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All Journal Narra J
Anandita, Faizal A.
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Effect of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein exposure on ACE2 and interleukin 6 productions in human adipocytes: An in-vitro study Ardiana, Meity; Suryawan, I GR.; Hermawan, Hanestya O.; Harsono, Primasitha M.; Shafira, Aisya A.; Anandita, Faizal A.
Narra J Vol. 3 No. 3 (2023): December 2023
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v3i3.284

Abstract

Since adipocytes play a crucial role in pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) infection due to their interaction with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), obesity is associated with an increased risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality. Discovery of ACE2 as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor raises a controversy about whether to use ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) could be an optional therapy to prevent cytokine storms. Studies assessing the expressions of ACE2 and IL-6 upon exposure to SARS‑CoV‑2 is therefore important as a basis for therapeutical trials in the future. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein exposure on the production of ACE2 and IL-6 in adipocyte cells. Adipocytes were collected from abdominal adipose tissues of healthy and obese 45-year-old male donor having neither a history of SARS‑CoV‑2 infection nor COVID-19 vaccination. After being stained using the oil red O protocol, the viable adipocytes were then exposed to S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The levels of ACE2 and IL-6 were then examined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed significant increase of ACE2 (90.22 µg/mL) and IL-6 level (60.01 µg/mL) in human adipocytes upon exposure compared to unexposed control cells (ACE2 13.33 µg/mL; IL-6 21.33 µg/mL), both comparisons had p<0.001). This study provides insight into the basic mechanism of severe COVID-19 symptoms in obese patients and provides a basic information of the potential of ACE inhibitors as an optional therapy for COVID-19 patients with obesity.
Perindopril decreases angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression in human adipocytes exposed to SARS-CoV-2 S1 spike protein Harsoyo, Primasitha M.; Ardiana, Meity; Hermawan, Hanestya O.; Purnamasari, Yeni; Anandita, Faizal A.
Narra J Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): August 2024
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v4i2.746

Abstract

The expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the adipose tissues of obese patients needs further study, as it may aid infection and serve as a viral reservoir. There has been controversy over whether to use ACE inhibitors to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. Perindopril, an ACE2 inhibitor, has been proposed; however, its relationship with COVID-19 has not yet been clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of perindopril to reduce the expression of ACE2 and pro-inflammatory cytokine in adipocytes exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Enzymatic isolation of adipose tissues was performed from obese male donor patients aged 30–50 years, then exposed it with SARS-CoV-2 S1 spike protein. This study also included human recombinant ACE2 (hrsACE2) as a comparison to perindopril. The expression of ACE2 was evaluated using ELISA. Our data indicated that SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein exposure increased ACE2 expression significantly. Administration of perindopril decreased ACE2 expression (43.37 µg/mL) significantly compared to the positive group (80.31 µg/mL) (p<0.001). Perindopril administration also decreased IL-6 levels significantly compared to positive group(p<0.001).  This study highlights that perindopril could reduce the ACE2 expression and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in adipocytes exposed to SARS-CoV-2 S1 spike protein.
Low-FODMAP diet on postprandial distress syndrome type of functional dyspepsia with mixed type of irritable bowel syndrome patient: A case report Djatioetomo, Anastasia K.; Maharani, Andi RK.; Djatioetomo, Yovita CED.; Nurrochmawati, Zidny; Anandita, Faizal A.
Narra J Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): August 2024
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v4i2.759

Abstract

Functional dyspepsia is a complex collection of symptoms from the gastroduodenal, while irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disease that chronically weakens gastrointestinal. The occurrences of both of these diseases are common; however, the new approach therapy introducing the low-FODMAP diet (low fructose, oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols) is rarely discussed. The aim of this case report was to present a case of functional dyspepsia with IBS mixed type treated with a low-FODMAP diet. A female 37 years old reported complaints of heartburn worsening over the last seven months. Based on IBS-symptom severity scale (IBS-SSS) assessment, the patient had 75% scale on belly pain and 50% abdominal distention, which interfered the daily activity significantly. The patient was diagnosed with functional dyspepsia subtype postprandial distress syndrome with IBS mixed type. In addition, the low-FODMAP diet was started immediately, together with pharmacological therapy (oral omeprazole and domperidone), and followed up each week. On the first week of evaluation, the patient was feeling much better as IBS-SSS assessment scores decreased, and the pharmacological therapy was stopped. On the second week of evaluation, the patient had no more complaints with IB-SSS assessment markedly decreased. This case highlights that low-FODMAP diet could be a new approach therapy for IBS that could improve the IBS symptoms.
Co-Authors Ardiana, Meity Djatioetomo, Anastasia K. Djatioetomo, Yovita CED. Harsono, Primasitha M. Harsoyo, Primasitha M. Hermawan, Hanestya O. Maharani, Andi RK. Nurrochmawati, Zidny Shafira, Aisya A. Suryawan, I GR. Yeni Purnamasari, Yeni