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Academia Open
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27147444     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21070/acopen
Core Subject : Economy, Humanities, Health, Science, Education, Agriculture, Art, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Chemistry Computer Science & IT Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Social Sciences Other
Academia Open is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo published 2 (two) issues per year (June and December). This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research and review articles. The articles basically contains any topics research or review. Academia Open is available in online version. Language used in this journal is Indonesia or English. Academia Open is an open access journal publishing scientifically accurate and valuable research across life, physical, social, and medical sciences.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 60 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 8 No 2 (2023): December" : 60 Documents clear
Evaluation of Serum Fetuin-A as A Possible Marker for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Among Iraqi Women; Case-control Study Ola Jamal Yasien; Fadia J. Al Izzi
Academia Open Vol 8 No 2 (2023): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.8.2023.7763

Abstract

Elevated levels of Fetuin-A, a protease inhibitor belonging to the cystatin family, have raised questions about its role in the pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), the most prevalent endocrinopathy in reproductive-aged females. This case-control study, conducted in Iraq, aimed to assess changes in Fetuin-A levels among Iraqi women with PCOS. A convenient sample of 90 women, comprising 45 PCOS cases and 45 healthy controls, was enrolled. Fetuin-A levels were measured and found to be significantly higher in the PCOS group compared to controls. Additionally, significant positive correlations were observed between Fetuin-A levels and fasting plasma glucose, fasting serum insulin, insulin resistance, luteinizing hormone, and serum testosterone. Using a receiver operating characteristic curve, a cutoff point of 502.00 ng/mL was determined for predicting positive Fetuin-A levels, with a sensitivity and specificity of 84.4% and 73.3%, respectively. This study suggests that Fetuin-A could serve as a valuable marker for both screening and evaluating PCOS and its potential late consequences, including metabolic syndrome. Highlights: Elevated Fetuin-A Levels: This study reveals significantly higher Fetuin-A levels in PCOS, shedding light on its potential role in the pathogenesis of the syndrome. Correlations with Metabolic Factors: Positive correlations between Fetuin-A and key metabolic markers like fasting glucose, insulin resistance, and luteinizing hormone highlight its relevance in the context of PCOS and metabolic health. Screening Potential: The identified cutoff point for predicting positive Fetuin-A levels offers a promising tool for screening and evaluating PCOS and associated late consequences, particularly metabolic syndrome.
Evaluation of Oxytocin Level and Its Relationship With Oxidant-Antioxidant Status in Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Rawa Auda Hussein; Izdihar Nasaif Ali; Sarah Ashour Sayer
Academia Open Vol 8 No 2 (2023): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.8.2023.7830

Abstract

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder associated with infertility in a substantial number of women globally. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of oxytocin (OXT) in PCOS pathogenesis and its implications for oxidative stress. A cohort of 120 females, comprising 60 PCOS patients and 60 healthy controls, aged between 25 and 31, was examined. Serum concentrations of OXT, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured. The results revealed significantly decreased OXT levels in PCOS patients compared to controls (p<0.001). Additionally, PCOS patients exhibited elevated MPO levels and reduced SOD levels, suggesting increased oxidative stress. Furthermore, a positive correlation between OXT and SOD and a negative correlation between OXT and MPO were observed within the PCOS group. These findings highlight the potential of OXT as a diagnostic tool and predictor of ovarian response and treatment success in PCOS, emphasizing the need to target oxytocin for mitigating oxidative stress in this complex endocrine disorder. Highlights: Oxytocin Deficiency: This study identifies significantly reduced oxytocin levels in PCOS patients, shedding light on its potential role in the disorder's pathogenesis. Oxidative Stress Imbalance: PCOS patients displayed an imbalance in oxidative stress markers, with elevated myeloperoxidase and reduced superoxide dismutase levels, indicating increased oxidative stress. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications: Oxytocin emerges as a promising diagnostic tool and predictor of ovarian response and treatment success in PCOS, emphasizing its potential as a therapeutic target to mitigate oxidative stress in this complex endocrine disorder. Keywords: PCOS,Oxytocin,Oxidative Stress,Infertility,Diagnostic Tool
Hematological Parameters and Liver Function After COVID-19 Vaccination ( Simple Population Patients in Ramadi City – Iraq) Ridhab Ajeel Jasim; Saif Subhi Noori; Adeeb Shakir Mahmood; Asmaa Wajeh Jumaa; Fatin Zuher Abd Alkareem
Academia Open Vol 8 No 2 (2023): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.8.2023.7843

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the influence of COVID-19 vaccination on liver function and blood parameters, specifically Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and Hemoglobin (HGB) levels, among young adults (aged 18-32) in Anbar province. Blood samples from 50 individuals were collected at Ramadi Teaching Hospital, with half of the participants vaccinated and the other half unvaccinated. Results revealed a significant decrease in MCV and HGB levels among the vaccinated group compared to the unvaccinated group. Concurrently, liver function indicators, including Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and Bilirubin, showed a marked increase in the vaccinated individuals, indicating potential hematological disorders and liver injury. These findings underscore the importance of COVID-19 vaccination while highlighting the need for continued monitoring of liver health and blood parameters in vaccinated individuals to mitigate potential long-term health implications. Highlights: COVID-19 vaccination in young adults may lead to a significant decrease in Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and Hemoglobin (HGB) levels. Liver function indicators such as Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and Bilirubin exhibit a notable increase in vaccinated individuals. Continuous monitoring of liver health and blood parameters is crucial for assessing potential long-term health implications associated with COVID-19 vaccination. Keywords: COVID-19 Vaccination, Liver Function, Blood Parameters, Young Adults, Anbar Province.
Combination of Irisin, Uric Acid, and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine To Distinguish Gout Patients From Healthy Controls in The Governorate of Thi-Qar Kareema A. Dakhil; Manal A. Aziz; Wajdy J. Majid
Academia Open Vol 8 No 2 (2023): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.8.2023.7844

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the potential of combining uric acid levels with pro-inflammatory cytokines, specifically interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and the myokine irisin, to enhance the precision of gout diagnosis. The patient group comprised 80 individuals with gout, while the control group included 70 healthy subjects. Serum levels of IL-1β and irisin were measured in both groups, and Pearson correlation analysis was employed to assess their relationships with serum uric acid. Results revealed that gout patients exhibited significantly higher levels of IL-1β and serum uric acid but lower irisin levels compared to the control group. Negative correlations were observed between irisin and IL-1β, as well as between irisin and uric acid. Conversely, a positive correlation was found between serum uric acid and IL-1β. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for both IL-1β and irisin in discriminating gout patients from healthy individuals, suggesting their potential utility as diagnostic indicators for gout. This study underscores the promise of combining IL-1β, irisin, and uric acid measurements to enhance the accuracy of gout diagnosis, paving the way for further multicenter trials to validate this approach's effectiveness. Highlights: Novel Diagnostic Approach: This study proposes a novel diagnostic approach for gout by combining serum levels of uric acid with pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and myokine irisin, demonstrating its potential to enhance precision. Correlation Insights: The study reveals significant correlations between uric acid, IL-1β, and irisin levels, shedding light on the intricate relationship between inflammation, myokines, and gout pathophysiology. Diagnostic Accuracy: High diagnostic accuracy, as indicated by ROC curve analysis, underscores the clinical utility of IL-1β and irisin as potential indicators for gout diagnosis, offering a promising avenue for improved clinical assessment. Keywords: Gout Diagnosis, Interleukin-1β, Irisin, Uric Acid, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines.
Individual Morality, Internal Control Of Fraud With Organization Ethical Culture As Moderation Fityan Izza Noor Abidin; Sri Enggar Puji Handayani; Sarwenda Biduri
Academia Open Vol 8 No 2 (2023): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.8.2023.7848

Abstract

This study explores the impact of individual morality and internal controls on fraud risk in the implementation of healthcare assurance by Indonesia's BPJS. It emphasizes the moderating role of organizational ethics. Using a quantitative approach and Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis, data was gathered via direct surveys from Rumah Sakit Umum Al-Islam H.M. Mawardi Krian employees. The results indicate that individual morality has a limited effect on fraud risk, with individual moral reasoning playing a key role in behavior. However, internal controls significantly mitigate fraud risk, aligning with the fraud triangle theory's principles. Surprisingly, organizational ethical culture weakens the link between individual morality and internal control in relation to fraud risk, as a strong ethical culture raises standards and influences employee conduct positively. In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of strengthening internal controls in healthcare institutions to enhance employee ethics and prevent fraud. Future research could extend this investigation to include manufacturing companies, broadening our understanding of factors mitigating fraud risk in BPJS healthcare assurance. Involving multiple healthcare institutions would enhance the generalizability of these findings. highlights : Individual moral reasoning levels do not significantly impact fraud risk in healthcare assurance implementation, emphasizing the complexity of ethical decision-making. Effective internal controls are crucial in mitigating fraudulent activities, aligning with the principles of the fraud triangle theory. Organizational ethical culture can either strengthen or weaken the relationship between individual morality and internal control, highlighting the role of corporate ethics in shaping employee behavior and reducing fraud risk. Keywords : Individual Morality, Internal Control, Organizational Ethics, Fraud Risk, Healthcare Assurance
Solar Panel Implementation for Household Electricity in Indonesia: Environmental and Economic Implications Nico Cahya Pradana Pradana; Muhammad Alvan Rizki; Atik Wahyuni; Budwi Harsono
Academia Open Vol 8 No 2 (2023): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.8.2023.7860

Abstract

This study explores the potential of solar energy as a sustainable alternative to coal-based electricity generation in Indonesia, aiming to address environmental concerns. It assesses the feasibility of household-level solar panel adoption for reducing electricity costs and enhancing energy self-sufficiency. Using photovoltaic technology, the research examines solar energy conversion and battery storage, focusing on optimal daylight utilization. Findings reveal substantial cost-saving prospects for households and stress the environmental benefits of decreasing reliance on conventional electricity sources. The study highlights the significance of public awareness and government support for solar panel adoption, emphasizing its role in economic stability and resource allocation to productive sectors. It advocates for empowering and educating the public about solar panel usage, which not only lowers electricity expenses but also promotes economic stability by reallocating funds to other industries, thus contributing to Indonesia's economic well-being and sustainable energy future. Highlights : This study evaluates solar energy's potential as a sustainable alternative to coal-based electricity in Indonesia, addressing environmental concerns. It emphasizes the feasibility of household-level solar panel adoption for cost reduction and energy self-sufficiency, focusing on photovoltaic technology and optimal daylight utilization. The research underscores the importance of public awareness and government support for solar panel adoption, highlighting its role in economic stability and resource allocation to productive sectors, ultimately contributing to a sustainable energy future. Keywords: Solar Energy, Sustainability, Household Adoption, Photovoltaic Technology, Environmental Benefits
Incidence and Risk Factors of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in ICU Patients: A Four-Year Cohort Study Ali Sadie Alhashemi; Hasanain Abdul-Muhsin; Ahmed Amer Abdul Hussein
Academia Open Vol 8 No 2 (2023): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.8.2023.7877

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the frequency and potential causes of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) while focusing on the associated risk factors. Conducted as a cohort study in critical care centers at Ghazi AL Hariri Teaching Hospital for Special Surgeries and Burn Specialty Teaching Hospital at Medical City Complex in Baghdad, Iraq, spanning from 2018 to 2022, the research analyzed patients with clinically significant GIB upon admission to the ICU using univariate and multivariate intervention analyses. The key findings revealed that 1.3% of ICU cases developed GIB without prior symptoms, with risk factors including prolonged ICU stays, elevated creatinine levels, elevated bilirubin, and heightened Aspartate Aminotransferase activity. Alarmingly, 47% of GIB-diagnosed ICU patients faced mortality during their hospitalization, significantly higher than non-GIB patients (30%). This study underscores the importance of vigilance and early detection for high-risk patients, given the significant morbidity and mortality associated with GIB in the ICU population, despite its declining incidence. Highlights : This cohort study investigates the frequency and risk factors associated with gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) in ICU patients. Prolonged ICU stays, elevated creatinine and bilirubin levels, and increased Aspartate Aminotransferase activity are identified as risk factors for GIB development. Alarmingly, GIB-diagnosed ICU patients have a significantly higher mortality rate (47%) compared to non-GIB patients (30%), highlighting the critical importance of early detection and vigilance in managing this condition. Keywords: Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Intensive Care Units, Risk Factors, Mortality, Cohort Study
Impact of Sevoflurane and Propofol on Pediatric Laryngeal Reflexes During Anesthesia Induction Mohammed Ali Ibrahim Kareem Al-jibawi; Karrar Abed Almonem Hadi Maki Alkhafagy; Mahir Hussein Hasan AlSaadawi
Academia Open Vol 8 No 2 (2023): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.8.2023.7891

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the influence of sevoflurane and propofol anesthesia, administered at two distinct levels of hypnosis, on laryngeal reflexes in children aged 2 to 6 undergoing surgery. Seventy participants were randomly assigned to receive either sevoflurane or propofol anesthesia, and their responses to laryngeal irritation were evaluated. Results revealed that regardless of the level of hypnosis, sevoflurane anesthesia led to a higher incidence of laryngospasm apnea compared to propofol anesthesia, with some episodes lasting over five seconds. Conversely, children receiving propofol anesthesia exhibited more frequent exhalation and coughing responses. These findings highlight the importance of appropriate anesthetic dosages in pediatric cases, as the choice of anesthetic agent can significantly impact airway defense reflexes, with potential clinical implications for airway management during anesthesia induction in children. Highlights : Sevoflurane anesthesia in children aged 2 to 6 is associated with a higher incidence of laryngospasm apnea compared to propofol anesthesia, emphasizing the need for careful anesthetic selection in pediatric cases. Propofol anesthesia induces more frequent exhalation and coughing responses, suggesting potential advantages in airway management during anesthesia induction in children. This study underscores the critical role of appropriate anesthetic dosages in mitigating the risk of exaggerated airway defense reflexes and ensuring patient safety during pediatric surgery. Keywords : Pediatric anesthesia, Sevoflurane, Propofol, Laryngeal reflexes, Airway management
Serum Pentraxin-3 as a Potential Biomarker for Early Detection of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study Noor Naji Khdher; Mutaz Sabah Ahmeid; Israa Hashim Saadoon; Alaa Abdullah Hassan
Academia Open Vol 8 No 2 (2023): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.8.2023.7971

Abstract

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the utility of serum Pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) as a biomarker for the early identification of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). A total of 90 participants, including 30 with T2DM and nephropathy, 30 with T2DM but without nephropathy, and 30 controls, were enrolled. Serum PTX-3 levels were measured, and correlations with clinical parameters were analyzed. The results revealed a significant elevation in serum PTX-3 levels in DN patients with T2DM. PTX-3 exhibited positive correlations with age, disease duration, blood urea, and serum creatinine, indicating its potential relevance to DN development and renal function. Conversely, non-significant negative correlations were observed with BMI and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). These findings suggest that serum PTX-3 could serve as a valuable biomarker for the early detection of diabetic nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, potentially aiding in timely intervention and improved patient care. Highlights : Serum PTX-3 levels significantly elevated in Type 2 Diabetes patients with nephropathy, highlighting its potential as an early diagnostic biomarker. Positive correlations observed between PTX-3, age, disease duration, blood urea, and serum creatinine, suggesting its relevance to DN development and renal function. Serum PTX-3 holds promise for timely identification of diabetic nephropathy, facilitating improved patient care. Keywords : Diabetic Nephropathy, Pentraxin-3, Type 2 Diabetes, Biomarker. Early Detection
Efficacy of Ginger and Neem Plant Extracts against Nematode Parasites in Local Chickens: A Comparative Study Rasha Shamil Hussein; Omaima Ibrahim Mahmoud
Academia Open Vol 8 No 2 (2023): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.8.2023.8014

Abstract

This research, conducted from May 2022 to February 2023, aimed to assess the effectiveness of alcoholic and aqueous extracts from Zingiber officinale (ginger) and Azadirachta indica (neem) plants against nematode parasites in local chickens within Salah al-Din, Iraq. A total of 360 chicken fecal samples were collected from various areas and examined using light microscopy, identifying Tichostrongylus tenius and Subulura brumpti as the prevalent nematode species. The study revealed that the 100% concentration of alcoholic neem extract exhibited the highest efficacy, eliminating worms within hours compared to the control group. Ginger extracts also demonstrated effectiveness, with the 100% concentration displaying rapid worm elimination. The results suggest the potential use of these plant extracts as natural remedies for nematode infestations in poultry, addressing critical health and economic concerns in the industry. Highlights : Alcoholic neem extract at 100% concentration showed rapid efficacy against nematode parasites. Ginger extracts also demonstrated effectiveness in eliminating parasites. Potential for using plant extracts as natural remedies in poultry farming. Keywords : Nematode parasites, Ginger extract, Neem extract, Poultry health, Natural remedies

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