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PRESTASI ULAMA PADA ERA STAGNASI PEMIKIRAN FIQHI Rustina N Rustina N
Jurnal Studi Islam Vol 10, No 2 (2021): Desember
Publisher : Pascasarjana IAIN Ambon

This study aims to describe the condition of Islamic law when it arrived at the era and period of Islamic jurisprudence. stagnant, starting in the middle of the 4th century H until the XII century H. and analyzing the factors that caused the taqlid attitude and how the role of the fiqhi scholars in this era. Types of qualitative descriptive research, including library research, namely research in which all data, both primary and secondary data, are obtained from the literature, in the form of books or books related to the research subject. The data analysis was carried out through content analysis techniques, namely the effort to describe and analyze in depth the contents of a written or printed information objectively and systematically to reveal the message contained in it. The results of this study are the causes of taqlid attitudes are the students' strong fanaticism towards teachers, school fanaticism, court institutions that are suppressed based on certain schools of thought, and the publication of fiqhi codification works of priests, moral decadence that occurs widely so that the door to ijtihad is closed. The activities of the ulama as scientific achievements have brought a fragrance and raised their degrees, namely mentakhrij illat-illat law which has been assigned by the priests of the schools so that the basics of thought (ushul fiqh) of their schools become clear, conduct tarjih of various differences of opinion, conduct discussions and debates. which gave birth to writings on the ethics of debating, as well as codifying in the form of al-masanid, al-mustadrak, mukhtasar, hawasy, takmilat, fiqhi, ushul fiqh, and fatawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kondisi hukum Islam ketika sampai pada era dan periode stagnan, dimulai pertengahan abad ke-4 H sampai abad XII H. dan menganalisis faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya sikap taqlid tersebut dan bagaimana peran para ulama fiqhi pada era ini. Tipe Penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, termasuk penelitian pustaka yakni penelitian yang seluruh datanya, baik data primer maupun data sekunder diperoleh dari literatur kepustakaan, berupa buku-buku atau kitab yang berkaitan dengan subyek penelitian. Adapun analisis data dilakukan melalui teknik analisis isi, yaitu usaha menguraikan dan menganalisis secara mendalam isi suatu informasi tertulis atau tercetak secara obyektif dan sistematis untuk mengungkapkan pesan yang terkandung di dalamnya. Hasil penelitian ini adalah penyebab sikap taqlid adalah sikap fanatisme yang kuat murid-murid kepada guru, fanatisme mazhab, lembaga pengadilan yang ditekan berpedoman pada mazhab tertentu, dan terbitnya karya kodifikasi fiqhi para imam, dekadensi akhlaq yang terjadi secara luas sehingga pintu ijtihad pun ditutup. Aktifitas ulama sebagai prestasi ilmiah yang telah membawa harum serta mengangkat derajat mereka, yaitu mentakhrij illat-illat hukum yang telah diistimbathkan para imam mazhab sehingga dasar-dasar pemikiran (ushul fiqh) mazhab mereka menjadi jelas, melakukan tarjih berbagai perbedaan pendapat, melakukan diskusi dan debat yang melahirkan karya tulis tentang etika berdebat, serta melakukan kodifikasi dalam bentuk al-masanid, al-mustadrak, mukhtasar, hawasy, takmilat, fiqhi, ushul fiqh, dan fatawaa.

OTORITAS HADIS AHAD DAN KRITERIA KESHAHIHANNYA PERSPEKTIF MUHAMMAD AL-GHAZALI DALAM KITAB AL-SUNNAH Al-AL-NABAWIYYAH BAIN AHL AL-FIQH WA AHL AL-ḤADĪṠ Rustina N. Rustina N.
Jurnal Studi Islam Vol 10, No 1 (2021): Juli
Publisher : Pascasarjana IAIN Ambon

This study aims to describe and analyze Muhammad al-Ghazali's thoughts on the authority of the hadith ahad and the criteria for authenticity of the hadith formulated in the book al-Sunnah al-Nabawiyah Baina ahl al-Fiqh wa Ahl al-Ḥadīṡ The main issues raised are 1) how Muhammad's thoughts al-Ghazali about the authority of the hadith ahad and the criteria for its authenticity, 2) how is the method of criticism of Muhammad al-Ghazali in relation to the understanding of the Prophet's Hadith. This type of research is library research, which uses literature in the form of books and articles as primary data sources and secondary data sources, data collection techniques are direct and indirect citations. The data analysis technique used is content analysis, which is an effort to describe and analyze in depth the content of written or printed information objectively and systematically. The results of this study are 1) Al-Ghazali set five criteria as requirements in the hadith to be accepted properly; three criteria related to sanad and two criteria related to matan (hadith material). The three criteria related to the sanad are; a. dhabit narrator, b. Fair narrator, c. Points one and two must be owned by all narrators in the sanad. He did not include the continuity of the chain as a criterion for the validity of the hadith, because according to him this element had actually entered into the criteria for point two. Criteria related to matan, are: a) Matter of hadith is not syā (one or more of the narrators contradict their narration with a narrator who is more accurate and more reliable), b) Matan hadith does not contain illat qadhihah, i.e. deficiencies that are known by hadith experts so they reject the history of a narrator. 2) Al-Ghazali's method in critiquing the hadiths goes through four steps, namely testing with the Qur'an, testing with Hadith, testing with historical facts, and testing with scientific truth.

PERBANDINGAN DUA KITAB SYARAH ṢAḤĪḤ AL-BUKHĀRĪ: FATḤ AL-BĀRĪ DAN ‘UMDAT AL-QĀRĪ Rustina N Rustina N
Jurnal Studi Islam Vol 10, No 2 (2021): Desember
Publisher : Pascasarjana IAIN Ambon

This paper aims to describe the method adopted by Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani and Badr al-Din al-Aini in explaining the meaning and content of the traditions of the Prophet. in his two syarah books, respectively, Fath al-Bari Syarah Sahih al-Bukhari and the book Umdat al-Qari syarah Sahih al-Bukhari. Furthermore, a comparison is made to find the similarities and differences of the two books so that the advantages and privileges of each can be known. In this study, a qualitative descriptive method was used. Is a type of library research whose data comes from literature in the form of books Data analysis was carried out using content analysis techniques. The results of this study; The similarities are found in the two books using the tahliliy and muqaran methods, which explain the meaning of the content of hadith from various aspects the strongest; put forward the asbab al-wurud hadith and relate it to the appropriate verse. These two books also state differences in the pronunciation of hadith in other narrations, and compare the opinions of the scholars in each discussion. The difference is, Fath al-Bari covers a lot of scientific discussion, including contextual analysis by looking at the asbab wurud hadith or doing grammatical analysis, and the socio-cultural conditions of society when a hadith appears. The approach used in Syar Fatḥ al-Bārī uses a linguistic, multi-disciplinary, and historical approach. Meanwhile, Umdat al-Qari is more dominated by linguistic aspects, both grammatical aspects and i'rab, sharfi, bayan and ma'aniy aspects, so this book can be said to use a linguistic approach or style (linguistics). In terms of writing techniques in Fath al-Bari found repeated explanations (mukarrar) in several places without any additional explanation. Al-Aini to be more consistent in the application of systematics. In various places to clarify his syarah, al-Aini applies the question and answer method so that it is called a characteristic of this book.Tulisan ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan metode yang ditempuh oleh Ibnu Hajar al-Asqalani dan Badr al-Din al-Aini dalam menjelaskan makna hadis-hadis Nabi saw. dalam dua kitab syarahnya masing-masing, Fath al-Bari Syarah Shahih al-Bukhari dan kitab Umdat al-Qari Syarah Shahih al-Bukhari. Selanjutnya dilakukan perbandingan untuk menemukan persamaan dan perbedaan dua kitab tersebut sehingga dapat diketahui keunggulan dan keistimewaan masing-masing. Dalam kajian ini digunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Merupakan jenis penelitian pustaka yang data-datanya bersumber dari literatur berupa buku atau kitab. Analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik analisis isi. Hasil penelitian ini; Persamaannya ditemukan kedua kitab menggunakan metode tahliliy dan muqaran, yakni menjelaskan makna kandungan hadis dari berbagai aspek mengemukakan asbab al-wurud hadis serta mengaitkan dengan ayat yang sesuai. Kedua kitab ini juga mengemukakan perbedaan lafaz hadis pada riwayat lain, dan membandingkan pendapat para ulam. Perbedaan yaitu, Fath al-Bari banyak mencakup pembahasan ilmiah, meliputi analisis kontekstual dengan melihat asbab wurud atau melalukan analisis gramatika, dan kondisi sosial budaya masyarakat ketika munculnya suatu hadis. Pendekatan yang digunakan Fatḥ al-Bār model pendekatan linguistik, multi disipliner, dan pendekatan historis. Sedangkan Umdat al-Qari lebih didominasi pada pensyarahan aspek kebahasaan, baik aspek gramatika maupun i’rab, sharfi, aspek bayan dan ma’aniy, sehingga disebut bercorak kebahasaan (linguistik). Dari segi teknik penulisan dalam Fath al-Bari ditemukan penjelasan yang berulang (mukarrar) tanpa ada penjelasan tambahan. Al-Aini cenderung lebih konsisten dalam penerapan sistematika Kasus seperti ini tidak ditemukan dalam Umdat al-Qari. Dalam berbagai tempat untuk memperjelas syarahannya al-Aini menerapkan metode tanya jawab sehingga disebut sebagai ciri khas kitab ini.

MUQĀRANAH SEBAGAI METODE MENEMUKAN SHUDHŪDH PADA MATAN HADIS H. Rajab; Rustina N. Rustina N.
Jurnal Studi Islam Vol 9, No 2 (2020): Desember
Publisher : Pascasarjana IAIN Ambon

This study intends to explain shudhūdh and the method of understanding it in the hadith matn. It seems that the research on shudhūdh that has been done by scholars and hadith experts focuses more on the hadith sanad, and leaves the discussion of shudhūdh that is in the hadith matn. This research is a qualitative descriptive study by relying on literature sources. From the research conducted, it is found that shudhūdh is actually the causes that make a hadith matn considered odd because it violates other matn which is more numerous or stronger, after comparisons between all the narrations in that hadith. The hadith whose matn is considered odd is called the shādhdh hadith, while the matn hadith which is more numerous is called the hadith maḥfūż. Comparison between narrators in a hadith is known as the muqaranah method, which has been applied to the matn since the time of the companions of the Prophet. As for the shudhūdh that can make the hadith matn awkward is idrāj, which is an insertion from a companion narrator; iqlāb, namely the interchangeability of the position of a word or sentence in matn; ziyādah, namely the addition of words or sentences from thiqah narrators; iḍṭirāb, which is the discovery of several different matnas without being able to decide which one is stronger or weaker; and taḥrīf and taṣḥīf, namely the occurrence of changes in letters or readings in words or sentences in the matn.

Telaah Kritis Kehadisan Teks “Menuntut Ilmu Di Waktu Kecil Laksana Mengukir Di Atas Batu” Rajab Z; H Rajab; Hj Rustina N
Jurnal Ulunnuha Vol 9, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15548/ju.v9i2.1759

This study aims to determine whether the text "Demanding Knowledge in Childhood is Like Carving on a Rock", whether it is a hadith of the Prophet. or not and to explain the meaning content of the text which is popular in that society. This determination is important because this text is still being debated about its traditions, it is still found in teaching materials in schools and lecture materials of preachers and preachers on the one hand and the threat of the Prophet. against the perpetrators of lies on behalf of the Prophet. on the other. This research is a qualitative descriptive study that relies on literature sources. The research was carried out by first exploring the hadith books to find the existence of the texts in these books and then testing its hadith by using the theory of authenticity of hadiths built by Ibn al-Salah, that a hadith must meet validity rules, namely continuity. sanad, narrators are 'ādil and dābit and avoid illah and shudhudh. From this test, the conclusion is that the text under study was relying on the Prophet. cannot be accounted for, some of the narrations are not based on the Prophet, but on al-Hasan al-Basri, while the narrations that are based directly on the Prophet. the quality is very low, because the sanad is cut off and the transmitters do not have the characteristic 'adālah. However, this historical text does not mean it contains goodness and needs to be removed from the treasury of Muslims. This text is still a good thing, it can be followed and practiced, as long as it does not rely on the Prophet.

STUDI TAHLILIY ATAS HADIS NABI SAW. TENTANG KUALITAS KEIMANAN LINIER DENGAN KUALITAS AKHLAK Hj. Rustina N; Arianto Arianto
al-Iltizam: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam Vol 1, No 2 (2016): al-Iltizam: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam
Publisher : IAIN Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33477/alt.v1i2.197

Ahlak mempunyai eksistensi penting dalam Islam dan nilainya sama pentingnya dengan dimensi Islam yang lain. Akhlak yang baik mengangkat manusia ke derajat yang tinggi dan mulia. Sebaliknya akhlak yang buruk akan membinasakan umat manusia. Manusia yang mempunyai akhlak yang buruk senang melakukan sesuatu yang merugikan orang lain, senang melakukan kekacauan, senang melakukan perbuatan tercela yang akan membinasakan diri dan masyarakat seluruhnya. Dengan demikian akhlak menjadi kunci sukses seseorang di dunia dan di akhirat. Tujuan dari berbagai ibadah dalam Islam, seperti puasa, zakat, shalat dan haji pada dasarnya adalah untuk membentuk akhlak mulia. Jadi, tanpa tanpa akhlak mulia ibadah tersebut akan sia-sia

Model Pembacaan Basmalah pada Surah al-Fâtih?ah dalam Shalat; Kajian Hadis Tah?lîlîy Rustina N
Tafáqquh: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Kajian Keislaman Vol. 6 No. 2 (2018): Desember
Publisher : INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM BANI FATTAH (IAIBAFA)

This hadith through two chain lines; Anas and Mughaffal. For the history of Anas, there is no diversity in his lafadz, except in muwaththa’ having the difference of lafadz because of the other likelihood and the possibility of tanawwu’ in this hadith. While the history of Mughaffal is the diversity of lafadz. This history of Muslim is of shahih and muttashil. There are three versions of basmalah reading model on jahriyah prayer; Shafi’iyyah argues basmalah sunnah read aloud (jahr). With the basis of the argument stating basmalah is the part of al-fatihah that must be read jahr; Some scholars believe basmalah sunnah is read softly (sirr). This is the opinion of al-Bukhari, Muslim, al-Zaila’i, Ibnul Qayyim, Hanafiyyah, and Hanabilah with the basis of absence of the shahih and sharih that the Prophet hardened basmalah reading; and Malikiyyah argues that reading is jahr. Ibn Taymiyah explains that none of the hadith expressly basmalah reading jahr, but there is a history that the Prophet had hardened basmalah readings, so the right is the Prophet sometimes basmalah and sometimes breaks it, but most often it is toss it down so that’s more important. Basmalah is read by jahr because of the existence of a great ally to achieve.

PEMAKNAAN HADIS ANJURAN MENUNTUT ILMU RIWAYAT MUSLIM DARI ABU HURAIRAH DI KALANGAN AKADEMISI KOTA AMBON Rustina Nurdin
Aqlam: Journal of Islam and Plurality Vol 6, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : IAIN Manado

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30984/ajip.v6i2.1611

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the meaning of Ambon City academics on the Prophet's hadith regarding the recommendation to study from Abu Hurairah ra. Muslim history. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The research object of the Prophet's hadith. about suggestions and orders to actively seek knowledge for his people. The research subjects are academics; lecturers, teachers and students who live in the city of Ambon. Determination of informants is done through purposive sampling technique, data collection is done through observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. The data analysis was carried out through two analytical techniques; 1) the analysis of the meaning of the hadith was carried out through the tahliliy method; 2) through qualitative data analysis techniques, namely data display, data verification, data interpretation and drawing conclusions. The results of the study are stated as follows that the meaning of this hadith among academics in Ambon City is in line and in accordance with what has been explained by hadith scholars. Most academics interpret this hadith in a meaningful or contextual way that the science referred to in this hadith is the science of religion and general science (not only religious science), seeking knowledge is like worship which is a basic human spiritual need, and heaven (al-jannah) is meant. is success and happiness that will be obtained in this world and in the hereafter for those who are serious about learning and seeking knowledge. Key Words: hadith; recommendation to study; academics Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemaknaan akademisi Kota Ambon terhadap hadis Nabi saw tetang anjuran menuntut ilmu dari Abu Hurairah ra. riwayat Muslim. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Obyek penelitian hadis Nabi saw. tentang anjuran dan perintah giat mencari ilmu bagi ummatnya. Adapun subyek penelitian adalah akedemisi; dosen, guru dan mahasiswa yang berdomisili di kota Ambon. Penentuan informan dilakukan melalui teknik purposive sampling, pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Adapun analisis data dilakukan melalui dua teknik analisis;1) analisis makna hadis ditempuh melalui metode tahliliy; 2)melalui teknik analisis data kualitatif, yaitu display data, verifikasi data, interpretasi data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian dikemukakan sebagai berikut bahwa pemaknaan hadis ini di kalangan akademisi Kota Ambon sejalan dan sesuai dengan apa yang telah dijelaskan oleh ulama hadis. Sebagian besar akademisi memaknai hadis ini secara maknawiyah atau kontekstual bahwa ilmu yang dimaksud dalam hadis ini adalah ilmu agama dan ilmu umum (bukan hanya ilmu agama), menuntut ilmu ibarat ibadah yang merupakan kebutuhan pokok rohani manusia, serta surga (al-jannah) yang dimaksud adalah kesuksesan dan kebahagiaan yang akan diperoleh di dunia ini maupun di akhirat kelak bagi mereka yang bersungguh-sungguh belajar dan menutut ilmu. Kata Kunci: hadis; anjuran menuntut ilmu; akademisi

MENGENAL MUSNAD AHMAD IBN HANBAL Rustina N
TAHKIM Vol 9, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : IAIN Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33477/thk.v9i2.83

The existence of hadith is very urgent in Islamic law, because hadisth is the second source of Islamic law teachings. In this regard an hadith is worthy made as the source of Islamic law if it meets the validity level both sanad and matan. The validity level of hadith is most varied depending on the writer. One of the Hadith Book is Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal. From the result of study is recognized that there is authentic quality and some are dhaif (weak) hadiths in the Musnad Ahmad bin Hanbal The existence of the hadith dhaif in Musnad Ahmad was influenced by the attitudes and his views that more preceding the weak hadith than opinions or ra'yu. He also allows the use of hadith dhaif as basis in the problem of fadhai ‘amal or basic on the benefit and utility of a practice. Keywords: Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal, validity level of hadith

PERAN ORANG TUA DALAM MEMBENTUK AKHLAK KARIMAH ANAK PADA ERA DIGITAL DI DESA WAIHATU KECAMATAN KAIRATU BARAT Mega Arifatul Alfiah; Rustina N.; Moh. Rahanjamtel
Jurnal Studi Islam Vol 11, No 2 (2022): Desember 2022
Publisher : IAIN Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33477/jsi.v11i2.3912

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara mendalam peran orang tua dalam membentuk akhlak karimah anak di Desa Waihatu Kecamatan Kairatu Barat Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat pada era kemajuan teknologi digital; Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Subyek penelitian terdiri dari kedua orang tua dalam keluarga di Desa Waehatu dari kalangan pegawai, pedagang, dan peternak dari setiap kategori keluarga tersebut ditarik dua keluarga sebagai informan kunci dengan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian bahwa orang tua di Desa Waehatu berperan dengan baik dalam membentuk akhlak karimah anak, yakni ayah dan ibu atau suami dan istri sebagai pendidik dan pemimpin dalam keluarga telah mendididik dan mengarahkan anak mereka berakhlak karimah kepada Allah swt. dan kepada sesama manusia, yakni kedua orang tua. Akhlak Karimah anak di Desa Waehatu kepada Allah swt. yaitu melasankan shalat lima waktu baik di rumah atau di masjid secara berjamaah, ikut serta belajar mengaji dan belajar agama di Taman Pengajian Al-Quran, menghafal ayat al-Qur’an atau surah-surah pendek, taat dan patuh pada orang tua, serta bersikap sopan dan menyayangi orangtuanya dan saudara yang lebih muda. Walaupun dalam keseharian anak-anak di Desa Waehatu tidak dapat melepaskan diri dari bermain dan memakai gadged, yakni HP android yang memberikan dampak negatif pada akhlak dan sikap mereka pada orang tua yang terkadang mengabaikan panggilan atau perintah orang tua untuk segera melaksanakan shalat dan segang bersosialisasi. Peran orang tua sebagai pendidik dan pemimpin, yakni mengajarkan dan menjelaskan ajaran agama kepada anak, memerintahkan dan membiasakan shalat lima waktu, berpuasa dan berdoa, mengantarkan anak mengaji di TPQ, menceritakan kisah-kisah Nabi dan Rasul, melakukan muroja’ah, dan menegur anak jika tidak shalat dan mengaji. Orang tua di Desa Waehatu mendidik anak dengan cara memberikan contoh tauladan tentang akhlak karimah dan membiasakan akhlak karimah kepada anak dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.The purpose of this study is to describe the morals of children in Waihatu Village, West Kairatu District, West Seram Regency in the current era of digital technology advancement. To analyze the role of parents in shaping the character of children in Waihatu Village, West Kairatu District, West Seram Regency in the current era of digital technology advancement. And to describe the inhibiting and supporting factors of the role of parents in educating children in Waihatu Village, West Kairatu District, West Seram Regency. This research uses qualitative research. The results follows: based on the results of interviews with respondents who are willing to be the object of research, it is known that the role of parents in shaping children's morals is 3 namely: aqidah, worship, and morals. Furthermore, parents educate children's morals by giving examples or examples of good morals to children, and parents also get used to good morals to children in daily life, then the role of parents is to strengthen and direct potential in children. By giving explanations about religion to children, taking children to the place of study, telling stories of the Prophets and Apostles, doing muroja'ah, and reprimanding children if they do not recite the Koran.

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