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Forest and Society
Published by Universitas Hasanuddin
ISSN : 25494724     EISSN : 25494333     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science Social Sciences
Forest and Society is an international and interdisciplinary journal, which publishes peer-reviewed social, political and economic research relating to people, land, and forests. Forest and Society has main geographic focus on Southeast Asia but we do not limit research possibilities that compare between and across regions.
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Articles 24 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): APRIL" : 24 Documents clear
Using the Delphi method to develop the social-ecological resilience indicators of organic rice production in Thailand Chaiteera Panpakdee; Suchint Simaraks; Chanidapa Sookcharoen
Forest and Society Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): APRIL
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v6i1.14771

Abstract

This paper illustrates the application of the Delphi method, which assists in the production of social-ecological resilience indicators, and which are suitable for building the resilience of organic rice production in the central portion of Northeastern Thailand. Forty-seven adept farmers were purposively selected as participants, and the Delphi method was utilized as a tool by which the participants could reveal their different opinions and ideas. They were surveyed in order to visualize an organic rice system called the ‘desirable system.’ Nevertheless, such a system must be built simultaneously with certain components, the attributes of which can enable the system to withstand all kinds of change that can take place across spatial and temporal scales. The resilience literature, which is related to agro-ecological systems, had been published online during the seven previous years, and was applied to formulate questions, which were specifically aimed at establishing components that were focused upon coping and adaptive strategies. It was discovered that the inclusion of a group discussion, which had taken place with two rounds of the Delphi method, had provided a valuable means for exchanging information and responding with feedback. Given that the processes had been entirely conducted through group discussions, the voices of a few participants were, however, lost. They were dominated by the innate power expressed by other members within the group, especially the leaders. Despite this, the Delphi method was able to achieve an adequate degree of consensus among participants and was able to lead in the direction of building resilience with a significant level of confidence, which was capable of overcoming the social-ecological complexities of organic rice production. This was evidenced by the discovery of 21 social-ecological resilience indicators, which had been constructed by the engagement. Moreover, the indicators had indeed been reliable. With the support of the consensus of the participants’ judgements, which were based on their actual contexts of organic rice production in the central portion of Northeastern Thailand, the indicators were able to be validated by statistical analyses, consisting of arithmetic means (x), standard deviations (sd), and interquartile ranges (R).
Evaluation of land cover changes and secondary ecological succession of typical agroforestry landscapes in Phu Yen Province Hoi Nguyen Dang; Dung Ngo Trung
Forest and Society Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): APRIL
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v6i1.17889

Abstract

The study of land cover changes as well as landscape succession has theoretical and practical significance. Determining the characteristics, causes, and trends of the changes and succession of a landscape allows for assessing the natural and human characteristics of the territory. On this basis, appropriate solutions and policies in resource management, socioeconomic development, and environmental protection are available for each locality. Applying and integrating remote sensing data with field investigations and surveys improves the accuracy and reliability of research results. From the establishment of a land cover change map based on land cover map data collected in 2010, 2015, and 2020, variations in the land cover types of Phu Yen Province were observed. In the period 2010–2015, the area of natural forests and grasslands, shrubs, and bare lands decreased rapidly, whereas the covered areas of intentionally planted forests, industrial trees, and crops increased significantly. The secondary ecological succession of the agroforestry landscape of Phu Yen Province in the last 50–60 years occurred under the strong influence of human activities. Under the impact of chemical warfare and policies and farming practices of the local people, several evergreen broad-leaved tropical forest landscape units have undergone four to six stages of succession, with the interweaving of the economic development policy of Phu Yen Province and farming practices of the local people, making the structure and length of each period and succession very different.
Ostrom’s Design Principles as Steering Principles for Contractual Governance in “Hotbeds” Taufik Haryanto; Josephine van Zeben; Kai Purnhagen
Forest and Society Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): APRIL
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v6i1.17993

Abstract

The sustainability of complex contractual governance in “hotbeds” depends on steering principles. Ostrom’s design principles provide an analytical framework for robust institutions that enable collective action and cooperative behaviour. The success of Ostrom’s design principles depends on the capacity of social entities to self-govern. This article explores the potential of Ostrom’s design principles as such steering principles for contractual governance in “hotbeds”. We find that the preconditions for successful contractual networks in “hotbeds” and the empirical situations underlying Ostrom’s design principles are comparable. Building on this comparability, we apply Ostrom’s design principles to contractual networks in “hotbeds” area theoretically, and then go on to demonstrate its applied value to three situations in West Papua, Indonesia.
The Pattern Recognition of Small-Scale Privately-Owned Forest in Ciamis Regency, West Java, Indonesia Siarudin Mohamad; San Afri Awang; Ronggo Sadono; Priyono Suryanto
Forest and Society Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): APRIL
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v6i1.17997

Abstract

Small-scale Privately-owned Forest (SSPF) has various patterns identification, based on the stand structure and species composition. The recognition and classification of the SSPF cropping patterns are required for further planning and policy development. Therefore, this study aims to classify the cropping pattern of SSPF in Ciamis Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. The data were collected by observing the stand structure and species composition of 150 plots of land, encompassing three Sub-districts representing the central, northern, and southern regions of Ciamis Regency. The four categorical variables include tree species composition, age, spatial distribution, and intercropping pattern. While the two continuous variables were stand density and basal area. The patterns obtained were classified based on a Two-Step Cluster algorithm with log-likelihood distance measure, and auto clustering using Schwarz's Bayesian Information Criterion, validated by silhouette index. In addition, a multicollinearity test was conducted to reduce redundancy in using variable sets. The results showed that, the improvement of the cluster quality based on the silhouette index value, was achievable by excluding the tree spatial distribution variable, which exhibits multicollinearity. The cropping patterns were classified into three categories, namely tree crops, mixed-tree lots, and agrisilviculture for group-1, group-2, and group-3, respectively. Group-1 consisted of stands with one or two commercial tree species, and in several cases, were intercropped. Group-2 contained uneven-aged mixed-tree stands without any crops. While Group-3 consisted of an intercropping system of uneven-aged mixed-tree stands and crops. The results suggest further analysis, in order to relate the cropping patterns with the socio-economic characteristics of the landowners, as well as the strategies for the development of a sustainable SSPF.
The Resilience of Rural Tourism and Adjustment Measures for Surviving The COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, Indonesia Novi Meilana Sari; Iwan Nugroho; Evi Nurifah Julitasari; Rita Hanafie
Forest and Society Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): APRIL
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v6i1.18054

Abstract

The COVID-19 virus pandemic has generated an unprecedented impact on all aspects of life, including rural tourism. This study aims to study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of homestay businesses in Gubukklakah Village, Malang Regency, and their adjustment measures to get out of the pandemic. A survey research with descriptive and quantitative approaches was conducted on 47 active homestay owners. 98% of the respondents stated that the pandemic affected their homestay business activities. About 44.6% of them said that the pandemic would not last long, while more than 50% of them said that the pandemic would last a long time. The pandemic has decreased the number of active homestays from 47 to 11, coupled with an 81% decline in income. Due to the pandemic, about 85.1% of the respondents returned to farming activities. The study suggests several actions that can be done to respond to the pandemic, namely the application of health protocols in various activities, the provision of cash or non-cash assistance to pandemic affected families, the strengthening of the agricultural sector and skilled human resources in tourism services, and the innovation of outdoor tourism products based on local uniqueness.
‘Complexation’ of Palm Oil in Indonesia: The Actors and Their Involvement in North Mamuju, West Sulawesi Mukrimin Mukrimin
Forest and Society Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): APRIL
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v6i1.13789

Abstract

This research examines the complexity of many significant changes in Indonesia's palm oil (PO) industry in North Mamuju, West Sulawesi, focusing on the actors' involvement. The PO commerce in this country continues to grow due to the increasing demand for crude palm oil (CPO) and kernel palm oil (KPO), low labor costs, vast lands, tropical climate, soil conditions, as well as domestic and global demand. Furthermore, private firms and smallholders continue to dominate the OP sector with continuous growth from upstream to downstream. This suggested that the PO industry has substantially impacted and helped change the newly constituted district of West Sulawesi, North Mamuju, by applying ethnographical modes of inquiry. According to the actors, the complexity of PO industry in this region is simply driven by the dynamics of the frontier inside and beyond PO plantations zona. Secondly, they are committed to ensuring that the region continues to be a center of PO industry to stimulate economic development in Sulawesi. Empirically, investment requirements and community attractiveness to PO continue to persuade local governments that the sector is the only development path. Local actors envision North Mamuju as the future hub for PO farmers in the East Indonesian region.
A Value Chain Approach to Forest Landscape Restoration: Insights from Vietnam’s Production-Driven Forest Restoration Nga Thi Ha; Simon Benedikter; Gerald Kapp
Forest and Society Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): APRIL
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v6i1.18038

Abstract

According to FAO figures, over 129 million hectares of forests have been lost globally since the 1990s, mainly in the tropical Global South, where agriculture acts as the main driver of forest conversion. International commitments, such as the Bonn Challenge, aim to reverse this trend through the application of forest landscape restoration (FLR) as an integrated and inclusive restoration approach. Beyond the discourse level, however, FLR implementation lags behind expectations due to insufficient funding and a disconnection with local implementation. We argue that, instead of relying on public resources for conservation-driven restoration, increased private sector engagement may point the way out of the funding impasse. However, this requires a shift towards production-driven FLR, which includes the livelihood needs of communities and smallholders as agents of landscape transition. For achieving the dual purpose of connecting landscapes with markets and promoting sustainable landscape restoration, we ascribe value chains and their economic, social and ecological configurations a key role in production-driven FLR. Drawing on Vietnam’s forest restoration pathway as an illustrative case, we examine how production-driven forest restoration, smallholder engagement and value chain upgrading can stimulate positive landscape transitions. We conclude that, depending on their configuration, value chains can have negative or positive social and ecological impacts at the landscape level. Furthermore, regulated, progressive and high-value commodity chains may perform better in the areas of integrated FLR objectives landscape integrity, ecological functionality and human well-being.
Impact of Climate Change and Variability on Spatiotemporal Variation of Forest Cover; World Heritage Sinharaja Rainforest, Sri Lanka Jayanga T. Samarasinghe; Miyuru B. Gunathilake; Randika K. Makubura; Shanika M.A. Arachchi; Upaka Rathnayake
Forest and Society Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): APRIL
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v6i1.18271

Abstract

Rainforests are continuously threatened by various anthropogenic activities. In addition, the ever-changing climate severely impacts the world’s rainforest cover. The consequences of these are paid back to human at a higher cost. Nevertheless, little or no significant attention was broadly given to this critical environmental issue. The World Heritage Sinharaja Rainforest in Sri Lanka is originating news on its forest cover due to human activities and changing climates. The scientific analysis is yet to be presented on the related issues. Therefore, this paper presents a comprehensive study on the possible impact on the Sinharaja Rainforest due to changing climate. Landsat images with measured rainfall data for 30 years were assessed and the relationships are presented. Results showcased that the built-up areas have drastically been increased over the last decade in the vicinity and the declared forest area. The authorities found the issues are serious and a sensitive task to negotiate in conserving the forest. The rainfall around the forest area has not shown significant trends over the years. Therefore, the health of forest cover was not severely impacted. Nevertheless, six cleared-up areas were found inside the Singaraja Rainforest under no human interactions. This can be due to a possible influence from the changing climate. This was justified by the temporal variation of Land Surface Temperature (LST) assessments over these six cleared-up areas. Therefore, the World Heritage rainforest is threatened due to human activities and under the changing climate change. Hence, the conservation of the Sinharaja Rainforest would be challenging in the future.
Determinant of Land Use Change in South Kalimantan: An Evidence from Banjarbaru City and Banjar Regency Supriatna Supriatna; Fathia Hashilah; Mutia Kamalia Mukhtar; Kartika Kusuma Wardani
Forest and Society Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): APRIL
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v6i1.18469

Abstract

Environmental degradation, biodiversity loss, climate change, and other environmental catastrophe are negative impacts caused by irresponsible land use change. It is vital to investigate the driver of the land use change to avoid undesirable environmental catastrophes. On the other hand, determinants of the occurrence of the land use change are very complex to be identified. In the last few years, floods hit many parts of the world, one of them was a massive flood in South Kalimantan in the last few years. There is a presumption that this disaster is caused by land use changes inside the watershed. This paper aims to identify the determinants of the land use change in Banjarbaru City and Banjar Regency inside Martapura and Maluka Watershed. This study found out that having a secure land tenure per se does not incentivize landowners to prevent land use change. However, having a secure land tenure is a crucial factor in affecting land use change if the land they own is in large size. Having secure land tenure with large land size affects the occurrence of land use changes significantly by conducting agricultural and plantation extensification. This situation depicts that agricultural and plantation extensification exists in the rural area of South Kalimantan, which is triggered by economic profit orientation. Thus, the accumulation of secure land tenure and large land size need to be considered as land use change determinants for current and future’s land use policy in the context of Indonesia.
The Nexus of COVID-19 Pandemic and Rural Agroforestry Farmers’ Livelihoods in Tasikmalaya Regency, East Priangan, Indonesia Levina Augusta Geraldine Pieter; Marcellinus Mandira Budi Utomo; Suhartono Suhartono; Aris Sudomo; Sanudin Sanudin; Eva Fauziyah; Tri Sulistyati Widyaningsih; Maria Palmolina; Aditya Hani; Carmen M Siagian
Forest and Society Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): APRIL
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v6i1.18773

Abstract

The agricultural sector is one of the aspects that was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study aims to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on agroforestry farmers’ livelihoods in rural areas. It was carried out in Tasikmalaya Regency, East Priangan, where mixed garden agroforestry farming supports part of the economic life of the community. The data used were collected between August and September 2021 by interviewing 33 farmer households. A coding and descriptive analysis were carried out to discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on agroforestry farmers and their strategies. Subsequently, the cost-income, revenue cost ratio, and labor productivity analyses were used to assess the feasibility of agroforestry farming before and during the pandemic. The results showed that government policies related to handling the pandemic in form of Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) and the Implementation of Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM) significantly affected the lives of farmers. These include decreased demand and commodity selling prices, difficulties in marketing agroforestry products, and a decrease in farmers' incomes by 38.45%. The agroforestry business has become less viable due to a reduction in farm productivity from R/C 1.1 before the pandemic to 0.85 during the pandemic, while farmer labor productivity decreased from US$ 3.00 to US$ 2.10. The farmers used direct cash assistance from the government and processed agroforestry products for sale and consumption as a survival strategy during the pandemic. Meanwhile, the government can help agroforestry farmers by increasing road access to rural areas, providing fertilizer and superior seeds, and also optimizing the role of livestock farmer groups.

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