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ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

ajstd
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 22249028 EISSN : 22249028 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Education, Engineering,

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Mathematics

The coverage is focused on, but not limited to, the main areas of activity of ASEAN COST, namely: Biotechnology, Non-Conventional Energy Research, Materials Science and Technology, Marine Sciences, Meteorology and Geophysics, Food Science and Technology, Microelectronics and Information Technology, Space Applications, and Science and Technology Policy, Infrastructure and Resources Development.

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Articles 6 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol. 29 No. 2 (2012): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)" : 6 Documents clear

Performance of Jatropha Oil-based Biodiesel Fuel in a Single-cylinder Four-Stroke Diesel Engine H.H Win
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 29 No. 2 (2012): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Studies on alternative fuels have been active in Myanmar because the rapid mechanization of the agricultural sector demands higher diesel consumption. Jatropha oil-based biodiesel is one of the potential alternatives because of the relative ease of growing and producing this plant. In this study, both the experimental and theoretical analyses of Jatropha oil-based B20 biodiesel wereperformed and compared with conventional diesel. First, B20 was prepared by the base-catalyzed transesterification of the oil and its properties were measured. Second, separate performance tests were conducted on diesel and the biodiesel fuel using a LEYER-16 diesel engine. The speed range of interest was between 1000 r.p.m and 2000 r.p.m. Third, performance simulations were done in MATLAB using an algorithm written based on the theory of the engine operating cycle and air/ fuel compositions. Both experimental and simulation results show that there were no significant differences in the brake power and thermal efficiency of the engine between using diesel and the B20 diesel. However, fuel consumption when using B20 was slightly higher than that of diesel. This difference was marginal and it can be concluded that engine performance characteristics are the same for both diesel and B20 suggesting that B20 has great potential to be used as a substitute for diesel.

Developing a Generalized Combined Model for Gas-liquid Two-phase Flow Pressure Drop in Elbow Bends N.Z Aung; T Yuwono
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 29 No. 2 (2012): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

In this work, a generalized combined model was proposed for prediction of two-phase flow pressure drop in elbow bends. In this proposed model, restriction, frictional and elevational losses were considered separately. The frictional and static losses were approached by using Lockhart_Martinelli correlation. This model was tested to predict the pressure drop across the elbows with inside diameter of 0.036 m and R/D = 0.6, 2.5. The superficial liquid velocity was varied in the range of0.3~1.1 m/s and volumetric gas quality was varied from 0.02~0.3. The results from this model had good predictions with a maximum error of ±13% for long elbow bends and showed great discrepancy with a peak error of –50% for short elbow bends. The model is reliably acceptable for the elbow bends with relative radius (R/D) greater than 2 at volumetric gas fractions less than 0.3.

Ethanol Production in Yeasts Isolated from Fermented Kitchen Waste S Wong; S.K Wong; J.S Bujang
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 29 No. 2 (2012): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Microbial ethanol is a potential substitute for the non-renewable fossil fuel which is depleting. Yeasts have been long and extensively studied for ethanol production. The objectives of this study were to isolate yeasts from fermented kitchen waste and to determine their ethanol production performances. A number of fifteen yeasts were isolated from fermented kitchen waste. The yeastswere then grouped based on their ability to ferment different types of sugars. Three yeast isolates were selected for the analysis of ethanol production. Fermentation was carried out for 72 h in yeast extract peptone dextrose broth containing 18% glucose. Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopy was used to monitor the ethanol production and glucose utilization. Isolate Y4 achieved the highest ethanol production at the level of 16%, while Y6 and Y8 demonstrated 12% and 11% ethanol yields, respectively. The isolates Y4, Y6 and Y8 were identified using universal fungal primers ITS1 and ITS4. The yeast isolates were closest to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (76%), Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (56%) and Saccharomyces boulardii (64%), respectively. This studyshowed that fermented kitchen waste could serve as a good source of yeasts for ethanol production.

Chemical Composition of Leaf and Seed Oils of Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. (Dipterocarpaceae) A.S Kamariyah; T Ozek; B Demirci; K.H.C. Baser
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 29 No. 2 (2012): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The essential oils of the leaves and seed of Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. obtained by hydrodistillation resulted in 0.07% and 1.89% yield, respectively. These oils were then examined by GC-MS. Eighty-three components (plus an unknown) were identified from the leaf oil, representing 92% of the oil. Oxygenated monocyclic monoterpenes (terpinen-4-ol 15%, ?-terpineol 16%), bicyclic monoterpene (?-pinene 7%) and oxygenated bicyclic sesquiterpene (globulol 8%) were the major constituents. In the case of the seed oil, 31 components were identified, representing 100% of the oil, while acyclic monoterpene (myrcene 5%), monocyclic monoterpene (limonene 6%), bicyclic monoterpenes (?-pinene 41%, ?-thujene and b-pinene 13% each, sabinene 6%), and bicyclic sesquiterpene (bicyclogermacrene 6%) made up the major components. The remaining constituents of each oil (54% and 10%, respectively) were found to be minor (?4% each). The chemical compositions of both oils differed quantitatively but showed important qualitative similarities and differences. The results of this study serve as the first report of complete chemical profiles of both oils.

Evaluation of Mixture Viscosity Models in the Prediction of Two-phase Flow Pressure Drops N.Z Aung; T Yuwono
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 29 No. 2 (2012): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Nine existing mixture viscosity models were tested for predicting a two-phase pressure drop for oil-water flow and refrigerant (R.134a) flow. The predicted data calculated by using these mixture viscosity models were compared with experimental data. Predicted data from using one group of mixture viscosity models had a good agreement with the experimental data for oil-water two-phase flow. Another group of viscosity models was preferable for gas-liquid flow, but these models gave underestimated values with an error of about 50%. A new and more reliable mixture viscosity model was proposed for use in the prediction of pressure drop in gas-liquid two-phase flow.

Utilization of Agricultural Wastes in the Manufacture of Composite Boards P.M Macatangay; E.C Mangundayao; C.A.M Rosales
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 29 No. 2 (2012): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Development of useful composite materials out of agricultural waste has become a desirable option in recycling. This led to the production of composite boards being used in the construction industry. In this paper, three types of available agricultural wastes in the province of Batangas — peanut shells, corn husks and banana sheath — were independently utilized in the production of composite boards. The raw materials were either air or sun dried, then crushed (for peanut shells) and extracted (for banana sheath and corn husks) before mixing with the binder. Urea formaldehyde (UF) was used as binder for peanut shells and banana sheaths while cleaned used plastic bags were chopped and mixed with corn husks before subjecting to hot compress machine. For each mat, the followingproportions were used:1000 gm banana fibres, 500 gm of UF mixed with 250 gm of water; 720 gm of crushed peanut shells, 133 gm UF with 12% resin content; 40% corn husks, 60% plastic strips by weight. The physical and mechanical characteristics like modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bond, face screw head test (FSHT) or Nail Head Pull through (NHPT), water absorption and thicknessswelling were determined for each board and the results were compared to the values set by the Philippine National Standards (PNS). Based on statistical results, the corn husk-plastic composite boards conformed to all parameters in the PNS; the density, thickness swelling, IBS, and NHPT/ FSHT of peanut shell-resin composite boards conformed to the PNS; and the thickness swelling,density, MOR and NHPT/FSHT of the banana sheath-UF composite boards conformed to the PNS.

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