<![CDATA[Aspirasi benda asing adalah kejadian yang sering terjadi terutama pada populasi anak-anak. Kejadian ini dapat membahayakan nyawa sehingga diperlukan tindakan ekstraksi benda asing tersebut dengan segera. Diagnosis pasti dapat terhambat terutama bila dari anamnesa tidak spesifik, ketika orang tua tidak mampu menyadari pentingnya gejala, atau bahkan ketika temuan klinis dan radiologis tidak spesifik atau terlewatkan oleh dokter. Aspirasi bahan organik dapat menyebabkan peradangan mukosa saluran napas berat. Jika bahan organik tidak segera diekstraksi, peradangan kronis akan menyebabkan terbentuknya jaringan granulasi di sekitar benda asing, yang pada akhirnya dapat menyebabkan infeksi paru-paru, baik pneumonia maupun abses. Pada kejadian aspirasi benda asing, tidak jarang pasien datang dengan komplikasi sekunder, seperti demam terus-menerus, “asma”, atau pneumonia berulang untuk waktu yang lama. Pada tulisan ini akan diulas mengenai kejadian aspirasi-benda asing, berbagai samaran klinisnya, tata laksana ekstraksi dan anestesi yang tersedia, serta langkah-langkah yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah aspirasi.
Kata kunci: Aspirasi, benda asing, bronkoskopi
Foreign-body aspiration is a relatively common occurrence in children. It may present as a life-threatening event that necessitates prompt removal of the aspirated material. However, the diagnosis may be delayed when the history is atypical, when parents fail to appreciate the significance of symptoms, or when clinical and radiologic findings are misleading or overlooked by the physician. Aspiration of organic matter causes severe airway mucosal inflammation. If the organic matter is not promptly removed, chronic inflammation leads to the development of granulation tissue around the foreign body, which may ultimately present as a lung infection. In this setting, it is not uncommon to treat patients for secondary complications, such as persistent fever, “asthma,” or recurrent pneumonia for long periods. Here we review the incidence of foreign-body aspiration, its various clinical presentations, its management including anesthesia techniques, and measures we can do to prevent future aspirations.
Key words: Aspiration, foreign body, bronchoscopy
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