Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education, an electronic international journal, provides a forum for publishing the original research articles, review articles from contributors, and the novel technology news related to biological research and biological education.
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<![CDATA[Biodegradation Test of Polluted River Caused by Domestic Wastewater Using Indigenous Bacteria in the Way Tomu Watershed, Ambon City ]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 15, No 1 (2023): April 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i1.40016
<![CDATA[Nowadays, the rivers are often used by residents around the river as the final disposal of domestic wastewater that causes the rivers to become polluted. Biodegradation is an alternative to wastewater treatment as an effort to solve water pollution which is often carried out using bacteria that have the potential to decomposers in the biodegradation process, especially indigenous bacteria. This study aims to identify and obtain isolates, combinations, and characteristics of the indigenous bacteria isolate that have the potential as a biodegradation agent for polluted river caused by domestic wastewater in the Way Tomu watershed, Ambon City. In this study, isolates of indigenous bacteria that were isolated and purified were tested for protease and amylase enzyme activity to select isolates to be used in the biodegradation process testing consisting of parameters pH, COD, and TSS as indicators of the biodegradation. Afterward, the isolates that have the best potential as biodegradation agents will be characterized and biochemical tests will be carried out to identify the general characteristics of these isolates. The results showed that the combination of Genus Aeromonas, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas as isolates of indigenous bacteria that has the best potential as an agent for the biodegradation of polluted river caused by domestic wastewater. The benefit of this research is as initial information and consideration for alternative treatment of polluted rivers caused by domestic wastewater using indigenous bacteria isolates as an effort to resolve river pollution, especially the rivers in Ambon City.]]>
<![CDATA[Reproductive Biology of Greenback Mullet, Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836) from Segara Anakan Cilacap ]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 15, No 1 (2023): April 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i1.39696
<![CDATA[Greenback Mullets (Planiliza subviridis) are a commercial commodity and are fished daily in the Segara Anakan Cilacap, although has not been overfished. Continuous and unregulated fishing might harm the Greenback Mullets population. Therefore, sustainable fisheries of this species are still needed. Reproductive biology is among the essential aspect that supports sustainable fisheries. This research aims to obtain information on the reproductive biology of Greenback Mullet in Segara Anakan Cilacap. The research used a survey method with a purposive random sampling technique. The observed parameters were the gonad maturity stage, gonad maturity index, and fecundity. The data were analyzed descriptively. The female individuals have gonad maturity stages III and IV, gonad maturity stage was 16.81±2.59 and 16.92±2.51, and fecundity was 37,208-183,661 and 38,468 - 272,835 in August and October, respectively. Conversely, male individuals have a low gonad maturity stage and gonad maturity index. Based on the data, Greenback Mullets in the Segara Anakan estuary have maximum gonad maturity stage, gonad maturity index, and fecundity in August and October, while in February they were in early gonadal development. These data are essential for sustainable fisheries management in the Segara Anakan estuary Cilacap, Central Java, especially for Planiliza subviridis.]]>
<![CDATA[Bioremediation of Cadmium (Cd) in Batik Wastewater Using Different Carrier Media Containing Rhizobacteria ]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 15, No 1 (2023): April 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i1.37683
<![CDATA[Batik wastewater is very dangerous for the environment and health because it contains heavy metals, such as Cadmium (Cd), derived from naphthol and indigo sol dyes. Rhizobacteria have great potential to detoxify Cd on a laboratory scale. Therefore, they should be packaged in carrier media to ensure their long-term viability in the field. The carrier media used were peat, sawdust, and tofu solid waste. This research aimed to determine the most potential of three rhizobacteria as tolerant to Cd from 11 isolates, the best carrier media that can maintain rhizobacteria viability after freeze-dried, and the effectiveness of carrier media containing potential rhizobacteria in reducing Cd in batik wastewater. Furthermore, an experimental method with completely randomized and split-plot designs was used. Rb1, Rb3, and Rb6 were the most Cd-tolerant of the three rhizobacteria isolates tested. For the viability of each isolate, tofu solid waste and peat were the best carrier media at Rb, while sawdust and tofu solid waste were the best at Rb3 and peat at Rb6. Isolate Rb3C3 had the highest percentage value of degrading Cd at 85.1%, while others had less than 80%. Isolate rhizobacteria with a carrier media makes it easy to apply on a field scale because it already contains a source of nutrients for bacterial growth and the packaging has a longer shelf life.]]>
<![CDATA[Taxonomic Confirmation of Rare Fruits in West Kalimantan Using rbcL and matK Sequences ]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 15, No 1 (2023): April 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i1.40284
<![CDATA[Phylogenetic analysis for plants can be very helpful in determining species identification or taxonomic status morphologically. rbcL and matK are widely used as genetic markers in constructing seed plant phylogenies. Different identification and new collection during the re-inventory from the previous study were found in two and four types of rare fruits in Sibohe Forest, West Kalimantan. The six types include pisang karok (Musa sp.) and Kandis (Garcinia sp.), as well as nubik (Artocarpus sp.), tehengan (Artocarpus sp.), smallest arok (Ficus sp.), and amok (Alpinia sp.). This study aimed to analyze the phenetic relationship of six rare fruits from Kalimantan based on rbcL and matK genes. DNA samples were obtained from dried body parts of the previous study and amplified by PCR using both forward and reverse primers for rbcL and matK genes. Amplification was observed on electrophoresis gel for rbcL gene of nubik, tehengan, smallest arok, amok, and pisang karok, while only pisang karok in matK gene. However, matK gene sequence was also obtained for amok even though the band was not seen on the gel. Phylogenetic analysis using the two genes confirmed the morphological identification reported in the previous study; however, using matK as a single gene for taxonomic confirmation must be reconsidered. The information of rbcL and matK sequences of six rare fruits from West Kalimantan could be the first information for building the DNA barcodes of the rare fruits in West Kalimantan.]]>
<![CDATA[The Effect of Probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei on The Performance of Guppy Fish (Poecilia reticulata var. Mosaic) ]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 15, No 1 (2023): April 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i1.39899
<![CDATA[Guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata var. Mosaic) is a type of ornamental fish that has many enthusiasts. Guppy fish culture still has low growth and viability in guppy fish culture. The previous solution was to apply antibiotics, but as time goes by antibiotics cause bacterial resistance. Another solution is the application of probiotics to feed. L.paracasei is one of the lactic acid probiotic bacteria and has never been applied to guppies. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the probiotic on performance (growth and viability, gill and gut histology, and LAB (Lactic Acid Bacteria L.paracasei) total) in guppies. 180 fish were randomly assigned into four triplicates groups and there were four treatment groups: 0 (Control), 5, 10, and 15 mL. kg-1 feed. As the result of this research, the highest body weight and length growth performance is found in the P3 group. Meanwhile, there were no significant differences between the groups of guppies viability. Gill and intestinal histology showed that control group was the best group. The conclusion of this study is that 15 mL. kg-1 is considered the most effective for improving the performance of guppy fish. The addition of L.paracasei can be used as feed supplements to improve performance of guppy fish.]]>
<![CDATA[Analysis of Genetic Variations of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. on Several Critical Lands in West Sumatra Using RAPD Molecular Markers ]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 15, No 1 (2023): April 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i1.40871
<![CDATA[Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. is a plant whose fruit is used to produce fiber and seeds for biofuel, which has the potential to be developed in critical land because it is adaptive to grow in critical land that is less fertile and lacks water. In West Sumatra, several critical land locations are overgrown by C. pentandra plants. This study aims to determine the genetic variation of C. pentandra in five critical land populations in West Sumatra as the basis for selecting superior seeds for development in critical land. The research was conducted by the descriptive method using molecular data with the molecular marker RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA). The results showed that the primers OPA-01, OPA-02, and OPB-10 could detect polymorphisms. Pangkalan Koto Baru in the regency Lima Puluh Kota (H = 0.1212) was the population with the highest intrapopulation genetic variation value. Interpopulation genetic variation (DST = 0.0321) was lower than intrapopulation genetic variation (HS = 0.1021), with a low genetic differentiation value (GST = 0.2392) and a high gene flow value (Nm = 1.5894). The genetic variation of C. pentandra can be used to select the parent in plant breeding programs.]]>
<![CDATA[In Vitro Mutagenesis of Dendrobium gabriella suryajaya Using Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) and Plantlet Regeneration ]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 15, No 1 (2023): April 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i1.40997
<![CDATA[Plant breeding through mutation techniques has the main purpose to explore genetic diversity in the presence of useful traits for developing new plants. Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) is a widely used chemical to induce mutations in plants focused on obtaining genetic variation. EMS can induce random points of mutations and some of which can create new stop codons in the desired gene. EMS has been successfully used to generate morphological diversity and encourage the improvement of desired traits. The 3-month-old Dendrobium gabriella suryajaya Orchid protocorm-like bodies (PLB) treatment with EMS concentrations of 0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.075% can change genetic diversity, especially in leaf morphology. A total of 105 orchids were soaked in EMS solution at concentrations for 12 and 24 hours respectively. The phenotypic variations observed in this population include changes in leaf color and the number of buds. This EMS mutant population will be used for further studies including screening for various traits such as through ISSR analysis to determine the level of diversity. This research shows that mutagenesis using EMS can produce the amount of variability in Dendrobium. The generation of variability for desired traits resulted in the identification of several mutants with important agronomic characteristics that can be used as germplasm for improvement.]]>
<![CDATA[Enhancement of Microalgal Metabolite Production through Euglena sp. Local Strain and Glagah Strain Consortia ]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 15, No 1 (2023): April 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i1.41895
<![CDATA[Euglena sp. is green microalgae in an acidic environment (pH 2.5-3.5). Euglena sp. has recently been developed widely in industry because of its capability to produce lipids that can be utilized to synthesize biofuel. Microalgae is a potential source of biodiesel, especially in the form of a consortium culture. One of the microalgae consortium cultures that have been explored is the nature consortium microalgae of Glagah strain. The Glagah consortia were isolated from Lagoon in the Glagah Beach, Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta. This study aimed to determine the total production of biomass, lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins of mixed culture of Glagah strain consortium and Euglena sp. as biodiesel substrate. The biomass test was measured using the dry weigh method using a filtration vacuum pump kit, lipids were measured using the Blight Dryer method by adding chloroform and methanol as solvents, carbohydrates were measured using the Sulfur Phenol Acid method by adding Phenol and sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and proteins were measured using the Bradford method by adding SDS and Bradford’s solution. The total production and productivity of biomass, lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins showed that the mixed culture of Glagah strain consortium with Euglena sp. was higher than the Glagah strain consortium. It reached 0.410 g/L; 0.253; 0.856 g/L; and 0.623 g/L. Therefore, it could be concluded that the mixed culture of the Glagah strain consortium with Euglena sp. could increase the production of biomass, lipids, carbohydrates, and protein up to two times that of the Glagah strain consortium so that this mixed culture treatment could be used as a reference in microalgae cultivation for biodiesel.]]>
<![CDATA[Plant Regeneration in Amorphophallus muelleri Blume. through Organogenic ]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 15, No 1 (2023): April 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i1.40501
<![CDATA[Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume.) usually used to functional food raw materials, caused its high glucomant content. Limitation of conventional propagation both vegetative and generative affected to decreasing of porang production to fulfil market demand. To solve the problem, plant tissue culture technique was chosen to rapid propagate bulbils of porang. So, the aim of this research to determine the combination and concentration of Plant growth Regulators (PGRs), such as 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), Naphthaleneacetic Acid (NAA), and Thidiazuron (TDZ) for quality of callus, also growth of callus and shoots for rapid propagation of porang, cause PGRs are one of factors that affect the success of in vitro propagation. Experimental design of this research was completely randomized designed with statistical analysis using analysis of variance (Anova) one way. Difference combination and concentration of cytokinin and auxin as manipulation variables, which several parameters growth of callus, shoots, and roots was observed to indicate the rapid organogenic of porang. The optimal shoot induction medium was Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with 5.0 mg.L-1 BAP and 0.2 mg.L-1 NAA on which number of shoots and shoot height reached 15±1.8 and (7.2±1.86) cm. After shoot formation stage, the proper media for rooting stage was determined, which was Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with 1.0 mg.L-1 NAA resulted the rooting rate reached 100% and roots appear earlier. Optimal combination and concentration of PGRs on micropropagation of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume. from bulbils explant should be known to increase the production of porang, which can fulfil the market demand.]]>
<![CDATA[Antifungal Potential of Cell-Free Supernatant Produced by Keratinolytic Fungi against Ganoderma boninense ]]>
<![CDATA[ Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 15, No 1 (2023): April 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v15i1.38325
<![CDATA[Keratinolytic is a microorganism ability to degrade keratin substrates. Fungi are known to produce the enzyme keratinase. This research was carried out aiming to know the keratinolytic fungi potential in inhibiting Ganoderma boninense fungi. Five isolates of keratinolytic fungi coded A 31, A 18, A 12, K 18, and A 29 have antagonistic ability against G. boninense. A 12 and A 18 had the largest inhibitory diameter of 25.23 mm and 24 mm, respectively, after 7 days of incubation. The ability of A 12 and A 18 antagonisms was observed by testing the supernatant of keratinolytic fungi incubated in a feather meal broth medium. An 18 has the largest antagonism percentage of inhibition at 84.72% against G. boninense, followed by A12 (77.78%) and combination treatment of A 12 + A 18 (73.55%) after 7 days of incubation. Keratinolytic fungi can also grow on minimum salt chitin medium (MSCM) and produced a hydrolysis zone after 3 days of incubation. G. boninense hyphae abnormalities were observed by using a 100x magnification microscope. Moreover, hyphae lysis and dwarf, curved, rolled, and curly hyphae were also observed after giving treatment on A 12, A 18, and the combination treatment of both isolates. These results showed that both keratinolytic fungi isolates and the supernatant are powerful biocontrol agents against G. boninense. There is no previous research report on endophytic fungi inhibiting the growth of Ganoderma boninense. In the future, keratinolytic fungi can be applied in agriculture technology. ]]>
