IJESS International Journal of Education and Social Science is an international, peer-reviewed journal publishing articles on all aspects of EDUCATION and SOCIAL SCIENCES. IJESS International Journal of Education and Social Science welcomes submissions of the following article types: (1) Papers: reports of high-quality original research with conclusions representing a significant advance, novelty or new finding in the field; (2) Topical Reviews: written by leading researchers in their fields, these articles present the background to and overview of a particular field, and the current state of the art. Topical Reviews are normally invited by the Editorial Board; (3) Comments: comment or criticism on work previously published in the journal. These are usually published with an associated Reply. IJESS International Journal of Education and Social Science publishes four issues per year, published by IPEST, International Peneliti Ekonomi, Sosial dan Teknologi, Indonesia, and published in English. Focus and Scope: IJESS publishes original research from all areas of the Social Sciences (Miscellaneous)