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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 12 Documents
 1   2 
Search results for , issue "Vol 7, No 7 (2021): July" : 12 Documents clear
Bond Coefficient kb of Concrete Beams Reinforced with GFRP, CFRP, and Steel Bars Kabashi, Naser; Këpuska, Arbër; Krasniqi, Enes; Avdyli, Besart
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 7, No 7 (2021): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091722

Abstract

There are several reasons why civil and structural engineers should use Fiber Reinforced Polymer bars in concrete. The primary reason is durability, and other relevant parameters, high strength and, lightweight. Non-corrosive attributes make their use particularly suitable in different situations. Due to low elastic modulus and poor bonding, the use of Fiber Reinforced Polymer results in larger crack widths under serviceability limit state especially beams reinforced with glass fiber bars. The study purpose of this paper is to investigate the kb values. The methodology of this paper is comparing the analytical and experimental results. The investigation included 12 beams, using the four-point load test. The geometrical parameters of tested beams with dimensions: 130×220×2200 mm, reinforced with different diameters, helically-grooved glass fiber bars, and sand-coated carbon fiber bars. The measured cracks were used to assess the current kb values recommended in the design codes and guides. The findings did not support the use of the same kb value for different bars because, in addition to the type of bar, the value of kb is also affected by the type of surface and the diameter of the bar. What is observed based on results shows that CFRP bars have a more constant value depending on the diameter, while GFRP bars have large value changes depending on the diameter. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091722 Full Text: PDF
Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) Approach On Inappropriate Construction Equipment Delay Factors B. Indhu; K. Yogeswari
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 7, No 7 (2021): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091717

Abstract

The advancement of construction equipment is a trend in the construction industry, with numerous benefits. However, using inappropriate construction equipment causes delays in construction projects, affecting the firm's reputation. A number of research studies on overall delay have been conducted globally. Even so, there is a lack of research on construction delays caused by inappropriate construction equipment. The aim of this paper is to investigate the inappropriate construction equipment delay factors and their effects on the firm's reputation. Based on the issues identified in the focus group interviews and the literature survey, a questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the impact of these factors on the progress of Indian construction projects. The primary constraint was that all 300 responses were collected in person from construction professionals to avoid lethargic responses that could skew the results. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine the positive strength of each factor's relationship. A t-test was used to see if there was a significant difference between the respondents' firm categories. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to validate the effective relationship between the causes of delays due to inappropriate construction equipment and its impact on company's reputation. All of the factors examined by the SEM analysis evidenced that the inappropriate construction equipment factors are correlated among themselves and combined to impact the reputation of the company. Recommendations are made to overcome the inappropriate equipment delay factors. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091717 Full Text: PDF
Bearing Capacity of Interfered Adjacent Strip Footings on Granular Bed Overlying Soft Clay: An Analytical Approach Shivashankar, R.; Anaswara, S.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 7, No 7 (2021): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091723

Abstract

In the present paper, the interference effects on bearing capacity of two and three closely spaced strip footings resting on granular bed overlying clay are being studied. A simple analytical model is proposed to predict the load-carrying capacity and the interference factor of an interfered footing, when adjacent strip footings are optimally placed on the surface of a Granular Bed (GB) overlying clay and both the footings are simultaneously loaded. A punching shear failure mechanism is envisaged in the analytical model. The load-carrying capacity of the footing is taken as the sum of total shearing resistances along the two vertical planes through the edges of the strip footing in the upper granular layer and the load-carrying capacity of the soft clay beneath the GB. Insights gained from finite element simulations are used to develop the new modified punching shear model for interfering footing. Bearing capacity can be easily calculated by using the proposed punching shear model for interfering footing. The analytical model is validated with numerical analyses and previous experimental results and found to be in reasonably good agreement. The influence of different parameters such as granular bed thickness, width of footing, number of footings are carried out in this study. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091723 Full Text: PDF
Mechanical Behavior of Concrete Reinforced with Waste Aluminium Strips Imran Ali Channa; Abdullah Saand
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 7, No 7 (2021): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091718

Abstract

The main objective of this research work is to investigate the influence of the addition of waste materials, like aluminium waste material, Soft Drink Tin Fibers (SDTF) or soft tins to improve mechanical properties of concrete and also study the strength behavior of concrete, such as flexural strength and indirect or split tensile strength. It has been acknowledged that the use of fibers in concrete has considerable effects to improve strength parameters and characteristics of concrete. In this research work, similar efforts are made to present the effects of soft tin fibers or aluminium waste material as a reinforcing material in concrete and to assess the mechanical behavior of concrete. Particularly, this research work aimed to investigate experimentally the effect of soft drink tins on tensile (cylinder splitting tensile strength) and flexural strength. Soft tin fibers of 25.4  5  0.5 mm in size were used and added from 1 to 5% by the weight of cement with the design mix of 1:1.624:2.760 at 0.50 w/c ratio. Therefore, 6 batches (every batch contained 3 prisms and 3 cylinders) were prepared and cast for evaluation of tensile and flexural strength. One batch was cast without inclusion of fibers (controlled batch) and remaining 5 batches were cast with the addition of fibers using 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% respectively. It was revealed from obtained results that split tensile strength and flexural strength of specimen increases as compared to controlled batch up to 4% addition of fibers. Moreover, beyond 4% soft drink tin fiber level, strength begins to fall down. Thus, it can be suggested that mechanical properties of concrete can be enhanced by 4% of soft drink tin fibers. Moreover, in this study, soft drink tin fibers (SDTF) or aluminium waste are used as the application of utilization of waste materials as a partial construction material and also on another side it controls the solid waste and environmental pollution. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091718 Full Text: PDF
Stability and Deformation Analysis of Landslide under Coupling Effect of Rainfall and Reservoir Drawdown Muhammad Shoaib; Wang Yang; Yang Liang; Gohar Rehman
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 7, No 7 (2021): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091713

Abstract

Landslides, a devastating hazard, continue to happen, affecting the lives of thousands of people each year. Fluctuation in the Reservoir Water Level (FRWL) is one of the leading features disturbing the slope stability in reservoir areas, drawdown is more crucial than the rise to the stability of landslide. Latest studies grounded on field investigation and monitoring data propose that landslides in reservoir areas are initiated not solely by one issue like precipitation or FRWL, however conjointly by their joint actions. Zhulinwan landslide in Chongqing, China, Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) area was analyzed by field investigation and numerical modelling to evaluate the characteristics of the landslide. The changes in landslide stability and deformation under the effect of reservoir drawdown and rainfall is analyzed using GEOSLOPE Software. The seepage analysis is done using SEEP W Model, afterward deformation and stability analysis using SLOPE W and SIGMA W respectively. The analysis confirmed that the coupling effect of reservoir drawdown at 1.2 m/d and rainstorm of once in 50 years return period makes the landslide unstable. Moreover, deformation at the same condition is maximum 0.049 m. The findings may be used by local authorities to help make decisions about slope stabilization in the event of a confirmed significant rainfall event. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091713 Full Text: PDF
Optimizing Mixtures of Alkali Aluminosilicate Cement Based on Ternary By-Products Hoang Vinh Long
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 7, No 7 (2021): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091724

Abstract

Portland cement is a popular binder but causes many adverse effects on the environment. That is due to the large consumption of raw materials and energy during production while emitting vast amounts of CO2. In recent years, Alkali Aluminosilicate Cement (AAC) has drawn much attention in research and development and promises to become a binder that can replace the traditional cement. In many studies of this binder, the content of the ingredients is often gradually changed to determine the optimal composition. The object of this paper is to optimize the composition of AAC using a combination of three by-products as the primary raw material, including Rush Husk Ash (RHA), Fly Ash (FA), and Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBS). The investigation was conducted based on the critical parameter SiO2/Al2O3, and the D-optimal design. The FA and the GGBS were industrial product form, while the RHA was ground in a ball mill for 2 hours before mixing. The results show that this type of binder has setting time and soundness to meet standard cement requirements. While comparing to Portland cement, the AAC has a faster setting time, slower development of compressive strength in the early stages but a higher strength at the age of 56 days. According to the highest compressive strength at 28 days and high fly ash content, the optimal composition was RHA of 27.8%, FA of 41.8%, and GGBS of 15.4%, corresponding to the ratio SiO2/Al2O3 of 3.83. In addition, compressive strength at 28 days of the mortar specimens with the optimal binder and the ratio of water/ cement at 0.32 reached 63 MPa. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091724 Full Text: PDF
Factors Affecting Traffic Accidents Density on Selected Multilane Rural Highways Al-Bayati, Amjad H.; Shakoree, Ahmad S.; Ramadan, Zahraa A.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 7, No 7 (2021): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091719

Abstract

Estimations of average crash density as a function of traffic elements and characteristics can be used for making good decisions relating to planning, designing, operating, and maintaining roadway networks. This study describes the relationships between total, collision, turnover, and runover accident densities with factors such as hourly traffic flow and average spot speed on multilane rural highways in Iraq. The study is based on data collected from two sources: police stations and traffic surveys. Three highways are selected in Wassit governorate as a case study to cover the studied locations of the accidents. Three highways are selected in Wassit governorate as a case study to cover the studied locations of the accidents. The selection includes Kut–Suwera, Kut–ShekhSaad, and Kut–Hay multilane divided highways located in the south of Iraq. The preliminary presentation of the studied highways was performed using Geographic Information System (GIS) software. Data collection was done to obtain crash numbers and types over five years with their locations, hourly traffic flow, and average spot speed and define roadway segments lengths of crash locations. The cumulative speed distribution curves introduce that the spot speed spectrum for each highway's whole traffic extends over a relatively wide range, indicating a maximum speed of 180 kph and a minimum speed of 30 kph. Multiple linear regression analysis is applied to the data using SPSS software to attain the relationships between the dependent variables and the independent variables to identify elements strongly correlated with crash densities. Four regression models are developed which verify good and strong statistical relationships between crash densities with the studied factors. The results show that traffic volume and driving speed have a significant impact on the crash densities. It means that there is a positive correlation between the single factors and crash occurrence. The higher volumes and the faster the driving speed, the more likely it is to crash. As the hourly traffic flow of automobile grows, the need for safe traffic facilities also extended. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091719 Full Text: PDF
Seismic Fragility Curves for Performance of Semi-rigid Connections of Steel Frames Mohamed Saadi; Djarir Yahiaoui; Noureddine Lahbari; Bouzid Tayeb
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 7, No 7 (2021): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091714

Abstract

A steel frame with a semi-rigid connection is one of the most widely used structural systems in modern construction. These systems are cheap to make, require less time to construct and offer the highest quality and reliable construction quality without the need for highly skilled workers. However, these systems show greater natural periods compared to their perfectly rigid frame counterparts. This causes the building to attract low loads during earthquakes. In this research study, the seismic performance of steel frames with semi-rigid joints is evaluated. Three connections with capacities of 50, 70 and 100% of the beam’s plastic moment are studied and examined. The seismic performance of these frames is determined by a non-linear static pushover analysis and an incremental dynamic analysis leading finally to the fragility curves which are developed. The results show that a decrease in the connection capacity increases the probability of reaching or exceeding a particular damage limit state in the frames is found. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091714 Full Text: PDF
Comparative Analytical Study on Crack Width of Reinforced Concrete Structures Ahmed A. Abu El Naas; Hany M. El Hashimy; Khaled F. El Kashif
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 7, No 7 (2021): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091720

Abstract

This paper presents a comparative study for the cracking limit state according to design codes. It aims mainly to connect research findings with design code equations. Appropriate recommendations are reached and the various factors and parameters influencing crack width investigated. The most appropriate equation for crack width calculation can be found. This is done by creating an analytical and numerical program studied various factors and parameters affecting on the crack width. The Analytical study includes some variables affecting the crack width such as steel stress, concrete cover, flexural reinforcement ratio and rebar arrangement. A 3-D finite element analysis by ABAQUS were used to model and idealize the problem. The numerical results were compared with the analytical results. It was concluded that some codes did not take into account the impact of some major variables and cases on the crack width. Also, it was found that some codes are not clear in the region concerning the position of the crack width calculation and the values obtained for the crack width. For calculating crack width values, JSCE (2007) equation is the most appropriate equation as it takes into account the main parameters that affect crack width. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091720 Full Text: PDF
The Cognition Role to Understanding Planning and Architectural Production Ahmed S. Al-Khafaji; Nadia A. Al-Salam; Tuqa R. Alrobaee
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 7, No 7 (2021): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091715

Abstract

This paper focuses on the concept of cognition and its clarification in the light of Islamic epistemology. Knowledge passes through two essential parts: conception and assent. Conception explains simple knowledge, while assent explains knowledge involving a judgment. The paper proceeded with the identification of the problem of relationship blurring between cognition and knowledge. The external and inner senses have explained the relationship between the stages of knowledge and cognition. The external senses receive stimuli and form primary conceptions. These conceptions transfer to the first part of the inner senses, which is common sense; it collects the sensations and transmits them to pictorial power. Secondary conceptions are formed, accompanied by feeling. Then, the estimative power role emerges in imparting meaning to be stored in memory, here knowledge is suspicion, and the perception is achieved. Finally, the images reach the thinking power to impart the specific meaning of the image, which constitutes cognition. Using the Hagia Sophia Case Study, the paper reached important indices in clarifying the cognition stages and understanding of planning and architectural production. These indices were represented by: color, scale, lighting, the harmony of the building with its surroundings, and the meanings associated with cultural, social, and civilized values. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091715 Full Text: PDF

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