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ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 22249028 EISSN : 22249028 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Education, Engineering,

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Mathematics

The coverage is focused on, but not limited to, the main areas of activity of ASEAN COST, namely: Biotechnology, Non-Conventional Energy Research, Materials Science and Technology, Marine Sciences, Meteorology and Geophysics, Food Science and Technology, Microelectronics and Information Technology, Space Applications, and Science and Technology Policy, Infrastructure and Resources Development.

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Articles 24 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol. 35 No. 1-2 (2018): Extent of transfer of alien invasive organisms in South/Southeast Asia regio" : 24 Documents clear

ASEAN-India Cooperation Project on ‘Extent of Transfer of Alien Invasive Organisms in South/Southeast Asia Region by Shipping’ Arga Chandrasekar Anil; Koh Siang Tan
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 35 No. 1-2 (2018): Extent of transfer of alien invasive organisms in South/Southeast Asia regio
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A brief background of events leading to the successful implementation of the first ASEAN-India project on marine sciences is provided. Coordinated by India and Singapore, the project, entitled ‘Extent of transfer of alien invasive organisms in South/Southeast Asia region by shipping’ served to develop regional cooperation and networks to address the issue of alien invasive organisms, provide training for ASEAN scientists, as well as obtain baseline information on pest species for port management in the light of IMO’s Ballast Water Management Convention. The project was completed with an international workshop held in Chiangmai, Thailand where some 29 presentations were made by ASEAN and Indian scientists based on the project activities. A total of 23 original articles are included in this volume. A proposal to implement a second phase of the project was formally submitted to the ASEAN-India Cooperation Fund in 2016.

Ballast Water Control and Management in Brunei Darussalam Hjh Zuliza Hj Jolkifli; Ranimah H.A Wahab
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 35 No. 1-2 (2018): Extent of transfer of alien invasive organisms in South/Southeast Asia regio
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The ongoing transfer of non-indigenous organisms through shipping, especially via ballast water transport, is placing marine and coastal resources under increased threat. The transport of Invasive Alien Species (IAS) is a critical issue which may cause irreversible consequences to receiving environments and economies needing particular attention. The main objective of this paper is to highlight the importance for implementation of ballast water management measures in Brunei Darussalam. This paper recognised IAS intrusion via ballast water has high probability to have direct effects on the economic value of fisheries sector, thus the need for an effective ballast water management strategy. Management of ballast water is a complex issue and horizontal policy is the appropriate approach for building this management framework in addition to valid baseline and efficient monitoring. Further studies such as development risk assessment model and assessment of different management measures are critical for an effective prevention, eradication and control strategy.

Plate Settlement: Determination of Fouling Organisms in Brunei Hjh Zuliza Hj Jolkifli; Ranimah H.A Wahab
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 35 No. 1-2 (2018): Extent of transfer of alien invasive organisms in South/Southeast Asia regio
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Shipping is considered a primary vector of biological invasion. Hull fouling is recognized as one of the common vectors involved in the translocation of marine pests that may have deleterious impacts to ecology and economy. In an effort to understand the fouling communities within Brunei waters and as an early attempt to obtain baseline data, PVC plates were deployed at a depth of 1 meter, checked for taxa composition and replaced with new plates monthly and quarterly over a period of one year. The Caribbean bivalve Mytilopsis sallei was absent throughout the period of study, and plates were mainly colonized by native fouling species and silt. Nevertheless, further verification on the absence of Invasive Alien Species (IAS) is still required. This study summarizes the improved methods of analysis for better control and management in order to impede the incursion or invasion of undesirable species.

Ship-mediated Marine Bioinvasions: Need for a Comprehensive Global Action Plan Arga Chandrasekar Anil; Venkat Krishnamurthy
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 35 No. 1-2 (2018): Extent of transfer of alien invasive organisms in South/Southeast Asia regio
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Concern for marine bioinvasion has drawn international attention. The action plans in place to address this issue and those that are being promulgated are in need of a reassessment. A review of invertebrate invasions across the world indicates inter-linkages between vectors. In this paper an effort is made to illustrate the geographical spread of invasive invertebrate organisms from different bioregions and the possible causes for their success. Shipping, which is the major vector identified for the success of marine bioinvasion, needs to be addressed in tandem with domestic, intra- and inter-regional precautionary measures, as prevention is the only cure.

Ballast Water Risk Assessment: the Indian experience Venkat Krishnamrthy; Subhash Sawant; Arga Chandrashekar Anil
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 35 No. 1-2 (2018): Extent of transfer of alien invasive organisms in South/Southeast Asia regio
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The Ballast Water Risk Assessment serves as a “Decision Support System” for any given port to take appropriate ballast water management actions. Risk assessment involves collation of data from the ballast water reporting forms to identify the source of ballast water. The environmental characteristics of the source and recipient ports are utilized to evaluate the similarities. This is then combined with other risk factors, including voyage duration and risk species to gain a preliminary indication of the overall risk posed by each source port. The results will help in evaluating the risk posed by ballast water introductions, and decide whether to apply a blanket or selective ballast water management regime. The experience in India with ballast water risk assessment showed that manually submitted ballast water reporting forms were ridden with inaccuracies. Self-validating electronic ballast water reporting forms (e-BWRF) were introduced to overcome such inaccuracies. Our experience with the risk assessment conducted in an Indian port Visakhapatnam, suggests that the local ports pose higher risk of introduction. However, under such circumstances a risk reduction factor was introduced in the method to counter geographical proximities. The paper provides lessons learnt through ballast water risk assessment and the necessary corrective actions taken thereof.

Numerical Modelling of Ballast Water Dispersion in Different Bioregions along the Coast of India M.T. Babu; K Sudheesh; P Vethamony; S Anuvindha
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 35 No. 1-2 (2018): Extent of transfer of alien invasive organisms in South/Southeast Asia regio
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Aquatic organisms and pathogens may become major threats to the coastal and marine environment when introduced into a region beyond their natural distributions through ballast water (BW). Coastal currents induced by tides and winds, especially ebb currents, may facilitate the spread of these marine organisms along nearshore and inshore areas. Numerical modelling of hydrodynamics is an effective tool to track the dispersion of these organisms in the receiving water body through BW release. Particle transport models can be used to track the advection and dispersion of these organisms. Alternatively, the difference in salinity of the BW and coastal waters can be used as a tracer to estimate the dispersion pattern. Tides and winds present in the region at the time of BW release are responsible for the dispersal of the particles present in BW discharge. Based on advection and dispersion processes, the transport of the marine organisms present in the BW can be studied using numerical models. Numerical modelling studies were carried out using the 2-D hydrodynamic model MIKE21 HD, to understand the pattern of BW dispersion at select bioregions along the east and west coasts of India. Mangalore Port located along the west coast in Bioregion-I (CIO-I) and Chennai Port on the east coast in Bioregion-II (CIO-II) were selected for the modelling study. Results obtained from ballast water dispersion modelling studies will be useful for developing and assisting port-based ballast water management programmes for CIO-I and CIO-II regions. The currents are predominantly tide driven near the ports situated along the west coast and the circulation exhibited reversals associated with the tidal currents. However, along the east coast of India, the particles largely followed coastal currents - advected either southward or northward under the influence of prevailing coastal currents in the offshore region and tidal reversals showed had less impact. This information proved useful for determining suitable locations for BW discharge and monitoring points for field sampling in connection with BW release.

Biofouling Community Structure in a Tropical Estuary of Goa on the West Coast of India Dattesh V Desai; Venkat Krishnamurthy; Arga Chandrashekar Anil
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 35 No. 1-2 (2018): Extent of transfer of alien invasive organisms in South/Southeast Asia regio
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Biofouling community structure was studied in a tropical monsoon-influenced Mandovi estuary in Goa, west coast of India. Monthly, seasonal and yearly observations on biofouling on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) panels immersed at subsurface water level were recorded and photographed from May 2012 to September 2013. The barnacle Balanus amphitrite was the dominant fouling organism followed by calcareous polychaetes. The settlement and recruitment of barnacles took place year-round, with the exception of July 2012 and June 2013 (monsoon months). However, their peak abundance was observed during the later months of monsoon (August and September). Polychaetes were dominant during late post-monsoon and pre-monsoon months (December 2012 to April 2013). Silt and slime were observed throughout the observation period. Comparing the fouling pressure of barnacles in the two monsoon seasons (2012 and 2013), fouling was more intense during the monsoon of 2013, indicating an inter-annual variation in the fouling community.

Marine Macroalgae: Prospective Hitchhikers of Ship Ballast Temjensangba Imchen
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 35 No. 1-2 (2018): Extent of transfer of alien invasive organisms in South/Southeast Asia regio
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Invasive alien species, on successful establishment, can displace native species. The threat of invasive species arises in view of their ability to outcompete and destabilize native biodiversity. Invasive species are found across all taxonomic groups of plants, animals and microorganisms. The green macroalga Ulva flexuosa has a potential to become invasive and this species was investigated for its hitchhiking potential under laboratory conditions. Zoospores of U. flexuosa were maintained at 4°C for nearly 10 months in the dark. Recruitment potential of zoospores after dark stress was tested in a modified Provasoli medium under optimal laboratoryconditions. The success rate of zoospore recruitment was 61%. The paper describes the transfer potential through shipping activities by correlating the Ulva zoospores recruitment potential and survivability.

Role of Reporting in Compliance Monitoring and Enforcement of Ballast Water Management Kaushal E. Mapari; Venkat Krishnamurty; Arga Chandrashekar Anil
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 35 No. 1-2 (2018): Extent of transfer of alien invasive organisms in South/Southeast Asia regio
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The Decision Support System (DSS) for ballast water management in any given port is dependent on the availability of information on ballast water carried by a ship in advance. Collation of information through Ballast Water Reporting Forms (BWRF) has been adopted by several countries. This paper provides a comparison of the reporting forms adopted by some of the countries and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) recommended BWRF. The manually submitted reporting forms have several limitations and India has developed a self-validating Electronic Ballast Water Reporting Form (e-BWRF) to overcome such issues. In addition, the possible direction for reporting in the future is also presented.

Recent Trends of Demersal Marine Fish and Invertebrate Production in Southeast Asia – A Hypothesis-based Analysis Vinay P. Padate; Chandrashekher U. Rivonker
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 35 No. 1-2 (2018): Extent of transfer of alien invasive organisms in South/Southeast Asia regio
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Demersal marine fish and invertebrate production data for Southeast Asia (1996–2007) obtained from the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC) statistical bulletin indicated a reduced production by Thailand largely due to over-exploitation and altered coastal ecosystems. In contrast, increased production by Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia was due to an increase in mechanised fishing fleets. Moreover, marginal increases in the ecosystem indicators were attributed to increased exploitation of high and mid trophic level organisms suggesting the development of “top-down” cascade effect in the future. In this bioregion, land use pattern affecting water quality coupled with altered monsoonal sequences and rising sea surface temperatures interfere with biological processes. The most apparent manifestations of these disturbances are recurrences of extensive algal blooms and coral bleaching events. Fish mortality as a result of these events threatens to weaken the native biota and facilitate invasions that would modify the trophic dynamics of the coastal habitats.

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