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INDONESIA
Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum untuk Keadilan dan Kesejahteraan
Published by Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat
ISSN : 2087295X     EISSN : 26142813     DOI : -
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Negara Hukum is a journal containing various documents, analyzes, studies, and research reports in the field of law. Jurnal Negara Hukum has been published since 2010 and frequently published twice a year.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 11 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 12, No 2 (2021): JNH VOL 12 NO 2 November 2021" : 11 Documents clear
Preface JNH Vol. 12 No. 2 November 2021 JNH JNH
Jurnal Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum Untuk Keadilan Vol 12, No 2 (2021): JNH VOL 12 NO 2 November 2021
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Badan Keahlian Setjen DPR RI

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Abstract

Pembentukan Lembaga Pengawas Pelindungan Data Pribadi dalam Perspektif Pembentukan Lembaga Negara Baru (Establishment of a Personal Data Protection Supervisory Agency in the Perspective of the Establishment of a New State Institution) Denico Doly
Jurnal Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum Untuk Keadilan Vol 12, No 2 (2021): JNH VOL 12 NO 2 November 2021
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Badan Keahlian Setjen DPR RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22212/jnh.v12i2.2357

Abstract

The rules for protecting personal data are spread across various laws and regulations. This causes sectoral supervision over the implementation of personal data protection, with the government has not optimally protected public personal data, and the institutions responsible for protecting personal data are also not yet integrated in nature. This article examines the urgency of establishing a personal data protection supervisory agency and what the ideal form of the institution is. This paper aims to examine the urgency and ideal form of a personal data protection supervisory agency. In writing the article which uses a normative juridical approach and is analyzed qualitatively, it is stated that the urgency of establishing a personal data protection institution, are namely, first, to ensure that the rules for protecting personal data are implemented; second, there are countries who have established personal data protection supervisory agencies; third, supervision and law enforcement of personal data protection is currently still insubstantial; fourth, the high number of legal subjects of personal data protection; fifth, there are multiple personal data controllers or processors; and sixth, there is still a lack of public awareness on personal data protection. The ideal form of a personal data protection supervisory agency should be an  independent state institution that is formed by law and is an auxiliary state’s organ, which has the functions, duties, and authorities regulated by law. The establishment of this personal data protection supervisory agency needs to be regulated in the Personal Data Protection Law.  AbstrakAturan pelindungan data pribadi tersebar di berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan. Hal ini menyebabkan pengawasan atas pelaksanaan pelindungan data pribadi bersifat sektoral, pemerintah belum optimal melakukan pelindungan data pribadi masyarakat, dan lembaga yang bertanggung jawab untuk melindungi data pribadi juga masih belum terintegrasi. Artikel ini mengkaji urgensi pembentukan lembaga pengawas pelindungan data pribadi dan bagaimana bentuk ideal lembaga tersebut. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji urgensi dan bentuk ideal lembaga pengawas pelindungan data pribadi. Dalam penulisan artikel yang menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif dan dianalisis secara kualitatif, disebutkan urgensi pembentukan lembaga pelindungan data pribadi, yaitu kesatu, untuk memastikan aturan pelindungan data pribadi diimplementasikan; kedua berbagai negara membentuk lembaga pengawas pelindungan data pribadi; ketiga, pengawasan dan penegakan hukum pelindungan data pribadi saat ini masih lemah; keempat, banyaknya subjek hukum pelindungan data pribadi; kelima, pengendali atau prosesor data pribadi yang banyak; dan keenam, masih kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat akan pelindungan data pribadi. Bentuk ideal lembaga pengawas pelindungan data pribadi sebaiknya berupa lembaga negara independen yang dibentuk dengan undang-undang dan bersifat auxalari state’s organ, yang memiliki fungsi, tugas, dan kewenangan yang diatur dalam undang-undang. Pembentukan lembaga pengawaspelindungan data pribadi ini perlu diatur dalam UU Pelindungan Data Pribadi.
Back Pages JNH Vol. 12 No. 2 Tahun 2021 JNH JNH
Jurnal Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum Untuk Keadilan Vol 12, No 2 (2021): JNH VOL 12 NO 2 November 2021
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Badan Keahlian Setjen DPR RI

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Abstract

Quo Vadis Undang-Undang Hak Cipta Indonesia: Perbandingan Konsep Ciptaan Artificial Intelligence di Beberapa Negara (Quo Vadis Indonesian Copyright Law: Comparison of Artificial Intelligence Creation Concepts in Several Countries) Rahmadi Indra Tektona
Jurnal Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum Untuk Keadilan Vol 12, No 2 (2021): JNH VOL 12 NO 2 November 2021
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Badan Keahlian Setjen DPR RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22212/jnh.v12i2.2144

Abstract

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in production are expected in this era of sophisticated technology. However, there are deep concerns that AI technology will run out of control. With advanced technology, it was only a matter of time these systems began to produce amazing inventions without human intervention. This raises questions regarding intellectual property rights because it is not only disrupting the concept of copyright but also leads to questions related to the relevance of the Copyright Law, which, however, is considered lagging in responding to this development of AI. Through a conceptual approach and using normative, doctrinal legal research methods, and comparative studies, as well as using qualitative analysis techniques, this article argues that a conceptualization and redefinition of the regulation and legal framework related to copyright is needed as well as presenting social and legal tools to control the functions and outcomes of AI system. The recommendation in this article, the Government, should be aware of the great urgency of providing incentives needed by programmers and AI owners to stimulate future development and investment in AI. To accommodate AI-generated works, the Government needs to redesign the Indonesian Copyright Law to accommodate copyright issues, moral and economic rights, and the protection period for AI-created works; and consider adopting the use of the work made for hire concept. AbstrakPenggunaan sistem artificial intelligence (AI) dalam produksi merupakan hal biasa di era teknologi yang serba canggih. Namun, ada keprihatinan yang mendalam bahwa teknologi AI akan menjadi tidak terkendali. Dengan teknologi canggih, hanya masalah waktu sistem ini mulai menghasilkan penemuan yang luar biasa tanpa campur tangan manusia. Hal ini menimbulkan pertanyaan terkait hak kekayaan intelektual karena tidak hanya mendisrupsi konsep hak cipta, tetapi juga mengarah pada munculnya pertanyaan terkait relevansi UU Hak Cipta yang bagaimanapun dinilai tertinggal dalam merespon perkembangan AI ini. Melalui pendekatan konseptual dan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif, doktrinal, dan studi perbandingan, serta menggunakan teknik analisis kualitatif, artikel ini berpendapat bahwa dibutuhkan sebuah konseptualisasi dan redefinisi terhadap regulasi dan kerangka hukum terkait hak cipta serta menghadirkan alat sosial dan hukum untuk mengontrol fungsi dan hasil sistem AI. Saran dalam artikel ini, Pemerintah harus sadar akan urgensi besar pemberian insentif yang dibutuhkan oleh pemrogram dan pemilik AI untuk merangsang pengembangan dan investasi masa depan di bidang AI. Untuk mengakomodasi karya yang dihasilkan AI, Pemerintah perlu mendesain ulang UU Hak Cipta Indonesia agar mampu mengakomodasi masalah hak cipta, hak moral dan ekonomi, dan jangka waktu perlindungan terhadap karya kreasi AI; serta mempertimbangkan untuk mengadopsi penggunaan konsep work made for hire.
Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Terkait Kewenangan PPNS dalam Penyidikan TPPU dan Implikasinya Terhadap Penegakan Hukum Prianter Jaya Hairi
Jurnal Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum Untuk Keadilan Vol 12, No 2 (2021): JNH VOL 12 NO 2 November 2021
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Badan Keahlian Setjen DPR RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22212/jnh.v12i2.2358

Abstract

The decision of the Constitutional Court Number 15/PUU-XIX/2021 states the phrase in the Elucidation of Article 74 of the Law on the Prevention and Eradication of the Crime of Money Laundering (PECML) as conditionally constitutional. The explanation interprets the phrase “predicate criminal investigators”, which must be interpreted as “an official or agency that is authorized by laws and regulations to carry out investigations”. This article examines the Constitutional Court’s considerations in interpreting the Elucidation of Article 74 of the PECML Law and its implications for law enforcement of crime of money laundering (CML). In addition, this article is expected to offer some viewpoints regarding the preparedness of Civil Servant Investigators (CSI) in carrying out the authority to investigate money laundering offenses. This article is empirical-normative legal research, with qualitative data analysis methods. The discussion analize that the formulation of the explanation of Article 74 of the PECML Law has indeed led to norms ambiguity, namely that there is an inconsistency between the Elucidation of Article 74 and the provisions of the main norm, this is also one of the conditionally constitutional considerations by the Constitutional Court. In addition, the Constitutional Court’s decision has implications for the opening of the faucet of CML law enforcement which has now become a multi-investigator. The duties and authorities of CML investigations regulated in the PECML Law are now also given to all predicate criminal investigators (including CSI). This article recommends that CSI improvements need to be continuously pursued so that the quantity, quality, and professionalism of CSI continue to increase so that they can carry out the function of CML law enforcement effectively.  AbstrakPutusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 15/PUU-XIX/2021 menyatakan frasa pada Penjelasan Pasal 74 UU PPTPPU sebagai konstitusional bersyarat. Penjelasan tersebut menafsirkan frasa “penyidik tindak pidana asal”, harus dimaknai sebagai “pejabat atau instansi yang oleh peraturan perundang-undangan diberi kewenangan untuk melakukan penyidikan”. Artikel ini mengkaji pertimbangan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam menafsirkan Penjelasan Pasal 74 UU PPTPPU, dan implikasinya terhadap penegakan hukum TPPU. Selain itu, artikel ini diharapkan dapat memberi masukan terkait kesiapan PPNS dalam mengemban wewenang penyidikan TPPU. Artikel ini merupakan penelitian hukum empiris-normatif, dengan metode analisis data yang bersifat kualitatif. Hasil pembahasan bahwa perumusan terhadap penjelasan Pasal 74 UU PPTPPU memang telah menimbulkan ketidakjelasan norma, yaitu terjadi ketidakselarasan antara Penjelasan Pasal 74 dengan ketentuan norma pokoknya, hal itu pula yang menjadi salah satu pertimbangan konstitusional bersyarat oleh MK. Selain itu, Putusan MK berimplikasi pada terbukanya keran penegakan hukum TPPU yang kini menjadi bersifat multi-investigators. Tugas dan kewenangan penyidikan TPPU yang diatur dalam UU PPTPPU kini juga diberikan kepada seluruh penyidik tindak pidana asal (termasuk PPNS). Artikel ini merekomendasikan agar pembenahan PPNS perlu terus diupayakan agar kuantitas, kualitas dan profesionalitas PPNS terus meningkat, sehingga dapat melaksanakan fungsi penegakan hukum TPPU secara efektif.
Front Pages JNH Vol. 12 No. 2 November Tahun 2021 JNH JNH
Jurnal Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum Untuk Keadilan Vol 12, No 2 (2021): JNH VOL 12 NO 2 November 2021
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Badan Keahlian Setjen DPR RI

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Abstract

Konstelasi Perkembangan Hermeneutika dalam Filsafat Ilmu sebagai Atribusi Metode Penafsiran Hukum (The Constellation of Hermeneutics’ Development in Philosophy of Science as Attribution of Legal Interpretation Method) Fajar Sugianto; Tomy Michael; Afdhal Mahatta
Jurnal Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum Untuk Keadilan Vol 12, No 2 (2021): JNH VOL 12 NO 2 November 2021
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Badan Keahlian Setjen DPR RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22212/jnh.v12i2.2188

Abstract

This study aims to understand the constellation of the development of hermeneutics as a legal interpretation method in providing scientifically justifiable interpretations of legal texts. The method used is normative juridical with a philosophical approach, a law approach, and a comparative approach using secondary data. Hermeneutic philosophy does not only question the understanding of a rule of law, but what happens by understanding a rule of law. The process of how to understand the law and the process of legal interpretation are the main focus because they will form a legal understanding that determines a person’s steps and follow-up after understanding the law. Legal interpretation of the text of the law based on hermeneuticphilosophy allows judges to use their authority to add meaning to the text of the law as a form of law formation and creation. The results show that hermeneutics is correct as a method of legal interpretation in providing interpretations of legal texts which are essentially a person’s means and ways to interpret problems; in this case the judge builds understanding and obtains valid results in examining and deciding a case. Knowledge of the existence of hermeneutics that has been tested for truth so that the results of the interpretation are measurable and tested, while using hermeneutics as an interpretation as a method of legal interpretation. Mastery of hermeneutics should be one of kind that will produce good results. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami konstelasi perkembangan hermeneutika sebagai metode penafsiran hukum dalam memberikan hasil interpretasi teks hukum yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara ilmiah. Metode yang digunakan ialah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan filsafat, pendekatan undang-undang, dan pendekatan perbandingan dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Filsafat hermeneutika tidak hanya mempersoalkan pemahaman suatu aturan hukum, tetapi apakah yang terjadi dengan memahami suatu aturan hukum. Proses bagaimana memahami hukum dan proses intepretasi hukum menjadi fokus utama karena keduanya akan membentuk pemahaman hukum yang menentukan langkah dan tindak lanjut seseorang setelah memahami hukum. Penafsiran hukum terhadap teks undang-undang berbasis filsafat hermeneutika memungkinkan hakim menggunakan kewenangannya untuk menambah makna teks undang-undang sebagai wujud pembentukan dan penciptaan hukum. Hasilnya menunjukkan hermeneutika adalah benar sebagai metode penafsiran hukum dalam memberikan hasil interpretasi teks hukum yang hakikatnya sebagai sarana dan cara manusia untuk menafsirkan persoalan; dalam hal ini hakim membangun pemahaman dan memperoleh hasil yang sahih dalam memeriksa dan memutus suatu perkara. Pengetahuan tentang adanya hermeneutika yang telah terujui kebenarannya sehingga hasil penafsiran tersebut terukur dan teruji, sementara sebagai penggunaan hermeneutika sebagai penafsiran sebagai suatu metode penafsiran hukum. Penguasaan hermeneutika sebaiknya satu jenis dimana hal itu akan menghasilkan hasil yang baik.
Evaluasi Kerangka Hukum Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19 dalam Perspektif Hukum Tata Negara Darurat (Evaluation of the Legal Framework for Handling the Covid-19 Pandemic in the Perspective of Emergency Constitutional Law) Novianto Murti Hantoro
Jurnal Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum Untuk Keadilan Vol 12, No 2 (2021): JNH VOL 12 NO 2 November 2021
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Badan Keahlian Setjen DPR RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22212/jnh.v12i2.2359

Abstract

The handling of the Covid-19 pandemic has been going on for more than a year. The Covid-19 pandemic is being handled within various legal frameworks by several countries. This article evaluates the legal framework from the perspective of emergency constitutional law by discussing the legal framework used and evaluating its advantages and disadvantages. The aim is to contribute ideas to the discipline of emergency constitutional law and to evaluate the legal framework. The writing of this article uses normative legal research methods and qualitative analysis through juridical and comparative analysis. Basedon the results of the analysis, Indonesia is in the category of observing existing laws in handling the Covid-19 pandemic. The enforcement of existing law as an emergency measure is not the same as enforcing emergency constitutional law, because there are elements that are not fulfilled, for example until when the law remains in force. When compared the two of enforcing the existing laws and drafting a new law specifically for handling the Covid 19 pandemic, there are advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of enforcing the existing laws will be the disadvantages of drafting a new law and vice versa. One of them, with the new law, the handling will be more focused than enforcing the three existing laws with different leading sectors. The current legal framework for handling the Covid-19 pandemic has weaknesses, but it has not failed. If the situation returns to normal, the emergency decrees and several related regulations need to be revoked. AbstrakPenanganan pandemi Covid-19 sudah berlangsung lebih dari satu tahun. Pandemi Covid-19 ditangani dengan kerangka hukum beragam oleh beberapa negara. Artikel ini mengevaluasi kerangka hukum tersebut dari perspektif hukum tata negara darurat dengan  membahas kerangka hukum yang digunakan serta evaluasi terhadapkelebihan dan kekurangannya. Tujuannya untuk memberikan sumbangan pemikiran terhadap ilmu hukum tata negara darurat dan mengevaluasi kerangka hukum tersebut. Penulisan artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dan analisis kualitatif melalui analisis yuridis dan perbandingan. Berdasarkan hasilanalisis, Indonesia masuk dalam kategori menggunakan undang-undang yang ada (existing law) dalam penanganan pandemi Covid-19. Penggunaan existing law sebagai tindakan darurat tidak sama dengan menerapkan hukum tata negara darurat, karena terdapat unsur yang tidak terpenuhi, misalnya kapan penggunaan undang-undang tersebut akan berakhir. Apabila dibandingkan antara penggunaan existing law dan membentuk undang-undang baru khusus untuk penanganan pandemi Covid 19, terdapat kelebihan dan kekurangan. Kelebihan penggunaan existing law akan menjadi kekurangan pembentukan undang-undang baru, dan sebaliknya. Salah satunya, dengan undang-undang baru, penanganan akan lebih fokus dibandingkan dengan menggunakan tiga undang-undangyang ada dengan leading sector yang berbeda. Kerangka hukum penanganan pandemi Covid-19 saat ini memiliki kelemahan, namun tidak gagal. Apabila situasi kembali normal, penetapan kedaruratan dan beberapa aturan terkait perlu dicabut.
Evaluasi Keanggotaan Indonesia dalam Port State Measure Agreement (PSMA) 2009 dalam Menghadapi IUU Fishing (Evaluasi Keanggotaan Indonesia dalam Port State Measure Agreement (PSMA) 2009 dalam Menghadapi IUU Fishing) Arie Afriansyah; Gurnita Ning Kusumawati
Jurnal Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum Untuk Keadilan Vol 12, No 2 (2021): JNH VOL 12 NO 2 November 2021
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Badan Keahlian Setjen DPR RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22212/jnh.v12i2.2194

Abstract

Protection of the utilization of marine resources and improvement of the Indonesian maritime and fishery economy isconducted by preventing Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing (IUU Fishing) in the fishing ground zone. This isembodied in various international instruments, one of which is the 2009 Agreement on Port State Measures to Prevent,Deter, Eliminate IUU Fishing (PSMA 2009). The availability of human resources and technology in preparing facilities andlaw enforcement in the marine area of the economic zone is one of the challenges for Indonesia in realizing the internationalPSMA 2009 instrument. The focus of the discussion in this paper are: first, Indonesia’s efforts to maximize PSMA 2009by conducting research, especially with regard to the problem of unregulated fishing at the Ocean Port of Nizam Zachman.Second, the importance of reformulation of Indonesia’s positive law regarding PSMA to tackle IUU fishing activities. Thisstudy uses a normative juridical research method with a statute approach and a comparative approach. Indonesia’s effortsin implementing the 2009 PSMA consistently and sustainably, as was done at the Nizam Zachman Ocean Fishing Port,Jakarta, are assessed from several indicators such as fishing port facilitation, law enforcement, and human resources beforeand after the implementation of the 2009 PSMA. However, there is still a need for policy reformulation in terms of lawenforcement and strategies for optimizing infrastructure at Indonesian fishing ports. AbstrakProtection of the utilization of marine resources and improvement of the Indonesian maritime and fishery economy isconducted by preventing Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing (IUU Fishing) in the fishing ground zone. This isembodied in various international instruments, one of which is the 2009 Agreement on Port State Measures to Prevent,Deter, Eliminate IUU Fishing (PSMA 2009). The availability of human resources and technology in preparing facilities andlaw enforcement in the marine area of the economic zone is one of the challenges for Indonesia in realizing the internationalPSMA 2009 instrument. The focus of the discussion in this paper are: first, Indonesia’s efforts to maximize PSMA 2009by conducting research, especially with regard to the problem of unregulated fishing at the Ocean Port of Nizam Zachman.Second, the importance of reformulation of Indonesia’s positive law regarding PSMA to tackle IUU fishing activities. Thisstudy uses a normative juridical research method with a statute approach and a comparative approach. Indonesia’s effortsin implementing the 2009 PSMA consistently and sustainably, as was done at the Nizam Zachman Ocean Fishing Port,Jakarta, are assessed from several indicators such as fishing port facilitation, law enforcement, and human resources beforeand after the implementation of the 2009 PSMA. However, there is still a need for policy reformulation in terms of lawenforcement and strategies for optimizing infrastructure at Indonesian fishing ports.
Kebijakan Selektif Keimigrasian terkait Pembatasan Pemberian Bebas Visa Kunjungan pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (Selective Immigration Policy regarding Restrictions on Granting Free Visit Visas during the Covid-19 Pandemic) Novianti Novianti
Jurnal Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum Untuk Keadilan Vol 12, No 2 (2021): JNH VOL 12 NO 2 November 2021
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Badan Keahlian Setjen DPR RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22212/jnh.v12i2.2363

Abstract

The influx of hundreds of foreigners after the issuance of the application of the free visit visa has raised concerns of many parties that there will be an increase in the spread of Covid-19. This writing aims to determine the selective policies carried out by immigration related to restrictions on granting free visit visas during the Covid-19 pandemic. This paper uses a normative juridical research method which is analyzed descriptive-qualitatively using library data. The results of the study revealed that the restrictions on the granting of free visit visas and stay permits for foreigners during the Covid-19 pandemic were carried out through several issuances of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Regulations (Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, Permenkumham), namely Permenkumham Numbers 3, 7, 8, 11, and 26 of 2020, as well as PermenkumhamNumber 27 of 2021. Some of these Permenkumham have been replaced several times, and the last one was Permenkumham Number 34 of 2021. The selective immigration policy during the Covid-19 pandemic was to limit the granting of free visit visa with some exceptions and grant entry permits to foreigners at the time of implementation of restrictions on community activities (Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat, PPKM). For this reason, the government needs to introduce strict policies by screening and quarantining foreigners who enter Indonesian territory to prevent transmission of Covid-19. AbstrakMasuknya ratusan orang asing pasca diterbitkannya pemberlakuan pemberian bebas visa kunjungan menimbulkan kekhawatiran banyak pihak akan terjadi peningkatan penyebaran Covid-19. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebijakan selektif yang dilakukan oleh keimigrasian terkait pembatasan pemberian bebas visa kunjungan pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif yang dianalisis secara deskriptif-kualitatif dengan menggunakan data kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan pengaturan pembatasan pemberian bebas visa kunjungan dan izin tinggal bagi orang asing pada masa pandemiCovid-19 dilakukan melalui beberapa penerbitan Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia (Permenkumham) yakni Permenkumham Nomor 3, 7, 8, 11, dan 26 Tahun 2020, serta Permenkumham Nomor 27 Tahun 2021. Beberapa Permenkumham tersebut telah dilakukan beberapa kali penggantian dan terakhirdiberlakukan Permenkumham Nomor 34 Tahun 2021. Kebijakan selektif keimigrasian pada masa pandemi Covid-19 yakni melakukan pembatasan pemberian bebas visa kunjungan dengan beberapa pengecualian dan memberikan izin masuk kepada orang asing pada saat pemberlakuan pelaksanaan pembatasan kegiatan masyarakat (PPKM). Untuk itu pemerintah perlu melakukan kebijakan yang ketat dengan melakukan skrining dan karantina terhadap orang asing yang masuk ke wilayah Indonesia untuk mencegah penyebaran Covid-19.

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