Narendra Jumadil Haikal Ramadhan
UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

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THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION POLICY IN INDONESIA: A LITERATURE REVIEW Narendra Jumadil Haikal Ramadhan; Suti'ah; Abdul Aziz
Esteem Journal of English Education Study Programme Vol. 7 No. 1: Esteem Journal of English Education Study Programme
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Palembang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31851/esteem.v7i1.15702

Abstract

This study seeks to gain a thorough understanding of the essential elements of inclusive education policy in Indonesia, as well as the obstacles faced in putting inclusive education into practice. This study used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to collect and analyze data from 25 relevant articles on the topic under study and then selected 5 articles per topic. The findings show that there are several key components to ensuring equitable access to education for all children, including those with disabilities or special needs. However, the implementation of this policy is faced with various challenges, such as limited community involvement, lack of infrastructure and experts, inadequate teacher competence, limited teaching time, and policy misunderstandings and inconsistencies.
HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC THEOLOGY Narendra Jumadil Haikal Ramadhan; Muhammad Zainul Haqi; Yusuf Hanafi
Al-Masail: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): June: Al-Masail: Journal of Islamic Studies
Publisher : CV. Fahr Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61677/al-masail.v2i2.206

Abstract

This study aims to trace the historical development of theology in Islam and identify the factors that influence the emergence of various theological schools in Islam. This research also aims to understand how different theological views affect the way of thinking and lifestyle of Muslims. The research method used is the historical method which includes four stages: heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The results show that the development of Islamic theology can be divided into three main periods: classical, medieval, and modern. In the classical period, the rational and scientific Sunnatullah theology flourished, resulting in high productivity in various fields. However, in the medieval period, the fatalistic theology of Jabariyah dominated, causing a decline in theological thought. In the modern period, Islamic thinkers such as Sayyid Ahmad Khan, Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi, Muhammad Abduh, and Hasan Hanafi tried to adapt Islamic teachings to the changing times through a rational and contextual approach. They emphasized the importance of ijtihad and reassessment of the language and historical context of classical theology to answer the challenges of modernity. This research contributes to enriching contemporary Islamic studies with in-depth insights into the evolution of theological thought in Islam.