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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 17 Documents
 1   2 
Search results for , issue "Vol 9, No 8 (2023): August" : 17 Documents clear
Mechanical and Postfire Structural Performances of Concrete under Elevated Temperatures Vishal Murugan; Alireza Bahrami; Rakshit Srivastava; K. S. Satyanarayanan; Prakash Murugan; J. S. Arvind
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 8 (2023): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-04

Abstract

This article investigates the mechanical and postfire structural performances of concrete under elevated temperatures (200°C, 400°C, 600°C, and 800°C) after 7 and 28 days of concrete curing. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the post-fire behavior of concrete structures and how their modulus of elasticity values influence their structural parameters. Mechanical studies, namely, the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength, were performed on cubes, cylinders, and prism beams under normal and elevated temperatures. Non-destructive tests, like rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity, were also conducted on concrete cubes to obtain the strength of concrete before and after heating the specimens. Microstructural studies, in particular, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, were done to analyze the changes in the chemical composition of concrete under the effect of the temperatures. The weight loss of the concrete specimens was assessed under the elevated temperatures. The results indicated that the geometric shapes of the specimens influenced the loss in the moisture content of concrete under an elevated temperature scenario. Microstructural studies revealed the changes in the chemical composition under the elevated temperatures. The results of this research can be further integrated for industrial applications. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-04 Full Text: PDF
Evaluation of Factors Affecting the Performance of Fiber-Reinforced Subgrade Soil Characteristics Under Cyclic Loading Frank I. Aneke; Shadi Hanandeh; Denis Kalumba
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 8 (2023): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-015

Abstract

This study is focused on evaluating the factors affecting the performance of fiber-reinforced subgrade under cyclic loading. To achieve the objectives of this study, a series of dynamic triaxial (DT) tests was performed, and the following parameters, such as resilient modulus (MR), number of loading cycles (N), cyclic stress (CS), resilient strain (RS), and stress-strain hysteresis response of both the reinforced and unreinforced subgrades were evaluated. Subsequently, a series of scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests was conducted to track the fiber-soil interfacial bonding after the completion of DT test. The results indicated that N and CS triggered an appreciable decrease in MR with significantly high RS deformation for the unreinforced subgrade. However, reversed responses were noted upon the inclusion of sisal fiber due to fiber-soil adhesion and a high ductility response was portrayed by the reinforced subgrades. A reversed response was significant upon 0.25% and 0.5% fiber inclusion, beyond which the CS resistance slightly decreased. The stress-strain hysteresis loop was observed to increase as the axial strain increased proportionally with an increase in fiber contents, thus causing a significant increase in energy absorption in specimens. The SEM micrograph showed tightly knitted fiber-soil adhesion after the DT test. This study indicated that the reinforced subgrade sustained the CS, N, and improved energy absorption capacity, and MRupon fiber inclusion. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-015 Full Text: PDF
Seismic Performance of Reinforced Concrete Structures with Concrete Deficiency Caused by In-situ Quality Management Issues Areen Aljaafreh; Yazan Alzubi; Eslam Al-Kharabsheh; Bilal Yasin
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 8 (2023): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-010

Abstract

Concrete is a widely used building material known for its cost-effectiveness and high resistance compared to alternative materials. However, uncertainties in the casting process due to variations in the environment and human error can compromise its strength, increasing the risk of collapse when subjected to seismic excitations. Previous studies have demonstrated the detrimental effects of earthquake vibrations on buildings and infrastructure. This study aims to fill the research gap by investigating the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) structures constructed with lower-quality concrete under near-fault pulse-like ground motions. The main objective of this research is to assess the impact of diminished concrete strength on structural rigidity and susceptibility to ground disturbances. Specifically, the study aims to quantify the extent of performance changes in defective structures, particularly those constructed with poor-quality concrete, in response to seismic activities. To achieve this, the research involves developing multiple finite element models and conducting nonlinear analysis to scrutinize their behavior. A key focus of the study is to compare the performance of various RC buildings with concrete defects to that of a benchmark model. This comparative analysis highlights the influence of suboptimal quality control on the nonlinear behavior of RC structures. Furthermore, the study examines the correlation between changes in building response and earthquake characteristics to provide comprehensive insights into the potential risks associated with substandard construction practices. Based on the results of this study, it was found that inadequate quality control of concrete significantly impacts the performance of RC frames subjected to pulse-like ground motions. The decrease in compressive strength of the concrete led to noticeable increases in various structural parameters, including story shear, overturning moments, story displacement, drifts, accelerations, and hysteretic energy. These findings highlight the detrimental effects of compromised concrete quality on the overall structural response. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-010 Full Text: PDF
Structural Strengthening of Insufficiently Designed Reinforced Concrete T-Beams using CFRP Composites Hasan Ehssan Alobaidi; Alaa Hussein Al-Zuhairi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 8 (2023): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-05

Abstract

This study aims to compare the response of reinforced concrete (RC) T-beams strengthened with carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite with that of non-strengthened control beams when subjected to monotonic two-point loading until failure for flexural once and shear again. The experimental programme tested eight RC T-beams, which included two reference beams without strengthening and six strengthened beams. The eight beams were divided into two main groups according to strengthening (flexural and shear). Experimental analysis was performed to study the effect of the CFRP laminate width in the flexural group and the spacing of CFRP U-wrap sheets in the shear group on the ultimate load capacity, load-strain relationship, and load-deflection relationship. Results show that increasing the width of the CFRP laminate in the flexural group improves the ultimate strengths to approximately 9.5%, 35%, and 41% for beams with CFRP laminate widths of 50, 100, and 150 mm, respectively, compared with the reference non-strengthened beam. The stiffness of the beams increases in direct proportion to the width of the CFRP laminate. In the meantime, decreasing the spacing of the CFRP laminate in the shear group increases the ultimate strengths to approximately 13.2%, 17.7%, and 23.5% for beams with CFRP U-wrap sheet spacings of 166, 125, and 100 mm, respectively, compared with the reference non-strengthened beam. Therefore, the spacing of the CFRP sheet is inversely proportional to the stiffness of the beam. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-05 Full Text: PDF
The Effects of Rhythm on Building Openings and Fenestrations on Airflow Pattern in Tropical Low-Rise Residential Buildings Peter I. Oforji; Emeka J. Mba; Francis O. Okeke
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 8 (2023): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-016

Abstract

Effective passive airflow in low-rise residential buildings in hot-humid environment is crucial to maintaining good indoor thermal comfort for occupants. However, investigation of effects of the rhythm of window openings on achieving a passive airflow pattern in such buildings in the tropical climate of sub-Saharan Nigeria have been rarely studied. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the effects of the rhythm of window openings on passive airflow patterns for indoor thermal comfort in low-rise residential buildings in the hot-humid environment of Obosi, Nigeria. It involved experimental research using the Anemometer TA465 instrument for measuring wind velocity, relative humidity, and temperature of the purposively designated buildings in the three layouts of the study area for both wet and dry seasons. Employing the Yamane statistical formula, a sample size of 433 was obtained, and questionnaires were administered to occupants of the studied buildings and analyzed using categorical Regression Analysis (CATREG). The regression analysis showed that p=0.000, i.e. p<0.05 indicating that there was a significant relationship between the type and sizes of windows (elements used in measuring rhythm) and the intensity or force of breeze (a measure of passive airflow pattern). Further analysis of the data involved the use of Autodesk CFD 2018 (Computational Fluid Dynamics) for building wind flow simulations. The result showed variations in temperature levels (indications of differences in indoor thermal comfort) of various indoor spaces of the investigated designated floors and buildings, especially ground floors and the top-most floors of the buildings. The study underscored the need to use architectural rhythm design strategies to create a positive impact on airflow patterns in low-rise buildings, especially in densely built-up urban areas. The results of this study are instructive in noting that in order to attain passive airflow in buildings in the face of challenge of land restrictions, vertical stacking of building floors could be used once an adequate rhythm of window openings is adopted. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-016 Full Text: PDF
Optimizing the Flexural Behavior of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beams Containing Cassava Peel Ash using Response Surface Methodology Temitope F. Awolusi; Oluwasegun J. Aladegboye; Olusola E. Babalola; Emmanuel K. Ayo; Marc Azab; Ahmed F. Deifalla
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 8 (2023): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-011

Abstract

The growing concern to reduce global warming has necessitated the use of more eco-friendly materials in construction. The study is focused on the utilization of cassava peel ash as supplementary cementitious material and bamboo as reinforcement in concrete beams. The response surface methodology approach was explored to determine the effect of simultaneously varying the cassava peel ash content, bamboo size, beam length, and beam depth on the flexural strength and strain of beams. An analysis of variance was carried out on experimentally obtained results to determine the accuracy of the obtained models and the contributions made by the linear interaction and quadratic terms on flexural strength and flexural strain. The coefficient of determination obtained for RSM models showed a good correlation between all predicted and experimentally obtained results. The optimum conditions obtained for bamboo-reinforced concrete containing cassava peel ash were 3% cassava peel ash, 16 mm bamboo diameter, 500 mm beam length, and 150 mm beam depth. The predicted flexural strengths were 11.85, 14.34, and 14.95 N/mm2 and flexural strains of 0.64, 0.67, and 0.91 for 28 days, 56 days, and 90 days, respectively. To validate the model prediction, a laboratory experiment was conducted using the optimum mix design proportion. From the results obtained, it was observed that the experimental results were close to those predicted by the models. These models can be efficiently used for simulating the flexural behavior of bamboo-reinforced concrete beams. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-011 Full Text: PDF
Analysis of Launcher’s Productivity in Erection Girder Using Time Motion Study Method Danang Hadiyatmoko; Jati Utomo Dwi Hatmoko; M. Agung Wibowo
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 8 (2023): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-06

Abstract

Erection girder is one of the determinants of the success of bridge and road work, so in its implementation, it is of concern to many parties. Apart from lifting work that uses heavy equipment with a large capacity, it is also due to the high risk of erection work. Since using heavy equipment as a tool for the erection girder, then closely related to productivity and work time. Many factors affect the productivity of heavy equipment, and one of them is time, so a well and measurable work plan is needed. This study aims to provide solutions to problems regarding the productivity of the erection girder launcher method with a time motion study analysis for each work cycle. Time Motion Study is calculated using collected data from time and productivity records. The analysis model has been carried out with the amount of data of 58 erection girder cycles with the specification of Girder Profile I with 16 meters, 30 meters, 40 meters, and 60 meters in length. The modeling results are in the form of productivity nomograms and optimal productivity of the erection girder launcher method. The optimal productivity of a 16-meter girder is 0.901 girder/hour, 30 meters girder is 0.692 girder/hour, a 40 meters girder is 0.443 girder/hour, and 60 meters girder is 0.340 girder/hour. In this study, there are some renewals from other studies. From this study, it might be known about factors that affect the productivity of erection girders, such as the distance of the girder’s stockyard, the girder’s length, and erection time. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-06 Full Text: PDF
Effect of Curing Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Sanitary Ware Porcelain based Geopolymer Mortar Woratid Wongpattanawut; Borvorn Israngkura Na Ayudhya
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 8 (2023): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-01

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of curing temperature on the mechanical properties of sanitary ware porcelain powder-based geopolymer paste and mortar under various curing temperatures. The setting time, porosity, water absorption, and compressive strength of specimens mixed with alkaline concentrations of 8M, 10M, 12M, and 14M were compared. All mortar cube (50×50×50 mm) specimens were placed into drying ovens for 24 hours at 60°C, 75°C, 90°C, and 105°C, respectively. The specimens were then air-cured for 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that the elevated curing temperature accelerated the polymerization process of the porcelain geopolymerization reaction. The setting time varied between 89 mins and 380 mins. It showed variability depending on alkaline concentration and initial curing temperature. The setting time of pastes decreased when alkaline concentrations increased. An increasing temperature in the drying oven decreased the initial and final setting times. Similar to this, the rate of water absorption and permeability of porcelain-based geopolymer mortar specimens decreased with drying oven temperatures and increments in alkaline concentration. The lowest water absorption and porosity of the specimen were 2.1% and 15.7%, respectively. The compressive strength increased as drying oven temperatures and alkaline concentrations increased. The highest 28 day compressive strength was found in 14M specimens with 105°C curing temperatures. The ultimate compressive strength was 64.45 N/mm2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were investigated to study the microstructural properties of the geopolymers. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-01 Full Text: PDF
A Review of Advances in Peat Soil Stabilisation Technology: Exploring the Potential of Palm Oil Fuel Ash Geopolymer as a Soil Stabiliser Material Adriana Erica Amaludin; Hidayati Asrah; Habib M. Mohamad
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 8 (2023): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-017

Abstract

This study aims to highlight the latest developments in the field of peat soil stabilisation technology via chemical stabilisation. The review examines the use of traditional stabilisers such as OPC and various non-traditional stabiliser materials, i.e., Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA)-OPC blends, chemical solutions, and geopolymer materials, to enhance the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) characteristics of peat soils based on the ASTM D 4609 requirements. OPC, POFA-OPC blends, and alkaline solutions mostly produced stabilised soil samples that fell short of the ASTM requirements. Existing studies on the use of waste-derived geopolymers to treat peat soils are limited, while the use of POFA geopolymer materials has mostly focused on the improvement of clayey and silty soils. The results of soil stabilisation with geopolymer were very encouraging, as the strength gains were in line with the ASTM soil strength requirements. As a result of this review, it can be concluded that POFA geopolymer is a viable soil stabiliser material with the addition of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, and that the use of POFA-GGBFS geopolymer to enhance the strength properties of peat soils should be investigated. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-017 Full Text: PDF
IoT Raspberry Pi Based Smart Parking System with Weighted K-Nearest Neighbours Approach Md Shohel Sayeed; Huzaifah Abdulrahim; Siti Fatimah Abdul Razak; Umar Ali Bukar; Sumendra Yogarayan
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 8 (2023): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-012

Abstract

Due to the limited availability of parking slots in parking areas, drivers often have difficulty finding an empty parking slot. The number of parking slots available at a particular location is usually less than the number of vehicles. Hence, drivers spend a lot of time looking for vacant parking slots, which eventually delays the completion of their tasks, such as paying bills, attending a meeting, or visiting a patient at the hospital, etc. There are a couple of parking guidance systems that have been highlighted by the other researchers, but most of them lack real-time, convenient guidance. This research proposed a smart parking guidance system made of an IoT Raspberry Pi combined with an Android application that makes use of the weighted k nearest neighbours for positioning the vehicle. This was achieved through the use of Wi-Fi signal strength indicator fingerprinting, allowing for real-time navigation and parking detection. In order to achieve real-time parking over the internet, Raspberry Pi hardware and the ThingSpeak IoT cloud with ultrasonic sensors are used in the proposed method. An Android application was involved in this parking detection system, which adopted IoT approaches to estimate the location of users in real-time and provide routes using route-finding techniques to assist drivers in finding their desired parking slots. Data from the sensors was processed and translated into the Raspberry Pi using the Python programming language. They were sent using the Message Telemetry Transport protocol to send parking data to the ThingSpeak IoT cloud in real-time. This data was displayed via the Android app. The user is then able to view each available parking slot, acquire the route, and be directed with high accuracy to the parking slots of their choice. In this study, advanced sensing and communication technologies were used together with the weighted k nearest neighbours algorithm for positioning and wayfinding in order to improve parking guidance accuracy. Based on the experimental results, the proposed system showed a lower average error rate of 1.5 metres in comparison to other positioning techniques, such as GPS, or other similar algorithms for positioning, such as maximum a posteriori, which have shown average errors of 2.3 metres and 3.55 metres, respectively, a potential increase of more than 35% from the previous error rate. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-012 Full Text: PDF

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