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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 12 Documents
 1   2 
Search results for , issue "Vol 7, No 5 (2021): May" : 12 Documents clear
The Suitability of Bailey Method for Design of Local Asphalt Concrete Mixture Ahmed Fahim Rahi; Amjad Albayati
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 7, No 5 (2021): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091693

Abstract

The study investigated the behaviour of asphalt concrete mixes for aggregate gradations, according to the Iraqi specification using the Bailey method designed by an Excel spreadsheet. In mixing aggregates with varying gradations (coarse and fine aggregate), The Bailey method is a systematic methodology that offers aggregate interlocking as the backbone of the framework and a controlled gradation to complete the blends. Six types of gradation are used according to the bailey method considered in this study. Two-course prepared Asphalt Concrete Wearing and Asphalt Concrete binder, the Nominal Maximum Aggregate Sizes (NMAS) of the mixtures are 19 and 12.5 mm, respectively. The total number of specimens was 240 for both layers (15 samples) for each Chosen Unit Weight (CUW). The Marshall Test results show the increase in stability and decrease in flow and bulk density when the rise in CUW for both courses. In volumetric properties, VMA increases when the increase in CUW. When an increase in CUW air void increases gradually. The permanent deformation for the coarse aggregate (95, 100, 105% CUW) has more resistances than the fine aggregate (80, 85, 90%) wearing and binder coarse. The CUW (105%) blend of wearing, and binder course has a high value of stability and resistance to permanent deformation (11.9, 11.1 kN). The CUW above mentioned is considered a good design aggregate structure and produces improvement to the Marshall properties, leading to better performance for pavement roads and higher resistance to distresses. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091693 Full Text: PDF
Effect of Sediment Feeding on Live-Bed Scour around Circular Bridge Piers Firat Gumgum; Mehmet Sukru Guney
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 7, No 5 (2021): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091699

Abstract

The effect of sediment feeding was investigated in the case of live-bed scour around circular bridge piers under flood waves to provide contributions for future experimental procedures. Circular piers of three different diameters were tested in a long rectangular flume containing uniform sediment layer 25 cm thick, by generating 7 different triangular hydrographs with different durations ranging between 6 and 20 minutes and the peak discharges varying from 18 to 38 L/s. Experiments were first conducted without sediment feeding and total load was collected at predetermined time intervals. Then the same experiments were performed by feeding with the same amount of collected sediment. Time dependent scour depths were measured using UVP. Bed degradation was also determined by using an empirical equation existing in the literature. It was found that feeding with the rates equal to the transported ones did not significantly change the scour depth and total sediment load within the limits of the experiments. No significant bed degradation was observed, except at the upstream end. It was revealed that the sediment feeding may not be required in the experiments where temporal evolution of the scour depth is studied in a sufficiently long flume containing sufficient sediment. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091699 Full Text: PDF
Properties of Self-Compacting Mortar Containing Slag with Different Finenesses Siham Hammat; Belkacem Menadi; Said Kenai; Jamal Khatib; El-Hadj Kadri
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 7, No 5 (2021): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091694

Abstract

It is well established that Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) contains large amounts of fines including mineral admixtures, such as fly ash and slag, in order to avoid segregation and to increase cohesion. The use of these materials in concrete reduces CO2 emissions and contributes towards sustainable construction. To overcome the negative effect of slag on the strength development slag was ground to three finenesses. Therefore, this paper examines the rheological, compressive strength, total and autogenous shrinkage and capillary water absorption of Self-Compacting Mortars (SCM) containing ground granulated blast furnace Slag (S). A total of seven mortar mixes were prepared. The control mix had a proportion of 1 (cement): 1.8 (sand): 0.38 (water). In the other mixes, the cement was partially replaced with 15% and 30% slag of different fineness of 350, 420, and 500 m2/kg. The other constituents remained unchanged. Testing included slump flow, V-funnel flow time, yield stress and viscosity, compressive strength, total and autogenous shrinkage, and capillary water absorption. The presence of slag was found to reduce the plastic viscosity and yield stress of SCM mixtures as the content and the fineness increase. The higher the fineness (specific surface) of the slag the less the rheological parameters (i.e. slump flow and viscosity). The results show also a reduction in compressive strength of SCM at early ages of curing in the presence of slag. However, in the long-term, the compressive strength of SCM mixtures containing slag was higher than that of control mortar. Generally, there is reduction in the total shrinkage and an increase in the autogenous shrinkage of SCM mixtures as the content and fineness increase. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091694 Full Text: PDF
Bearing Capacity Factor of Circular Footings on Two-layered Clay Soils Benmoussa, Samir; Benmebarek, Sadok; Benmebarek, Naima
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 7, No 5 (2021): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091689

Abstract

Geotechnical engineers often deal with layered foundation soils. In this case, the soil bearing capacity assessment using the conventional bearing capacity theory based on the upper layer properties introduces significant inaccuracies if the top layer thickness is comparable to the rigid footing width placed on the soil surface. Under undrained conditions the cohesion increases almost linearly with depth. A few theoretical studies have been proposed in the literature in order to incorporate the cohesion variation with depth in the computation of the ultimate bearing capacity of the strip and circular footings. Rigorous solutions to the problem of circular footings resting on layered clays with linear increase of cohesion do not appear to exist. In this paper, numerical computations using FLAC code are carried out to assess the vertical bearing capacity beneath rough rigid circular footing resting on two-layered clays of both homogeneous and linearly increasing shear strength profiles. The bearing capacity calculation results which depend on the top layer thickness, the two-layered clays strength ratio and the cohesion increase rates with depth are presented in both tables and graphs, and compared with previously published results available in the literature. The critical depth for circular footing is found significantly less than for strip footing. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091689 Full Text: PDF
Experimental Studies and Analysis on Mobilization of the Cohesionless Sediments Through Alluvial Channel: A Review Anand, Akash; Beg, Mubeen; Kumar, Neeraj
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 7, No 5 (2021): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091700

Abstract

Entrainment of river bed particles by turbulent flow is a core matter of study in river hydrodynamics. It is of great interest to river engineers to evaluate the shear stress for initiating river bed motion. The main objective is to calculate transport rates for bed load, to predict changes in bed level which are scoured or aggraded and to design a stable channel. Forces acting upon the particle especially fluid forces which give a major role in the incipient motion of the particle on the rough boundary. For calculation generally use shield’s diagram but some other modified methods and approaches are discussed. Modeling criteria are discussed for the hydraulically smooth and rough boundary depending on Reynolds number. In the past, experimental studies on tractive shear stress have been done by many researchers but consideration of lift force to analyze the movement of sediment is very limited. For suspended load transport, a detailed analysis of lift force is required. Based on the study it has been observed that shear stress depends on channel slope not only due to gravitational force but also many other factors like drag force, lift force, friction angle, fluctuations, velocity profile, etc. Complete analysis of these factors provides slope dependency over shear stress. To improve past studies, some factors have been discussed, to give a more correct force balance equation. This is very difficult task to analyze more and more variable’s dependency on the slope. Consideration of the possible number of variable holds complete analysis of experimental study. This paper also reviews the effect of particle Reynolds number and relative submergence over critical shield stress. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091700 Full Text: PDF
Effects of Seawater on Setting Time and Compressive Strength of Concretes with Different Richness Ghazal, Ahmed I.; El-Sheikh, Mohammed Y.; Abd El-Rahim, Ahmed H.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 7, No 5 (2021): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091695

Abstract

Water is one of the main constituents of concrete. Although many types of water exist, fresh water is the mostly used in concrete industry. Fresh water is expected to be in a great shortage by 2050 according to UN world water development report. Incorporating seawater in concrete mixture can help in the expected problem of scarcity of fresh water. Also, in many cases seawater may be the only available water especially in coastal regions. Many reports mention various possibilities of using seawater in concrete without detrimental effect on concrete properties. In this study another beneficial effect of seawater over tap water was concluded. Setting tests of cement paste mixed with seawater was determined using Vicat apparatus and compared to tap water. Compressive strength tests at the age of 28 days of Portland cement concretes with varied quantity of cement i.e. 300, 350, 400, 450, and 500 kg, and mixed with seawater was also performed and compared to tap water. The results show that seawater affects standard consistency of cement paste and two percent increase was required in order to attain the same consistency as tap water. It shows also seawater slightly accelerates initial setting of cement but the effect is not so pronounced so as to cause a trouble in concrete and final setting time almost remains unaltered. Compressive strength tests show an increase in concrete strength mixed with seawater for all tested mixtures and depending on quantity of cement. It also shows a beneficial effect of seawater on compressive strength of rich concrete with quantity of cement 450 and 500 kg over tap water. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091695 Full Text: PDF
Developing a Sustainable Concrete using Waste Glass and Rubber for Application in Precast Pedestrian Slabs Seeboo, Asish; Choollun, Chetanand
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 7, No 5 (2021): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091690

Abstract

In this piece of research, n attempt was made to produce a sustainable concrete with the partial replacement of both fine and coarse natural aggregates with two different non-biodegradable wastes. The selected wastes were fine glass and shredded rubber tires. Fine glass passing through 4.75 mm BS sieve was utilised for the partial replacement of fine natural aggregates. Coarse natural aggregates were partially replaced with shredded rubber passing through 20 mm sieve and retained on 6.30 mm sieve. Several mixes with varying % of fine glass but with a fixed 10 % of shredded rubber were tested. Optimum fine glass content was determined to be in the order of 20 %. The resulting concrete exhibited lower plastic and hardened densities (2040 and 2117 kg/m3 respectively) in comparison to normal plain concrete. The static modulus of elasticity was found to be 18.3 GPa (mean value), while the splitting tensile strength was 2.37 MPa. The flexural strength showed a significant increase of 20.3% compared to the control mix. The results concluded that the concrete thus produced is a viable means of disposing of such non-biodegradable wastes (rubber and glass), thus reducing the loads at landfills. This new genre of concrete was produced at a lower cost than normal concrete because of the very low pre-treatment costs of the recycled wastes used. Furthermore, the properties tend to indicate that the concrete could be applied where lower strength and high durability properties are warranted. Hence precast slabs were made from the new design concrete and were tested along a stretch of a highly trafficable pedestrian walkway on the University campus. The slabs were continuously monitored for defects such as cracks, broken corners and slabs for a period of 24 consecutive weeks. After the test period it was observed that only 4 out of the 80 precast slabs had hairline cracks. Hence concluding the enhanced durability properties of the new design concrete. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091690 Full Text: PDF
Willingness to Pay for Improvement in Service Quality of Intermediate Public Transport (IPT) Modes Saurabh Kumar; Sanjeev Sinha
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 7, No 5 (2021): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091696

Abstract

The Rapid increase in urban population has put extraordinary pressure on transport infrastructure. Public transport frameworks in small and medium-sized cities in developing countries include of IPT modes. However, these midsized cities in developing countries face congestion problems and have severe environmental pollution. The paper focuses on the assessment of willingness to pay for improvement in service quality of IPT mode of transportation in urban India. A Stated Choice (SC) survey instrument was designed and data was collected from IPT users to collect respondent’s socio-economic characteristics and their attributes for the stated hypothetical scenarios. Respondents were approached randomly and face-to-face interviews were carried out. The present study aimed at finding the willingness to pay for different attributes of an IPT mode to assess the relative importance of these attributes. The multinomial logit model was developed using the econometric software NLOGIT 4.0. The results obtained from the analysis suggest that the commuters in the city perceive safety as the most important attribute of an IPT mode followed by comfort and waiting time. The findings of the study shall be useful for policy makers and operators in urban planning and improvement of the transportation systems of mid-sized cities of developing countries and any new mode incorporating high comfort and safety shall be preferred. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091696 Full Text: PDF
Optimization of Bituminous Pavement Thickness using Mechanistic-Empirical Strain-Based Design Approach Sahis, Manoj Kumar; Biswas, Partha Pratim
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 7, No 5 (2021): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091691

Abstract

The pavement in this paper has been considered as a three layered system with the top layer of bituminous mix followed by unbound granular layer which rests on soil subgrade. The objective of the paper is to develop an optimization method based on mechanistic –empirical approach for estimation of bituminous and granular layer thickness. Two major modes of failure as rutting and fatigue have been considered for structural design of bituminous road section on strain based criteria. The vertical compressive strain on the top of subgrade and radial tensile strain at the bottom of bituminous layer have been determined by Boussinesq’s theory after transforming the three layered system in to a homogeneous system by Odemark’s method. The findings from the present study reveals that only one typical combination of bituminous and granular layer thickness is possible to save the pavement both against rutting and fatigue. The result of layer thickness obtained using present methodology was compared with other international published data and was found in good agreement. The pavement deflection as a performance indicator for the optimized pavement section thus obtained have been determined by Odemark's-Boussinesq's approach and compared with the deflection obtained using IITPAVE and KENPAVE software, which show reasonable good convergence. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091691 Full Text: PDF
A New Simplified Prediction Method of the Contact State between Shallow Foundations and Swelling Ground Farid, Z.; Lamdouar, N.; Bouziyane, J. Ben
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 7, No 5 (2021): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091697

Abstract

Prediction of the contact state between soil and structure is a key step in any study of shallow foundations resting on swelling soil. However, in practice, the foundation designer has no simple and rapid method, at the design stage, to define the contact conditions. This study presents a new method, both simple and reliable, to predict the contact state. To do this, a soil-structure interaction model is developed. The building behavior is investigated with the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and the ground behavior is investigated with a Winkler model. The soil-structure interaction is then, studied at the equilibrium state. The thereby obtained equation is analyzed and all of its parameters are synthesized in a new factor named "Detachment Factor". The decidability of the contact is thus reduced to the study of this single element, which allows a reasonable approach to the knowledge of the surface rate engaged in the shallow footings - expansive soil interactions. The conclusions of the current study are validated against five cases treated in the literature in various regions around the world. In addition, a parametric study of the “Detachment Factor” shows that each of its parameters (i.e. swelling stiffness, shape of initial soil surface, permissible deflection, structure geometry and loads) has a variable effect on the contact state between a footing and swelling ground. But, the structure load has the most significant effect on it. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091697 Full Text: PDF

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