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Sintesis Hidroksiapatit Dari Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) Cangkang Telur Ayam Melalui Proses Sol Gel Dengan Variasi Rasio Ca/P Dan Konsentrasi Asam Nitrat Adrian, Melisa; A, Yelmida; Zultiniar, Zultiniar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 4, No 2 (2017): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2017
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO 4)6(OH)2 is a compound of calcium phosphate which is a bioactive ceramic material with high bioafinity and anorganic components main constituent of bones and teeth. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) can be used as a bone implant, adsorbents and catalysts. Hydroxyapatite synthesis can be performed by using raw materials which is rich in calcium such as egg shell. Calcium in the form of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) on the chicken egg shell in this study changed to be precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) through the process of carbonation. PCC from chicken egg shells used as a source of calcium in the synthesis of HAp with a sol gel method. In the synthesis of HAp, Ca and P ratio varied from reactant (Ca/P: 1.57; 1.67; and 1.77) and the concentration of HNO 3 (0.3M; 0.4M; 0.5M) at the stage of PCC dissolution. The analysis result of HAp synthesis with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that the apatite compound has been formed with the absorption of PO4 3- and OH - ion at the wave number 1,025 and 3,625 cm -1. The highest transmittance obtained on the sample at the concentration of 0.4M HNO3 with the ratio Ca/P 1.77; a concentration of 0.5M HNO3 with the ratio of Ca/P 1.67 and a concentration of 0.3M HNO3 with the ratio Ca/P 1.57. Based on X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, the best HAp obtained in ratio of Ca/P 1.77 and concentration of HNO 3 0.4M with hexagonal crystal structure, with particle size was 46.06 nm. SEM-EDX photograph showed the morphological form of agglomerates. The mole ratio of Ca and P hydroxyapatite from PCC of egg shell was 1.55 and 8.968 m 2/g surface area.Keywords: Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC), Chicken Egg Shell, Hydroxyapatite, Sol gel Method

Pengaruh Variasi Kecepatan Pengadukan Terhadap Hasil Pada Pembuatan Asam Oksalat Dari Bahan Dasar Ampas Tebu Nababan, Febrina; Zultiniar, Zultiniar; Herman, Syamsu
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Bagasse is a waste from the processing of sugar cane into sugar. The growing number of bagasse quantitatively into environmental problems that require attention and special handling. Bagasse contains cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Cellulose which contained in bagasse can be processed into useful products as oxalic acid by smelting with sodium hydroxide. Oxalic acid manufacturing process started from bagasse smelting mesh size of 40 by 15 grams with NaOH 4N for 75 minutes with a melting temperature of 180 Â°C and a long time stirring 20 minutes with stirring speed variations were 300, 400, 500 and 600 rpm. This research showed that 4.333 % yield of oxalic acid was produced at 600 rpm. Also, it indicated the stirring speed did not influence the oxalic acid yield. Keywords: Bagasse, cellulose, oxalic acid, sulfate acid, sodium hydroxide

Sintesis Hidroksiapatit Melalui Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) Dari Cangkang Kerang Darah Dengan Metode Hidrotermal Pada Variasi Waktu Reaksi Dan Rasio Ca/P Ichsan, Raja Heru Nur Alam; Helwani, Zuchra; Zultiniar, Zultiniar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Potential of waste blood cockle shell in Indonesia is quite large. Waste of blood cockle shell contains calcium carbonate compounds that can be used as raw material for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite . In this research, the PCC synthesis of blood cockle shell in advance to obtain a pure hydroxyapatite. The aim of this research was to get the hydroxyapatite from PCC blood cockle shell, determine optimum process condition and also to investigate the effect of the Ca/P mole ratio and the reaction time toward Hydroxyapatite synthesis. The powder of sea shell was calcined at 900 oC for 2 hours. CaO was converted to PCC which then reacted with diammonium hydrogen phosphate by using water as solvent. The samples then were characterized by using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). The functional groups were observed in the FTIR of the synthesized hydroxyapatite are phosphate (PO43-), hydroxyl (OH-), and carbonate (CO32-). These functional groups indicate that hydroxyapatite has been formed. XRD data showed the main peaks for hydroxyapatite that strenghtened the truth of FTIR characterization. SEM was used to observe the morphology of the synthesized hydroxyapatite that consisted of agglomerates. The optimum conditions in this research is the synthesis of HAp with a ratio of Ca / P 1,61 and 20 hours reaction time with a particle size of hydroxyapatite 39,43 nm, conversion 91,99% and yield 96,66 %.Keywords : Blood cockle shell, Hydroxyapatite, Hydrothermal, Precipitated calcium carbonate

Pengaruh Perbandingan Kitosan Dan Selulosa Dari Serat Daun Nanas (Ananas comosus) Terhadap Pembuatan Bioplastik Ani, Tengku Urai; Amri, Idral; Zultiniar, Zultiniar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2019
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Pineapple leaf waste can be utilized as a raw material for synthesis of bioplastic. the objective from this research was to determine effect of comparison of chitosan and cellulose from pineapple leaf fiber in synthesis of bioplastic and also to determine the good composition of comparison who based on mechanical properties of bioplastic. This research began by extracting cellulose from pineapple leaf fiber in three stages. The first stage was alkaline treatment (delignification), pineapple leaf fiber were cut in size ± 5 mm. Then 400 ml of 1M NaOH was added in 40 grams of fiber and heated at 80°C for 4 hours then washed and filtered. The second stage was bleaching, result of delignification process was dissolved in 5% NaOCl for 3 hours at 30°C then filtered. The third stage of acid treatment, the results of bleaching added 3% HCl and heated at 60°C for 1 hour then filtered and dried so that cellulose was obtained. Furthermore, synthesis of bioplastics was made by mixing PVA 10%, cellulose 1 gram and chitosan with comparison of chitosan: cellulose was 4:10; 5:10; 6:10. Then bioplastic mixture heated and stirred at 70°C for 20 minutes then printed on the glass mold. Repeat the synthesis for cellulose 2 gram. The good composition results in this study were chitosan with a ratio of 5:10, cellulose 2 grams and PVA 10%. Where the results of the tensile strength, elongation, biodegradation and water uptake produced were 15.36 MPa, 10%, 28.44% for 2 weeks and 82.17% respectively. The results of the analysis of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) bioplastics showed that the surface of the bioplastic looks homogeneous and by using the ImageJ application the average of cellulose particle size was 0.246 µm. Keywords: bioplastic, cellulose, chitosan, pineapple leaf fiber, pineapple leaf waste.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Filler Serat Daun Nanas (Ananas comosus) Dan PVA (Polivinil Alkohol) Pada Sintesis Bioplastik Dari Pati Biji Nangka Pane, Dewi Sriana S; Amri, Idral; Zultiniar, Zultiniar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2019
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Pineapple leaf fiber consists of about 70-80% wt cellulose giving its high tensile strength and elastic modulus for bioplastics. To increased the elongation of bioplastic, starch has to be mixed with other synthetic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The aimed of this research was to determine the effect of various pineapple leaf fiber and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentration to the mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation, modulus young and tear strength), water uptake, biodegradation and morphology. Bioplastics were made by mixing of starch of jackfruit seed, water, filler and plasticizer with variation of fiber were 0 (%w/w), 2 (%w/w), 4 (%w/w), 6 (%w/w), 8 (%w/w), and 10 (%w/w) and ratios starch: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were 1:1 and 1:1,5. The results revealed that the filler fiber and PVA gave an impact to mechanical properties of bioplastic, the best mechanical properties was on bioplastic with composition starch:PVA 1:1 and filler 8 (%w/w) with tensile strength 15,79 MPa, and modulus young 1967,01 MPa and tear strength 3,4021 Kgf. The best water uptake of bioplastic is 32,5 % and the fastest degradation time on bioplastic with composition fiber 10 (%w/w) and ratio starch:PVA 1:1,5 in 7 days. SEM analysis showed that filler distribution was not spreading evenly on matrices. Keywords: jackfruit seed, bioplastic, starch, polyvinyl alcohol, pineapple leaf fiber

Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Pulp Dan Kertas Dengan Metode Advanced Oxidation Process Berbasis Sulphate Radical (Sr-Aop) Menggunakan Katalis Nitrogen-Doped Three-Dimensional Carbon Framework (3D NCF) Apriliani, Marissa; Saputra, Edy; Zultiniar, Zultiniar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2019
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Wastewater of pulp and paper industry has low BOD5/COD ratio (average 0,3) while good biodegradability value was considered in the range over 0,5. These data indicate that lignin and its derivatives in the effluents exhibit slow degradation kinetics for conventional treatment process. There is an increasing interest in utilization of sulphate radical based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOP) for destruction of slow degrading compounds. SR-AOP is based on the production of sulphate radicals as oxidizing agents. Sulphate radical can produce by activation of peroxymonosulfate. Metal free catalyst have been employed as the more effective activators for peroxymonosulfate to generate sulfate radical because the negative effect of leaching ions from heterogeneous metal catalyst can not fully neglected. Nitrogen doped three dimensional carbon framework (3D NCF) as metal free catalyst has been synthesized by annealing a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67), followed by removing the cobalt metal. Physical properties were characterized by several techniques such as XRD. Effect the concentration of catalyst (0,1-0,4 g/L) was investigated in this research. Result indicating that 3D NCF exhibited remarkable degradation activity with the efficiency degradation of COD up to 88,22 % within 120 minutes at condition 0,4 g/L catalyst, 2,0 g/L PMS, 30oC and stirred constantly at 400 rpm. Keywords: advanced oxidation processes, metal free catalyst, nitrogen-doped three dimensional carbon, peroxymonosulfate, wastewater of pulp and paper

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