Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55345/stba1.v1i1.40

Class distinction is a differentiation of social class in capitalist society in which the dominant class i.e., the capital owners exploit the subordinate class i.e., the working class to gain big economic profit in the process of mass production. The extreme class distinction results in form of bad treatments such as low wages, long working hours (12 to 19 hours per day), and the imposition of bad discipline and fine system. The objective of this research was to reveal the class distinction encountered by the main character – Liza Doolittle – in George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion as a reflection of a real social condition in capitalist society. In fact, this condition has brought along with it some social implications toward the society such as dehumanization, human exploitation, and poverty that affectsocial life of British people all over the country. This was a qualitative research using two main theories i.e., 1) Theory of Homology postulated by Lucien oldmann which was used to prove the interdependent relationship between the society which is told in Shaw’s Pygmalion and the real society in England, and 2) Marxist criticism of some scholars which is utilized to analyze class distinction in Pygmalion which is assumed as the portrait of the unstopped struggle of the proletariat to achieve their rights ignored by the bourgeoisie for hundreds of years. The result of the study showed that the social condition in England in the end of nineteenth century to the early twentieth century was mostly affected by the practice of class distinction and human exploitation in industry sphere. Meanwhile, the class struggle which was experienced by the main character of Pygmalion was the portrait of the struggle of the working class to free themselves from poverty, to release them from the capitalist’ oppression, and to gain the admission from the society that they have equal dignity as other human beings in society.

BAD FAITH IN DAVID EBERSHOFF’S THE DANISH GIRL Vanessa Marcelina; Yohanes Tuaderu
LINGUA LITERA : journal of english linguistics and literature Vol 7 No 1 (2022): Journal Lingua Litera
Publisher : STBA Prayoga Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55345/stba1.v7i1.120

Abstract Different people would have different perspectives on the meaning and purpose of life; some are scared to pursue it, while so me are keenen ough to explore. Any how, they all have to be responsible for the decision they choose. The Danish Girl, written by David Ebershoff, tells the story of a man and his journey to be coming a woman. As a man who has a feminine tendency, Einar Wegener lives his life as a man in bad faith to avoid unpleasant social interaction. As he gains the consciousness of his life’s meaning, he uses his freedom to decide to attempt to beauthentic. This research is conducted with a philosophical approach utilizing the existentialism theory of Jean-Paul Sartre. Sartre believed that human existence precedesessence, which means human beings are born without any principle. Consequently, they have to find their meaning and purposein life. The concept of bad faith isused to describe Einar’s life as a man. His transition to be coming a woman is analyzed with the concepts of authenticity and freedom. This research found that Einar Wegener’s life as a man is a form of bad faith. His authentic self is in the form of a woman named Lili. After containing his feminine side, Einar decided to transform fully into awomanintheact of fulfilling his meaning and purpose in life. Despiteh is failure at living authentically, he had the full consciousness to understand himself and had attempted to achieveit.

THE WELL-FORMED HABITUS OF REFUGEE’S CHILDREN Fathya Diana Maritza; Yohanes Tuaderu
LINGUA LITERA : journal of english linguistics and literature Vol 7 No 2 (2022): Journal Lingua Litera
Publisher : STBA Prayoga Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55345/stba1.v7i2.167

Abstract Habitus is an action that is influenced by the surrounding environment that results in practices. This article will show the process of forming a well-formed habitus and the influence of a well-formed habitus on the social life of refugees children. This article uses the sociological theory by Pierre Felix Bourdieu by using several concepts such as Habitus, Capital, and Field. In this research, the writer used qualitative methods in the form of words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs and also used descriptive methods in the form of descriptive analysis. The results showed that the process of forming a well-formed habitus in refugees children resulted in the habit of fondness for learning and the habit of using English which developed into a habitus for refugees children; love of gaining knowledge, diligence in studying, and the ability to speak English fluently. In addition, thisresearch also shows the influence of the well-formed habitus of children in the Dadaab refugee camp on their social life; a wider and more profitable relationships as well as being superior in material and immaterial wealth which determines the structure and social status of refugee children.

WOMEN INDEPENDENCE IN LOUISA MAY ALCOTT`S LITTLE WOMEN Intan Intan; Yohanes Tuaderu
LINGUA LITERA : journal of english linguistics and literature Vol 8 No 1 (2023): Journal Lingua Litera
Publisher : STBA Prayoga Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55345/stba1.v8i1.189

Abstract This study aims to analyze the independence of women based on the novel Little Women by Louisa May Alcott. The novel tells a life story of four female teenagers in the March Family with Jo March – the main character – who struggles to become an independent woman. The writers are interested in the characterization of Jo who dominates her three other sisters in take the initiative to do things and in deciding the best solution whenever they face problems in the situation of the absence of their father who is still in military duty. By applying feminist existentialism theory postulated by Simone de Beauvoir, the writers analyze the forms of women independence that trigger Jo to be independent from the perspective of objectivity and transcendence. This research is qualitative research from which the data are taken from the novel and other online supporting sources. All the data are interpreted byutilizing descriptive method that views a situation or phenomenon in the novel as something important to be described based on the research problems. In the end of the research, the writers found that the triggers that encourage Jo March to become independent are the limitation of freedom in women life and social rules that demand women to get married with rich men or any men of the established class to improve a family’s social class and livingstandard as well. Besides that, this research also found that the ways that direct women to be independent is obeying mother’s advice and guidance. Mother is a woman who always dreams the best future for her children. Jo’s mother does this role very well.

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