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ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 22249028 EISSN : 22249028 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Education, Engineering,

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Mathematics

The coverage is focused on, but not limited to, the main areas of activity of ASEAN COST, namely: Biotechnology, Non-Conventional Energy Research, Materials Science and Technology, Marine Sciences, Meteorology and Geophysics, Food Science and Technology, Microelectronics and Information Technology, Space Applications, and Science and Technology Policy, Infrastructure and Resources Development.

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Articles 477 Documents

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A Clinical Audit for Compliance on the Innovated Radiographic Technique at a Radiologic Unit S. Ismanto; C.H. Hassan
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 33 No. 1 (2016): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

This study identifed X-ray laboratory users’ compliance with the innovated radiographic technique and evaluated it’s effectiveness in decreasing risks of repeating unnecessary X-ray exposure. The use of various steps in the standard operating procedures of radiography, proper radiographic technique and critique, practical protection measures, and radiographic positioning practice in X-ray laboratory at a private radiographic academy in Indonesia were audited. Thirty participants were used as the simple random sample. The demographic distribution was divided into, gender, nationality, and practical experience. Generally, out of 30 participants, 20 (67%) complied, and 10 (33%) did not. Radiograph image results showed that proper radiographic technique was effective in decreasing repetitive exposure among X-ray laboratory users.

Optimization of the Photochemical Degradation of Textile Dye Industrial Wastewaters T.H. Dang; T.P. Mai; M.T. Truong; L.T Dao; T.A.N Nguyen
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 33 No. 1 (2016): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

In this study, the photochemical degradation via photo-Fenton process was carried out to degrade dyes in textile industrial wastewaters. Experimental design methodology was also applied for optimizing effects of factors which influencethe effective treatment such as ferric dose, hydroperoxide dosage, initial pH, reaction time and initial chemical oxygen demand (COD). Two independent variables namely colour and COD removal efficiencieswere used to evaluate the treatment yield. Under the optimal conditions, ca. 99% and ca. 88%, colour, and COD were removed, respectively.

Factors Influencing ISO 14001 Firm’s Perceived Environmental Performance in Malaysia S. Rohati; M.N. Norlida; A.N.S.M. Syed Jamal
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 33 No. 1 (2016): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The changes in the global environmental conditions have placed great challenges on governments, industries, and societies. Business organizations are often blamed for being the sources of theseenvironmental problems. This study aimed to examine the factors influencing the perceived environmental performance of firms certified under the ISO 14001 in Malaysia. A total of 268 manufacturing companies responded to the questionnaires. In this study, structural equation modeling was applied to test the hypotheses. It was found that the “environmental policy”, “environmental training”, “regulatory stakeholder’s pressures”, and “customer pressures”, influence the firm’s perceived environmental performance in which “customer pressures”, was found to be the dominant factor. The measure of environmental performance was self-reported due to the lack of available data. Therefore, perceived environmental performance was employed for this study which is aperceived measure based on the dimensions of the ISO 14001 definition. This study provided a model to synthesize both internal (environmental policy and environmental training) and external (regulatory stakeholder’s pressure and customer pressures) constructs that influenced a firm’sperceived environmental performance. The empirical results and insights from interviews shed lights on the practitioners as to how to enhance a firm’s environmental performance through green practices.

Decision-making Processes for a Patient Admitted to the Accident and Emergency Department Requiring Emergency Abdominal X-ray ? A Case Study Y. Yuliawati
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 33 No. 1 (2016): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

This study investigated the application of the various processes involved in decision-making for acase requiring radiologic emergency abdominal X-ray examination to the Accident and Emergency Department in a government-owned hospital in West Java, Indonesia. It is also aimed to evaluate the patient who was experiencing abdominal pain accompanied by bloating, vomiting, severe constipation and abdominal cramps.The decision-making models used for this case were the normative, prescriptive and descriptive judgments. A decision tree in the form of decision options that was employed in this case addressed the normative model of decision-making, while the algorithm and information processing theory focused on the prescriptive model. Lastly, the intuition that was used in this case concentrated on the descriptive model of decision-making. An emergency abdominal X-ray was indicated for the patient ? a prescriptive decision. Options from decision trees were also practiced. However, the patient was in pain; therefore, she was unable to understand the alternatives that were presented. Hence, this choice was suggested by the author because, by intuition, the expectation was that the patient suffered from acute abdominal crisis.

Potential Application of ENR/EPDM Blends B.L. Chan
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 33 No. 1 (2016): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Since the process and conversion of natural rubber into epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) was discovered and patented by I. R. Gelling of the Malaysian Rubber Product Research Association (or now known as the Tun Razak laboratory), Brickendonbury, Hertford, in the United Kingdom, there are more than 10 000 technical and technological papers cited in the internet. Information on ENR is available, not only in the the English language but also other languages like Chinese, Malay, French, Thai and even German languages are used.NR is the most versatile and reactive rubber/elastomer. It is an advanced natural rubber which could be potentially used as a starting material for the development of other rubbers, modifie elastomers, for grafting, plastic-based materials and also thermoplastic rubbers. Its reactivity is dependent on its epoxy groups, the opening of its ring structure, and also the subsequent structures of carboxylic groups and the in-situ side-chains “carbon – carbon” double bonds (> C = C <). In some instances, up to 65% epoxidation of NR is possible and achieved for more oil resistance. For these reasons, there are many new and advanced materials which have been formed and developed in the last two decades.Among them, some of the recent research work is listed here. Apart from studies of compounding the ENR itself and its potential uses, there are many rubber-rubber blends and ENR rubber-plastics blends, some of the studies cited are “uses of new and advanced chemicals” and synthetic rubbers: ENR/NBR, ENR/PVC, ENR/polylactic acid blends, ENR/copolyester blends, ENR/Copolyamide Blends, ENR/poly (vinylidene fluoride)blends, ENR/Carbon Nanotubes with co-agent Trimethylol Propane Triacrylate, ENR /recycled silicon materials, and ENR/copolymer of n-butyl acrylate/butyl methacrylate “grafted”. Each of these blends has its own characteristics in terms of processing, enhancement of processing like safety, scorch, oil and water resistance properties, or some in the development of potential thermoplastic rubber and its thermoplastic vulcanizates.In this paper, the author would like to share some findingsof the ENR/EPDM blends that have good flexand dynamic properties, relatively low compression set, and tolerant tensile properties that satisfy most rubber products that are required for and used in the industrial, mechanical, and even automotive parts. More importantly, the sliding skid resistance/frictional property and wear resistance of the blends are also examined. In some blends, the thermal dynamic behaviour is also measured over a temperature range depicting the low-temperature stability, its temperature of transition and the dynamic factor like tangent delta (?). These are the potential factors that could enhance the blend properties that give possible, good high speed and traction, applicable in tyres.

Structures, Energies, and Bonding Analysis of Monoaurated Complexes with N-Heterocyclic Carbene and Analogues T.A.N. NGUYEN; T.P.L. HUYNH; T.X.P. VO; T.H. TRAN; D.S. TRAN; T.H. DANG; T.Q. DUONG
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 32 No. 1 (2015): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

In this work, we computationally investigated from quantum chemical calculations (DFT) at the BP86 level with the various basis sets def2-SVP, def2-TZVPP, and TZ2P+, chemical bonding issues of the recently described carbene-analogues gold(I) complexes AuCl-NHEMe (Au1-NHE) with E = C – Pb. The optimized structures and the metal-ligand bond dissociation energy (BDE) were calculated, and the nature of the E?Au bond was studied with charge and energy decomposition methods. The equilibrium structures of the system showed that there were major differences in the bonded orientation from the ligands NHC-NHPb to gold(I) complex between the lighter and the heavier homologues. The BDEs results showed that the metal-carbene analogues bonds were very strong bonds and the strongest bond was calculated for Au1-NHC which had the bond strength De = 79.2 kcal/mol. Bonding analysis of Au1-NHE showed that NHE ligands exhibited donor-acceptor bonds with the ? lone pair electrons of NHE donated into the vacant orbital of the acceptor fragment (AuCl). The EDA-NOCV results indicated that the ligand NHE in Au1-NHE complexes were strong ?-donors and very weak ? donor and the bond order in complexes was Au1-NHC > Au1-NHSi > Au1-NHGe > Au1-NHSn > Au1-NHPb. We also realised that the gold-ligand bond was characterized by a ? back-donation component from the Au to the ligand. All investigated complexes in this study were suitable targets for synthesis and gave a challenge in designing Au nano-crystals of narrow size distribution from gold(I) complexes that carried versatile N-heterocyclic carbene-analogues NHE.

Methanolysis of Crude Jatropha Oil using Heterogeneous Catalyst from the Seashells and Eggshells as Green Biodiesel A. N. R. REDDY; A. S. AHMED; M. D. ISLAM; S. HAMDAN
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 32 No. 1 (2015): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

In this work, heterogeneous calcium oxide catalysts gleaned from Polymedosa expansa and eggshell were investigated for the transesterification of crude jatropha oil with methanol, to access their prospective performance in biodiesel production as an alternative green energy resource. The best yield of biodiesel achieved was 96% in 1 h for Step 1 using 0.01:1 ratio of acid catalyst to oil and 0.6:1 ratio of alcohol to oil ratio, together with 2 h of Step 2 using 0.02:1 ratio with base catalyst CaO, derived from P. expansa, to oil ratio and 5:1 ratio of alcohol to oil. The properties of jatropha biodiesel were analyzed and found to have calorific value of 35.43 MJ/kg, density value of 895 kg/m3 and flash point of 167. The biodiesel was blended with mineral diesel from B0 to B50 for a diesel engine performance test. B20 indicated comparable characteristics with pure mineral diesel, like lowest fuel consumption rate, specific fuel consumption rate, highest brake horsepower and mechanical efficiency.

Decision-making Processes for a Do-not-resuscitate Poisoned Pediatric Patient Admitted to the Department of Emergency and Medical Services — A Case Study R. (III) P. DIOSO
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 32 No. 1 (2015): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A team of healthcare professionals in the Department of Emergency and Medical Services demonstrated decision-making processes for a poisoned pediatric patient with a Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order. At the same time, clinical guidelines for poison resuscitations were critically applied. Lastly, the case examined and evaluated emergency care, management, treatment and diagnostic laboratory tests for pediatric poisoned patients. Ideas on pertinent literatures of decision-making models, clinical guidelines on poison resuscitation and DNR policies were already known by the majority. In addition, ideas on the benefits such as becoming enlightened on how to make sound judgments in an emergency situation, particularly addressing issues on how to prioritize patients waiting in the emergency departments were featured. Poison resuscitations were decided upon by using the descriptive, normative and prescriptive clinical decision-making models in a fast-paced environment. But the most important outcome however, was the recognition of client/relative satisfaction from hospital services — the demonstration of a sound decision-making that is legally, physiologically and financially in tandem with patient needs.

Short Communication: Sulphur Levels and Fuel Quality in Peninsular Malaysia M. RAMALINGAM; A. AHMAD FUAD
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 32 No. 1 (2015): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

This paper presents the investigation on sulphur levels in fuels collected from different petrol stations in Peninsular Malaysia. Diesel and gasoline samples were analysed for sulphur using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry technique. In general, diesel concentrations of sulphur were only slightly lower than the Deprtment of Environment’s current sulphur limit of 500 p.p.m. across 2010–2014 (the range was 289–698 p.p.m., 374–410 p.p.m., 319–436 p.p.m., 447–605 p.p.m. and 300–477 p.p.m. for 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively). Sulphur concentrations were relatively low in gasoline samples: the mean figures were 95, 77, 96, 74, 240 and 125 for 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively when compared with the sulphur limit of 500 p.p.m.. The importance of determining sulphur concentration in fuel oils was critical in the efforts to determine if the vehicles used quality fuels that comply with Euro 2 Standards; and also was relevant in meeting Euro 4 Standards requirement of 50 p.p.m. sulphur that was proposed to be adopted in the future.

Periphytic Diatoms in the Polluted Linggi (sensu stricto) and Kundor Rivers, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia I.S.A. NATHER KHAN
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 32 No. 1 (2015): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The investigation in this paper aimed to describe periphytic diatom assemblage, species composition and distribution in tropical polluted Linggi (sensu stricto or s.s.) and Kundor rivers in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Regardless of ecological and environmental conditions, diatoms were the numerically dominant flora among periphytic algae collected monthly over a period of 13 months at nine stations in the Linggi (s.s.) and Kundor rivers. The freshwater periphytic diatom samples were collected mainly using artificial substrates and supplemented with natural substrates. The periphytic diatoms thus collected from both natural and artificial substrates comprised 86 taxa (82 pennate and 4 centric forms) belonging to 21 genera. Of the 86 species, 71 species were found colonized in artificial substrates while the remaining 15 species were recorded exclusively on natural substrates. On the whole, the most common diatoms in both rivers combined were Eunotia vanheurckii, Gomphonema parvulum, Nitzschia palea, Pinnularia braunii, Navicula cryptocephala, Achnanthes saxonica, Achnanthes minutissima and Pinnularia microstauron. The most abundant species were E. vanheurckii, N. palea, A. saxonica, G. parvulum and A. minutissima.

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