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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 17 Documents
 1   2 
Search results for , issue "Vol 9, No 7 (2023): July" : 17 Documents clear
Experimental and Analytical Study on Postfire Reinforced Concrete Beams Retrofitted with CFRP in Flexure and Shear Vu Nguyen Nguyen; Vui Van Cao
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 7 (2023): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-07-05

Abstract

In this study, experiments were performed on carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) retrofitted postfire reinforced concrete (RC) beams, followed by theoretical analyzes. Experiments were conducted on eleven RC beams, which were exposed to different fire durations and retrofitted with CFRP in flexure and shear. The experimental results indicated that fire shifted the flexure failure to the flexure-shear failure of postfire RC beams. CFRP retrofitted postfire RC beams experienced progressive peeling-off failure. FRP retrofitting significantly increased the yield deflection by 58.2−97.3% but decreased the ultimate deflection by 43.0−55.5% compared with that of the control beam. Consequently, the ductility was reduced by 69.7−74.7%, categorized as low ductility. CFRP retrofitting successfully increased the strengths of 30-min postfire beams by up to 23.1% higher than those of the control beam. Fire significantly decreased the stiffness of postfire beams by 46.4−49.2% compared with that of the control beam, whereas CFRP retrofitting did not fully recover the stiffness of postfire beams. Finally, a simple model of the moment capacity of postfire beams without/with CFRP retrofits was developed based on the practicability of limited data feasibly obtained from real fires. The proposed model, with its simplicity, practicability, and reasonable accuracy, can be a useful tool for structural engineers in the FRP retrofitting of postfire RC structures. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-07-05 Full Text: PDF
Derivation of Optimal Two Dimensional Rule Curve for Dualistic Reservoir Water-Supply System Nasser Khalaf; Thair Shareef; Mustafa Al-Mukhtar
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 7 (2023): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-07-016

Abstract

In arid and semi-arid regions particularly vulnerable to climate change, optimizing the long-term operation of multi-purpose reservoirs is paramount. This study derived an optimum two-dimensional rule curve to jointly operate the parallel reservoirs of Mosul and Dukan, Northern Iraq. A hybridized optimization technique combining conventional dynamic programming with the shuffled complex evolution algorithm (SCE-UA) was developed to solve this problem. The results showed that the proportion of normal water supply areas increased from the beginning of the flood season (October) to its highest levels in April (58.77% of the total water supply area). The proportion decreased to its lowest in September (25.04% of the total water supply area). The newly derived 2D rule cure was compared with the current operation policy and was found to optimize the amount of water shortage by 21.1% during the operational period. It also reduced the shortage period and avoided catastrophic water shortages during droughts. In addition, the developed model optimized the amounts of water more than the joint water requirements, suffering from a significant deficit in meeting the demand during some months of the operational years. As a result, the storage in each reservoir was improved and thence can be adapted to face water shortages during future climate changes. This study proved the new hybridized model's applicability and can serve as a tool for sustainable water management. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-07-016 Full Text: PDF
Effect of Eco-Processed Pozzolan (EPP) Mixed with Calcium Oxide to Dry Density and Physicochemical of Peat Soil Habib Musa Mohamad; Mohd Suharmin James; Siti Nor Farhana Zakaria; Adriana Erica Amaludin; Ngui Min Fui Tom; Adnan Zainorabidin
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 7 (2023): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-07-011

Abstract

Peat is a problematic soil, and it is a common problem faced by engineers in construction. The characteristics that have been noted before are high moisture content, poor shear strength, great compressibility, and long-term settlement. For this research study, it focuses on stabilizing peat soil using EPP and CaO. There are three main tests that were conducted in this research study: index properties testing, compaction testing, and For Index Properties testing, five (5) experiments were conducted to study the index properties of disturbed peat soil, which are moisture content, fiber content, liquid limit, organic content, pH, and specific gravity. Next, for the Compaction Test, using a 4.5 kg rammer, define the optimum mixture of stabilizer that is mixed with different volumes of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of stabilizer. In this study, the expected result is to inspire an in-depth study of the use of EPP material and chemical CaO as peat soil stabilizers for better utilization of problematic soil. The main finding was that the mixture with the exact amount of moisture, EPP, and CaO helped stabilize the soil and cure peat soil. Thus, this study confirms the idea of treating peat with EPP and CaO, enhancing the properties of peat soil, and sustaining the settlement over loading for a period of time accordingly. 20% mix of EPP and CaO produces the highest dry density, showing that dry density increases linearly with the amount of mixture to stabilize peat. The crystallization process between peat and EPP was pronouncedly observed where smaller particles identified as EPP filled the gaps in between the pores identified from SEM. The silicon (Si content developed from each spectrum ranged from 14.4% to 17.7%. The EDX results show significant results where mineral crystallization occurred in the coagulation process. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-07-011 Full Text: PDF
Solar and Human Activity Impact on High and Low Land River Flows Arban Berisha
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 7 (2023): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-07-06

Abstract

In the last two decades, in the Kosovo area, we have seen extraordinary climate changes and their consequences, such as flash floods, empty reservoirs, and forest burning. So, the objective of this article is to analyze the main drivers of climate change due to global warming, like Temperatures, Precipitation, River flows (TPQ), Human Activity (HA) on one side and the extraterritorial factor of sunspot number NS on the other side. The methodology of the approach is statistical, with trend detection, comparison, and calculation of significance for each factor. There are data in state institutions, daily and monthly, for TPQ from 1963–2022 and Sunspots from 1954–2006. Three Highland HL, two Lowland LL rivers, and two Temperature and Precipitation Meteorological stations were considered for analysis. For river LL1, the data needed to be completed, and correlation, calibration, and validation methods were applied to fill the gaps. Results indicate that sunspot numbers show a decrease of -18% from the average value, Temperature +24%, Precipitation +5%, HL1 flow -31%, HL2 -0.5%, HL3 -7.5%, LL1 -22%, and LL2 -13%. The significance of the impact of Sunspots on the air temperature approximates 75%, while the impact of human activity approximates 25%. This will be an excellent contribution to future water resource management plans. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-07-06 Full Text: PDF
Four-Face Heated Uniaxial Reinforced Concrete Columns Interaction Charts Mohammed S. Al-Ansari; Muhammad S. Afzal
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 7 (2023): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-07-01

Abstract

This paper presents an analytical method for generating the interaction diagrams of uniaxially reinforced concrete (RC) columns that are subjected to four-face heating. Twenty-one (21) specimens obtained from previous case studies that were subjected to four-face heating (with different fire test times ranging from 63 to 356 fire minutes) are used to validate the proposed uniaxial interaction charts. The results obtained from the case studies and from the proposed charts are also compared with the finite element software (FIN EC). The 500°C isotherm as well as the zone method are used in the computer software program to find the required load capacities. The proposed method's values fall within the range of values obtained from laboratory tests and computer software, which suggests its validity. Also, the zone method in FIN-EC software is reliable for evaluating load-bearing capacity, while the 500°C method is useful in situations with shorter fire times. The results obtained provide a valuable tool for designing and evaluating structures that may be exposed to fire. Nonetheless, the study is restricted by its concentration on a particular type of column under four-face heating, which may reduce its relevance to other types of structures and heating situations. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-07-01 Full Text: PDF
Experimental and Numerical Parametric Studies on Inclined Skirted Foundation Resting on Sand Tamer Al-Shyoukhi; Mahmoud Elmeligy; Ayman I. Altahrany
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 7 (2023): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-07-017

Abstract

Skirted foundation behavior is enhanced due to the increase in skirt angle. The bearing capacity of the inclined skirted foundations resting on sandy soil is influenced by the soil parameters and skirting systems. Finite element analyses were carried out using Plaxis-3D software to find out the influence of the relative density, the internal friction angle of the supported soil, and the additional skirts on the bearing capacity of the inclined skirted foundations. The experimental work on a small physical scale was also carried out to support the numerical findings, which give an acceptable agreement. The findings revealed that the increase in relative density resulted in a significant increase in the bearing capacity of the inclined skirted foundation. In the same way, as the internal friction angle increases, the bearing capacity is affected by this increase, which improves the bearing capacity value. The effect of the additional skirts on the bearing capacity is observed to be neglected, and, in some cases, it causes a negative effect. The findings of this study contribute to a greater comprehension of the behavior of inclined skirted foundations and can assist in the future design of more efficient and effective foundation systems. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-07-017 Full Text: PDF
Numerical Analysis and Parametric Study on Multiple Degrees-of-Freedom Frames George U. Alaneme; Alireza Bahrami; Uzoma Ibe Iro; Nakkeeran Ganasen; Obeten N. Otu; Richard C. Udeala; Blessing O. Ifebude; Emmanuel A. Onwusereaka
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 7 (2023): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-07-012

Abstract

The design of multiple degrees-of-freedom frames is critical in civil engineering, as these structures are commonly used in various applications such as buildings, bridges, and industrial structures. In this study, a six-degrees-of-freedom beam-column element stiffness matrix was formulated by superposition of beam and truss elements stiffness matrices and was adapted to statically analyze indeterminate frame structures. The development of a numerical model for the frame structures was achieved using the finite element method in the current study. Also, the investigation of the effects of various parameters such as frame geometries, material properties, and loading conditions was conducted on the internal forces developed in the frame structures. Three different parametric study cases that presented the frame structures with varying geometries and loading conditions were analyzed utilizing this matrix approach for the sake of emphasis and to evaluate the flexibility and adequacy of this formula to analyze the indeterminate frames using the MATLAB software. The analysis method comprised the derivation of the system displacements employing the relationships between the stiffness matrix and fixed end forces as the force vector and taking the attained displacements, which would be transformed to the local coordinates to obtain the member forces. The computed results from the element stiffness matrix approach were further statistically compared with the results achieved from the finite element software (SAP2000) applying the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The statistical results showed a P-value > 0.05, which indicated a good correlation between the compared results and adequate performance for the derived beam-column element matrix formula method. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-07-012 Full Text: PDF
Evaluating Carbon Footprint in the Life Cycle Design of Residential Concrete Structures in Jordan Omar Al-Omari; Ahmad Alkhdor; M. Abed Al-Rawashdeh; M. R. Al-Ruwaishedi; S. B. Al-Rawashdeh
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 7 (2023): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-07-07

Abstract

The construction industry is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, and there is a growing global interest in reducing the environmental impact of carbon dioxide emissions associated with building construction and operation. Concrete, the most commonly used material in construction, is known to release a substantial amount of environmentally harmful waste throughout its life cycle, including production, construction, operation, and demolition. The worldwide production and consumption of concrete contribute to approximately 5% of all human-related CO2 emissions each year. To assess the carbon footprint of concrete manufacturing and its application in construction projects, a comprehensive approach called life cycle assessment (LCA) is necessary. This paper presents a new process-based LCA approach to analyze carbon emissions and evaluate the carbon footprint of concrete from raw material extraction to the end-of-life stage. To address carbon emissions throughout the life cycle of concrete structures in the Middle East, the study adopts a case study approach, focusing on selected concrete structures in Jordan. The findings from these case studies highlight that the operational phase of concrete structures is the primary contributor to carbon emissions. By thoroughly examining the carbon cycle within structures and their interactions with the surrounding ecosystem, significant reductions in CO2 emissions, environmental deterioration, and its consequences can be achieved. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-07-07 Full Text: PDF
Nonlinear Analysis for Investigating Seismic Performance of a Spun Pile-Column of Viaduct Structure A. Fajar Setiawan; A. Kurniawan Santoso; M. Fauzi Darmawan; Agus Darmawan Adi; Sito Ismanti
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 7 (2023): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-07-02

Abstract

Slab-on-pile SOP viaducts have been constructed on several highways and railways in Indonesia, but there are certain doubts about some practical structural seismic design concepts. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the seismic performance of a single spun pile column for the SOP viaduct using nonlinear analysis. The essential variables used include the effect of top pile reinforced concrete infill treatment, soil-pile structure interaction (SPSI), and different response modification factors (R). Moreover, the single spun pile column was designed as a macro model with a force-based beam-column element having a fiber section in the plastic hinge. The static pushover analysis and quasi-static cyclic were also conducted to determine the displacement limit state and the equal viscous damping, respectively. Furthermore, seven pairs of ground motion excitations were used to investigate seismic performance in line with ASCE 7-10 and ASCE 61-14. The results showed that the implementation of the top-pile reinforced concrete infill treatment slightly reduced seismic response but evoked more severe pile curvature in the embedded zone. In addition, the behavior and seismic performance were slightly better than those without treatment when considering the SPSI. This study recommends the spun pile column for the SOP viaduct with a response modification factor of 1.5 to avoid probable brittle failure occurrence under earthquake load. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-07-02 Full Text: PDF
Effect of Cooling Conditions, Retrofitting on Strength of Concrete Subjected to Elevated Temperature Swapnil B. Kharmale; Pramod S. Sathe; Yashwant A. Kolekar
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 7 (2023): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-07-013

Abstract

Concrete has a high degree of fire resistance at moderate temperatures. High temperatures, however, cause concrete to lose its stiffness and strength. The effects of cooling techniques and retrofitting on the strength of concrete exposed to high temperatures have not been synchronized in previous studies. This experimental research aims to evaluate the effect of cooling conditions and the effectiveness of retrofitting concrete subjected to elevated temperatures. Four types of concrete: M 20 normal concrete (NC); M 20 metakaolin concrete (MC); M 40 standard concrete (SC); and M 40 self-compacting concrete (SCC) are considered in this study. A total of 864 samples consisting of cube, beam, and cylinder specimens are subjected to sustained elevated temperatures of 400oC, 600oC, and 800oC for 2 hours rating. The weight and strength of half of the heat-damaged samples are assessed following natural air cooling (NAC) and water jet cooling (WJC). The remaining 50% of samples retrofitted with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) are tested to evaluate the upgraded strength. The experimental findings demonstrate that water jet cooling (WJC) causes more strength degradation, and CFRP proves to be effective in restoring the strength of heat-deteriorated specimens. Overall, self-compacting concrete (SCC) has shown high resistance to elevated temperatures. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-07-013 Full Text: PDF

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