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ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

ajstd
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 22249028 EISSN : 22249028 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Education, Engineering,

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Mathematics

The coverage is focused on, but not limited to, the main areas of activity of ASEAN COST, namely: Biotechnology, Non-Conventional Energy Research, Materials Science and Technology, Marine Sciences, Meteorology and Geophysics, Food Science and Technology, Microelectronics and Information Technology, Space Applications, and Science and Technology Policy, Infrastructure and Resources Development.

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Articles 8 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol. 30 No. 1-2 (2013): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)" : 8 Documents clear

Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations of Gas-liquid Two-phase Flow Characteristics through a Vertical to Horizontal Right Angled Elbow N. Z. Aung; T. Yuwono
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 30 No. 1-2 (2013): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Having a clear understanding on the phase distribution of gas-liquid two-phase flow through elbow bends is vital in mixing and separation system designs. This paper presents the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and experimental observations of gas-liquid two-phase flow pattern characteristic through a vertical to horizontal right angled (90°) elbow. Experimental observations were conducted in a transparent test section that consisted of a vertical pipe, elbow bend and horizontal pipe with an inside diameter of 0.036 m. The CFD simulations were performed by using a computer software package, FLUENT 6.2. Bubbly flow conditions were created in the vertical test section with the variation of superficial liquid Reynolds number from 13 497 to 49 488 and volumetric gas quality from 0.05 to 0.2. The CFD results showed a good agreement with experimental results in the following observations. The results showed that gas-liquid flow pattern inside and downstream of the elbow bend mainly depended on liquid velocity and it is also influenced by gas quality at high liquid velocities. At lower liquid velocities, gas-liquid separation began early in the elbow bend and gas-phase migrated to outer bend. Then, it smoothly transformed to stratified flow at elbow outlet. When the liquid velocity was further increased, the liquid phase occupied the outer bend rubbing the gas phase to the inner bend and delayed the formation of gas layer in the horizontal pipe. The increase of gas quality in higher liquid velocities promoted gas core formation at the elbow exit and caused wavy gas layers at the downstream of the elbow.

Performance Appraisal of Non-governmental Organizations: A Discussion on Pakistan 2010 Floods Response and Recovery A. Ali; N. Baig; A. Khan
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 30 No. 1-2 (2013): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The paper examines in detail the role of NGOs (Non-governmental Organizations) in response and recovery phase of a disaster. Donors, INGOs (International Non-governmental Organizations) and NGOs work for the betterment of affected community but due to certain shortfalls, the community did not benefit as much as intended. In this research those gray areas are highlighted in detail through field visits and interaction with the community devastated by 2010 floods. Lack of inter-agency cooperation, partnership with inexperienced local NGOs and lack of transparency and accountability mechanisms are those areas which reduce the effectiveness of response and recovery efforts. These gray areas cause loss of precious resources and duplication of efforts which results in increased vulnerability of that particular community.

Toughening of Bisphenol-A Diglycidyl Ether-based Epoxy by Modification with Hydroxyl-terminated Liquid Natural Rubber H. L. Pham; B. T. Do; T. S. Pham; D. G. Le
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 30 No. 1-2 (2013): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Hydroxyl-terminated liquid natural rubbers (HTNRs), prepared by the Photo-Fenton reaction, were used to modify bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether-based epoxy (DGEBA). A chemical link between HTNRs and the epoxy resin was promoted employing toluene diisocyanate. The reactions between elastomers and epoxy resin were followed by FTIR. The mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated and the microstructure was investigated using scanning electronic microscopy. The results showed that the impact resistance of HTNR-modified DGEBA was superior to that of the pure epoxy resin. For the composites with HTNR, the impact resistance increased with elastomer concentration up to 2.5 parts per hundred parts of resin. Higher concentration of HTNR resulted in larger particles which gave lower impact values.

Synthesis and Characterisation of Hydroxyl-terminated Liquid Natural Rubber by Photo-Fenton Reaction H. L. Pham; B. T. Do; T. S. Pham; D. G. Le
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 30 No. 1-2 (2013): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Hydroxyl-terminated liquid natural rubber (HTNR) was prepared by the photo-Fenton reaction, which was carried out in solution in the presence of H2O2/Fe(II) combined with UV irradiation. The HTNR obtained was characterized by GPC, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT-NMR spectroscopy as well as by chemical methods. A probable mechanism leading to the formation of HTNR was discussed based on the analytical data.

Physical Fitness and Metabolic Profile among Malay Undergraduates of a Public University in Selangor Malaysia M. Emad; M. Kandiah; W. K. Lim; M. Y. Barakatun-Nisak; A. Rahmat; S. Norasruddin; M. Appukutty
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 30 No. 1-2 (2013): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

This study investigated health-related components of physical fitness consisting of morphological fitness (body fat % or BF %; Body Mass Index or BMI; and waist circumference or WC), metabolic fitness (blood glucose, lipid profiles and haemoglobin) and aerobic capacity (VO2max). This crosssectional study involved 324 undergraduates recruited voluntarily by systematic random sampling from a public university in the city Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia. The respondents’ aerobic capacity was measured by field fitness tests and anthropometric measurements using standard protocols. The mean BMI of respondents was 22.51 ± 4.18 kg/m2, and majority of the respondents (93%) are within normal range of WC. The prevalence of underweight was 13.5% and overweight/obese was 20.2%. The blood glucose levels of respondents were within the normal range (94.4%) and about 5% of female respondents had moderate anaemia. More than 70% of the males and 25% of the females had poor VO2max levels (aerobic capacity). In summary, the present results suggest the necessity of health promotion programme focusing on physical activity and nutrition for university students.

A Preliminary Study: Comparative Toxicity of Extracts from Tinospora tuberculata Beumee and Lumnitzera racemosa Willd on Aedes aegypti Linnaeus Larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) A. A. Wahizatul; R. Shasita
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 30 No. 1-2 (2013): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Research has been widely made on the potential use of herbal plants as effective agents for mosquito vector control. However, only a few studies have been carried out to investigate the potential insecticidal activity of mangrove plants against these dengue vectors. This study was carried out to examine the comparative toxicity of two mangrove plants, Tinospora tuberculata and Lumnitzera racemosa against the Aedes aegypti larvae. The leaf and stem of T. tuberculata and L. racemosa, were extracted using 95% methanol and these extracts bioassayed against the 3rd instar larvae of aegypti under laboratory conditions. The LC50 values of the crude extract of T. tuberculata stem and leaf were 0.5778 mg/ml and 0.7213 mg/ml, respectively. For L. racemosa, the LC50 value for stem was 1.2833 mg/ml and 1.1957 mg/ml for leaf. However, no significant differences in toxicity were detected for the stem and leaf of both plants. Both plants, especially T. tuberculata might contain insecticidal components toxic to larvae of Ae aegypti.

Biodegradation of NR Latex-based Materials via a Carbon Dioxide Evolution Method F. M. S. Shabinah; M. Y. A. Hashim
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 30 No. 1-2 (2013): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

NR as a natural polymer has biodegradable characteristics and their existence was examined using CO2 evolution methods. The CO2 molecule produced by micro-organism metabolisms in the degradation system was quantified using a conventional acidimetric method. An aerobic system was determined as most suitable condition to be examined under this method. The presence of O2 in the system would help micro-organisms to destabilize the natural polymer. The material of LATZ, HA film and NR gloves showed significant weight loss and were able to produce CO2 evolution curves after 45 days in the biodegradation system compared to synthetic polyisoprene films. Gel permeation chromatography, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron micrograph were used to characterize the degraded sample at molecular and physical levels.

Effects of Chocolates Using Low Calorie Cocoa Butter Substitutes on Rat’s Plasma Profile and Determination of Sn-1,3 Position B.. Ros-Haniza; S. Mamot
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 30 No. 1-2 (2013): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The present study sought to determine the effectiveness of newly developed low calorie chocolate using modified fat through enzymatic interesterification process as cocoa butter substitute of male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 35) compared to cocoa butter as control. Body weight gains did not differ significantly (p>0.05) in all the test groups fed with chocolates which were using different types of fats. Triacylglycerol and cholesterol test showed no significant difference (p>0.05) for all treatment samples. in this study, a pancreatic lipase hydrolysis was performed to determine the fatty acid composition of the sn-2 position of the structure lipids.

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