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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 15 Documents
 1   2 
Search results for , issue "Vol 8, No 5 (2022): May" : 15 Documents clear
Impact of External Environmental Factors on Construction Firms' Performance, Mediated By Institutional Pressures Hassan Fehan; Osaro Aigbogun
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 5 (2022): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-05-09

Abstract

While the mainstream of construction management research has paid attention to the causes of poor performance in construction projects, there is a dearth of empirical research that considers the influence of external environment and institutional pressures in the debate. The objective of this research was to examine the impact of external environmental factors and institutional pressures on the performance outcomes of construction firms. The role of institutional pressures as a mediator in that relationship was also evaluated. Using a self-administered questionnaire, primary data was collected from 250 executives working in construction firms. This was then analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling. The results demonstrated that both external environmental factors and institutional pressures have an impact on the performance of construction firms. In light of the institutional theory, the findings addressed a genuine research gap, as institutional pressures were discovered to mediate the relationship between external environmental factors and construction firm performance outcomes. This study contributes to the current debate about the causes of poor performance in construction firms by assisting managers in recognizing the impact of the aforementioned factors on a firm's performance. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-05-09 Full Text: PDF
Shear Behavior of Strengthened Ferrocement RC Beams by Steel Wire Mesh Sarah H. Hameed; Abdulkhaliq A. Jaafer
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 5 (2022): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-05-04

Abstract

This paper investigates the possibility of strengthening a ferrocement RC beam with steel wire mesh under static loading. This experimental study included testing ten normal and high-strength concrete specimens made with ferrocement. The main parameters were the steel wire mesh layers 4, 8, and 10 in addition to the compressive strength and shear to span to depth ratio of 1.8 and 2.5. The cracking load, ultimate load, deflections, initial stiffness, energy absorption, diagonal and compressive strains, and crack pattern and failure modes of such beams were discussed. The outcomes exhibited that the beams behave linearly until they reach about 21.5% of the ultimate strength for the normal concrete beam and 23.2% for the high-strength concrete beam. The steel wire mesh presence affected the ultimate strength of the concrete beam, which increased the cracking load by an average of 15.5% for the high-strength RC beam and by 24.2% for normal-strength RC ones. The ultimate load was increased by an average of 40% for the high-strength strengthened beams and with less percentage for the normal ones, which was 31%. The  ratio affected the ultimate load-carrying capacity and maximum displacement directly, which increase  led to a decrease in the ultimate load-carrying capacity. The strengthening by steel wire mesh enhanced the initial stiffness, ductility, and energy absorption. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-05-04 Full Text: PDF
Influence of Natural Zeolite and Mineral additive on Bacterial Self-healing Concrete: A Review J. N. Akhtar; Rizwan Ahmad Khan; Rehan Ahmad Khan; Mohammad Nadeem Akhtar; Jamal K. Nejem
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 5 (2022): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-05-015

Abstract

With time, the development of micro-cracks in concrete is a frequently reported problem in the structures due to the ingress of harmful substances, leading to the degradation of its quality and strength, which ultimately declines the construction. The present work is a review paper based on enhancing the self-healing property of concrete by inducing different bacteria alone or incorporating different mineral additives. It has been seen that various rehabilitated methodologies are in queue to surmount concrete’s weaknesses and to increase its strength and durability. The latest methodology includes using non-pathogenic microbes in concrete as Microbial induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (MICCP). The property of precipitating calcium carbonate (CaCO3) crystals by their metabolic activities helps repair the cracks in harsh conditions and improve their strength. Ureolytic bacteria like Bacillus pasteurii/Sporosarcina pasteurii, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, etc., have a specific property by which they can excite urea when integrated with a calcium source and help in sealing the cracks by CaCO3 precipitation. Different studies have observed that specimens having a bacterial concentration of 105-107 cells/ml with Natural Zeolite (NZ) replacement (10%) represents better interaction of the microstructure of concrete because of the formation of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) gel. Further, the reduction in CH bond with reduced pore space has also been observed. NZ alone enhances micro-structural property, but it shows CaCo3 precipitation and more densification of microstructure under bacterial combination. XRD also confirms an increase in the calcite composition when the bacterial concentration of 105-107 cells/ml is used. The overall properties of standard and high-strength bacterial concrete (105-107 cells/ml) with 10% Natural Zeolite replacement can provide a better option for the future of sustained and strong concrete. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-05-015 Full Text: PDF
Gum Arabic as an Admixture in Modified Concrete Mixed with Calcined Kaolin Garcia Frichnes M. Mouanda; Silverster O. Abuodha; Joseph N. Thuo
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 5 (2022): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-05-010

Abstract

The use of calcined kaolin (CK) as a cementitious material in construction has attracted the interest of various researchers due to its environmental, mechanical, and physical qualities, all of which contribute to the lowering of cement usage. Studies have reported numerous problems associated with its use in concrete, apart from the ecological benefit that CK can provide. For instance, there is an issue of increased water demand due to smaller particle size, which generates much more heat in concrete, which has a detrimental effect on the mechanical and physical properties of concrete. This paper presents the analysis of an investigation aimed at using gum Arabic (GA) as a biopolymer admixture and calcined kaolin as a partial replacement of cement to improve the mechanical properties and durability of concrete. GA proportions ranged from 0 to 1% by weight of cement. Calcined kaolin (CK) was used to replace 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% of the cement content, respectively. Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, density, strength loss, and weight loss tests were all performed to validate the structural performance of the modified concrete. The compressive tests, performed after 28 days from the time the mixture was made, demonstrated that the maximum percentage of CK that could replace cement without affecting the mechanical properties of concrete was 20%. Beyond 20%, concrete does not exhibit good compressive strength properties. The results also revealed decreased compressive strength and splitting tensile strength tests as the percentage of CK increased. After 56 days, compressive strength at 5% CK and 10% CK increased slightly by 0.743% and 1.162 %, respectively, compared to the control sample. The inclusion of 0.8%GA increased the compressive strength by 8.94% compared to the control sample (0%CK + 0%GA + 100%OPC) after 56 days. The results of durability tests showed that 0.6% GA had a higher compressive strength than other percentages containing GA. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-05-010 Full Text: PDF
Effect of Recharge and Abstraction on Groundwater Levels Rael Nyakundi; Maurice Nyadawa; John Mwangi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 5 (2022): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-05-05

Abstract

Groundwater constitutes 99% of all liquid freshwater globally that is available for human use. Groundwater levels in the Nairobi aquifer system (NAS) have been declining over time because of excessive abstraction fueled by increased water demand. This has increased the cost of pumping and drilling boreholes, which is unsustainable. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of recharge and abstraction on groundwater levels using a more realistic approach by estimating recharge using the SWAT model while considering climatic data, soil type, land use/cover, and topography. Recharge obtained from SWAT was applied in MODFLOW to model the groundwater system. Results showed that the average annual recharge was 73 mm, which is about 9.7% of the precipitation. Groundwater levels decreased with an increase in abstraction and a decrease in recharge and vice versa. Groundwater levels will decrease by 76 m by the year 2063 if the abstraction rate is kept constant and the recharge is maintained, and will decrease by 14m by the year 2030 if the trend of abstraction rate continues to increase while recharge is kept constant. The abstraction rate should be regulated according to available recharge and recharge enhanced to avoid possible depletion of groundwater. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-05-05 Full Text: PDF
Perspectives of the Local Communities on the Development of Trans-Papua Road Infrastructure Zepnat Kambu; M. Yamin Jinca; M. Saleh Pallu; M. Isran Ramli
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 5 (2022): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-05-011

Abstract

Since the development of public and social infrastructure, such as road infrastructure, affects people's welfare, regional discrepancies in development are a key problem for Papua's infrastructure development. True, it's a top priority. When planning, executing, and overseeing road building, as it should be with the Trans-Papua route, public awareness and participation in the physical implementation of infrastructure development should be considered. The construction of the Trans-Papua Road drew a negative reaction and a huge amount of criticism from many social circles. A lack of community engagement in the development and implementation of the Trans-Papua Road project, as well as a public perception of ignorance, are accused of causing resistance and conflict. This research is an effort to understand better the awareness of specific communities, which may be used to design a participatory development strategy. The study's focus is on how the public views the Trans-Papua road's development from sociocultural, economic, and environmental viewpoints. The data was gathered through a survey and complemented with statistics from the local Central Statistics Bureau. The results showed that the community and stakeholders have different perspectives and understandings of the Trans-Papua road's construction, and it has been determined that the community should be involved in the planning and implementation of development measures based on the response of the local. This study demonstrates the importance of reducing community-government conflicts, especially those involving protected forest conservation, community empowerment, and transportation network development. The findings of this study can be used to provide recommendations for infrastructure development, particularly in locations where native communities are at threat of conflict. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-05-011 Full Text: PDF
Investigating Local Resources and Wisdom in Partner Regions Surrounding the Nation's Capital for Road Network Development Junaidi .; Sakti A. Adisasmita; Muhammad S. Pallu; M. Isran Ramli
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 5 (2022): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-05-06

Abstract

The development of the New Indonesia’s Capital, called the IKN, will undoubtedly draw many people to come and engage in the IKN region, although not inside the IKN area, since the development is confined to a small area with smart city, blue city, and forest city ideas merged. Restrictions on mobility inside the IKN area will almost definitely create issues for road network connectivity across IKN's surrounding areas, so it was deemed essential to have a road network development model that maintains IKN as a limited area while also functioning as a catalyst for economic growth in partner areas. The focus of this research is to provide a model for developing a road network based on local wisdom and the resources of each partner region surrounding IKN. The method employed in this study is based on gathering secondary data of the surrounding areas, which has local resources and local wisdom. The resources and the local wisdom are considered a trip attractor. The IKN masterplan data was also employed in this study as the main subject. Principles and road network development theory were used to analyze the data. The findings of this research led to the development of a new road network in various regions, including Senoni, Gusig, and Tukuq. This road network is deemed necessary to be developed, due to its trip attraction potential. It is hoped that the implementation of these new road networks will also have positive impacts on the development of partner areas surrounding IKN. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-05-06 Full Text: PDF
Geotechnical and Mechanical Characterization of Lateritic Soil Improved with Crushed Granite Marie Thérèse Marame Mbengue; Abdou Lawane Gana; Adamah Messan; Anne Pantet
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 5 (2022): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-05-01

Abstract

Since many years, road infrastructures in West Africa are most often subject to premature degradations despite the large number of studies. This problem is often due to the poor control of the behaviour of materials used for the pavement, but also to the scarcity of good quality materials. Nowadays, with economic development, there is a necessity for road infrastructures of good quality. In this framework, the main objective was to study the vertical geotechnical variability of the gravelly lateritic soil from the Saaba site in Burkina Faso and to improve their performances by adding crushed granite. The results show that the physical properties of the soils are almost identical depending on the depth. However, a small difference in the mechanical properties was observed. Due to their poor characteristics, these materials cannot be used for the sub-base layer according to the pavement design guide for tropical countries, CEBTP [1]. In order to improve their geotechnical and mechanical characteristics, crushed granite of class 0/31.5 mm was added at different percentages: 20, 25, 30, and 35%. It appears that the plasticity index, the methylene blue value, as well as the optimal water content of the material decreased. The soaked CBR recorded a maximum relative increase of 164% (from 14 to 37%) with the addition of 20 to 30% of crushed granite. With the addition of 20 to 30% of crushed granite, Young's modulus and unconfined compressive strength also showed a clear increase of 309% (from 80 to 327 MPa) and 140% (from 0.72 to 1.73 MPa). By comparing the results with the CEBTP specifications, the addition of 30% of granites at 95% compactness allows the materials to have a CBR that exceeds the value of 30% and can be used in the sub-base layer of road pavement. The addition of 30% granite allows the materials to record an unconfined compressive strength higher than 0.5-1.5 MPa, which corresponds to lateritic soil suitable for sub-base layer according to Messou [2]. After the addition of 30% granite, the materials record a Young's modulus greater than 300 MPa and can be used as a base layer. The assessment of the improvement of mechanical performance simultaneously based on the CBR, the Young's modulus, and the compressive strength showed the contradictory evolution of the results from these different parameters. A discussion was made on the relationship between these parameters. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-05-01 Full Text: PDF
A Study on the Mechanical Properties of Green Concrete Kanmalai Williams; Balamuralikrishnan R.; Adams Joe; Shalin Prince
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 5 (2022): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-05-012

Abstract

Green concrete is a type of concrete that uses waste materials as one of its ingredients. Hazardous wastes like fly ash and silica fume can be used to partially replace cement in concrete, which varies in physical and chemical properties. On the other hand, the increase in automobiles in urban and rural areas has led to an increase in the number of waste tires, which promotes environmental pollution due to disposal issues throughout the world. This study aims to use waste materials which can partially replace cement and conventional aggregates in the concrete mix. Fly Ash (FA), Silica Fume (SF), and Plaster of Paris (PP) replaced cement, whereas Reclaimed Rubber (RR) partially replaced coarse aggregates by weight. This work is focused on experimentation and simulation of M 40 grade mix using the above four materials. 306 cubes were cast by replacing cement with FA, SF, and PP in 3% increments up to 24%. Similarly, coarse aggregates were replaced with RR using the same proportion. Compression tests were carried out using a Universal Testing Machine. 12% silica fume replacement exhibited maximum strength during individual replacement of materials in concrete, which is selected as the optimum percentage replacement. FA and PP developed ultimate strength at 9% replacement of cement in the concrete mix, which is considered the optimum replacement percentage. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) model was developed using a C++ program to simulate various combinations of FA, SF, PP, and RR based on individual optimum replacement percentage. Hence, 1600 combinations were identified with the above four materials. Hence, GA was used as a tool to simulate the compressive strength of concrete to reduce time and cost. During simulation of combined replacement using GA, very high and very low compressive strength values were neglected, and 32 combinations were selected based on optimum compressive strength values. Finally, five combinations (C1-C5) were recognized, which resulted in higher compressive strength than individual optimum values after simulation. The GA-based numerical results were validated by casting 15 cubes for all the five combinations. 15 beam samples of size 100 150 1500 mm were cast with the above five combinations, cured and tested using a loading frame. A load-deflection curve was plotted, which showed that material replacement increased the flexural strength of the concrete mix. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-05-012 Full Text: PDF
Assessing the Effect of GGBFS Content on Mechanical and Durability Properties of High-Strength Mortars Si-Huy Ngo; Ngoc-Tan Nguyen; Xuan-Hien Nguyen
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 5 (2022): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-05-07

Abstract

As a large amount of steel is produced for the industrialization and modernization of Vietnam, a correspondingly large quantity of steel slag is also released annually. Besides, the demand for mortar is increasing due to urbanization, especially for the high-strength and durability mortar used for important constructions and structures in aggressive environmental areas. This study aims to carry out further research into high-strength mortars incorporating ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). The control mixture was designed with a water-to-binder ratio of 0.2, and the amount of silica fume used was equal to 25% of the total binder amount by mass. Four other mixtures were designed using GGBFS to substitute for 15, 30, 45, and 60% of cement by mass. The engineering properties of fresh and hardened mortars were comprehensively investigated, especially the durability properties. The microstructure of these mortars was also examined using scanning electron microscopy. Test results show that replacing 15 or 30% of cement with GGBFS yields an improvement in mortar's strength and durability properties. All the mortars in this study show excellent qualities with high strength, low water absorption, and high resistance to chloride attack. Moreover, the presence of GGBFS reduces the shrinkage of mortar caused by the drying process. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-05-07 Full Text: PDF

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