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<![CDATA[PEMBUATAN ETIL ASETAT DARI HASIL HIDROLISIS, FERMENTASI DAN ESTERIFIKASI KULIT PISANG RAJA (Musa paradisiaca L.) ]]>
<![CDATA[Sari Liza Azura Nst]]>;
<![CDATA[Reni Sutri]]>;
<![CDATA[Iriany]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara) ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v4i1.1439
<![CDATA[Ethyl acetate is a clear liquid, colorless, smelling typical which commonly used as a flavor enhancer. Banana peels contain high valuable components, such as carbohydrates, vitamin C, calcium and other nutrients. The purpose of this study was to utilize the ‘raja’ banana peel waste (Musa paradisiaca L.) in the making of ethyl acetate. Variations in this experiment is comparison of raw materials and water 1: 4; 1: 7; 1:10 and hydrolysis temperature of 50oC, 60oC, 70oC. At first banana peel was scraped, dried and mashed to make banana peel powder.The content of carbohydrates in the ’Raja’ banana peel powder is 45.21% (w/w). Banana peel powder was hydrolyzed into water for 180 minutes using acid hydrocloric acid as catalist. The hydrolysis product was fermented for 24 hours using instant yeast 'Fermipan' and then was distilled. The Distillation product was esterified with acetic acid and hydrochloric acid as catalyst for 15 minutes at 60°C. The influence of various process variables were observed in this experiment. The maximum ethyl acetate yield was obtained 70.377% at condition of raw materials and water ratio = 1:10 and hydrolysis temperature of 50oC. The results obtained in this experiment showed that the ‘raja’ banana peel can be used as an alternative raw material which low cost and easy to obtain to produce ethyl acetate.]]>
<![CDATA[EFISIENSI PENYERAPAN PHOSPAT LIMBAH LAUNDRY MENGGUNAKAN KANGKUNG AIR (Ipomoea aquatic forsk) DAN JERINGAU (Acorus calamus) ]]>
<![CDATA[Fitri Dewi]]>;
<![CDATA[M. Faisal]]>;
<![CDATA[Mariana]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara) ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v4i1.1452
<![CDATA[Laundry waste contains high phosphate concentrations that exceeding levels in Regulation No. 82 of 2001 about Water Quality Management and Control of Water Pollution. When the waste is directly discharged into the sewers or river without treatment, it can cause water pollution and lead to eutrophication. Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) and Jeringau (Acorus Calamus l) might be use to absorb phosphate in laundry waste. The aim of this research is to investigate the efficiency of phosphate absorption by using water spinach and Jeringau. The experiments were carried out in a batch system. The results showed that the reduction efficiency of phosphate by Water spinach and Jeringau was 41.61% and 53.75%, respectively.]]>
<![CDATA[TRANSESTERIFICATION OF DEGUMMED PALM OIL (DPO) TO PRODUCE PALM BIODIESEL BY USING LIPOZYME TL IM AS BIOCATALYST ]]>
<![CDATA[Aira Darusmy]]>;
<![CDATA[Nur Sri Rahayu]]>;
<![CDATA[Renita Manurung]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara) ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v4i1.1453
<![CDATA[Biodiesel is usually synthesis by transesterification of triglycerides and alcohols in the presence of an acid or an alkaline catalyst but it could produce a chemical waste process. An alternative process is using biocatalyst such as enzyme to synthesis biodiesel that couldn’t produce chemical waste process. In this research, the synthesis of biodiesel from degummed palm oil (DPO) and methanol as acyl donor has been investigated with using of Lipozyme as biocatalyst. The purpose of this experiment is to examine the effect of the temperature and the amount of biocatalyst for the synthesis of biodiesel that produced from palm oil and examine the effect of the use of methanol to the lipase enzyme activity in catalyzing the synthesis of biodiesel through transesterification reaction. The variables in this research are the amount of biocatalyst and temperature, and their responses with yield conversion of biodiesel are representated using response surface methodology (RSM) with Minitab software. The reactants and products are analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). Yield raging from 10-79 % are achieved in 15 hours reaction time. The variable effect of process for obtaining yield can be known from the temperature gives negative result about 0,6738 for the formation of biodiesel product. Afterwards the amount of biocatalyst gives positive result about 22,8091 and interaction between temperature and the amount of biocatalyst give negative result. The results show that the most influential variable is the amount of biocatalyst. Therefore, this experiment would need further investigation works and analysis and reuse of lipozyme as biocatalyst on the run which obtained the highest yield. The highest yield is obtained at a reaction temperature of 45 ° C and the amount of catalyst by 30%. In the reuse of lipozyme, can be repeated four times and obtained the total of the decrease in yield of 77%.]]>
<![CDATA[PEMBUATAN ASAM OKSALAT DARI ALANG-ALANG (Imperata Cylindrica) DENGAN METODE PELEBURAN ALKALI ]]>
<![CDATA[Iriany]]>;
<![CDATA[Andrew Faguh Sitanggang]]>;
<![CDATA[Rahmad Dennie A. Pohan]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara) ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v4i1.1454
<![CDATA[Imperata grassland is one of the wild plant which have a low economic value but containing high cellulose. Therefore it is potentially to be used as raw material for oxalic acid manufacturing. The oxalic acid can be produced from imperata grassland through 4 steps: alkaline hydrolysis, precipitacion, acidification and crystallization. Experiments are carried out in a three necks glass equipped with thermometer, mixer, heater and condenser. Cooking solution NaOH were varied 3,5 N; 4 N and 4,5 N and cooking time 50, 60, 70 and 80 minutes. According to the result from the experiment, at the condition 98oC of cooking temperature, the highest yield of oxalic acid about 44,39% is obtained at 4 N concentration of sodium hydroxide and 60 minute of cooking time. Oxalic acid produced has 104oC of melting point and 1,2 of degree of acidity (pH).]]>
<![CDATA[EFISIENSI PENYERAPAN LOGAM Pb2+ DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN CAMPURAN BENTONIT DAN ENCENG GONDOK ]]>
<![CDATA[M. Faisal]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara) ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v4i1.1455
<![CDATA[Adsorption of Pb2+by using a mix of bentonite and water hyacinth has been carried out in a bacth system. The purpose of the research is to investigate the abilty of the mix bentonite and water hyacinth to adsorp Pb2+. Prior to adsorption process, the mix of bentonite and water hyacnth was activated physcally by H2SO4. The adsorption ability between activated-adsorbend and without activated-adsorbend was then compared. In the activaved process, the mix of bentonite and water hyacinth used was 4 gram in weight and 120 ml of H2SO4 1,2 M. In this research, adsorption time of 30, 60, 120 menit, the speed of 50, 100, 150 rpm and the Pb2+concentration of 30, 35 and 40 mg/l were used. The result showed that the adsorption efficiency of activated-adsorbend is higher than that of without activaved. The maximum adsorption of 0,987 mg/g were obtained at Pb2+concentration of 40 mg/l with a contact time and speed of 120 min and 150 rpm, respetively.]]>
<![CDATA[PENGARUH JENIS PELARUT DAN TEMPERATUR REAKSI PADA SINTESIS SURFAKTAN DARI ASAM OLEAT DAN n-METIL GLUKAMINA DENGAN KATALIS KIMIA ]]>
<![CDATA[Jojor Rohana Oppusunggu]]>;
<![CDATA[Vinta Rutliana Siregar]]>;
<![CDATA[Zuhrina Masyithah]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara) ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v4i1.1456
<![CDATA[Surfactants are molecules that also has a hydrophilic group and a lipophilic group that can unify a mixture consisting of water and oil. Alkanolamide is one type of nonionic surfactants are widely used in everyday life. In this study, will be observed the influence of the type of solvent and reaction temperature on the synthesis of surfactant alkanolamide n -methyl glukamine and oleic acid from palm oil with sodium methoxide catalyst. This study aims to determine the value of the hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB), pH and surface tension of surfactant, by observing the effect of the type of solvent and reaction temperature. This research was conducted by using a flask at 90 ° C, 110 ° C, 130 ° C for 3 hours reaction time, substrate ratio of 1: 2, the stirring speed of 150 rpm and a catalyst concentration of 0.4% (w/w). In the amidation reaction samples taken from the flask every 1 hour for 3 hours and then the results of this amidation reaction was washed with acetone solvent to separate the catalyst. Results washing then purified by heating at 90°C to evaporate the solvent surfactant products hexane and butanol. Results containing surfactant in the analysis with Hydrophilic Liphophilic Balance Method, surface tension and FT-IR spectrophotometry. Based on this research, the optimal conditions at a temperature of 110oC, reaction time 3 hours at the solvent ratio 2: 1. From the analysis of surfactant oleoil n-Methyl glukamine values obtained HLB in the range of 11,53 HLB in accordance with the standard detergent.]]>
<![CDATA[PENENTUAN DISTRIBUSI UKURAN PARTIKEL TEPUNG TERIGU DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE PENGAPUNGAN BATANG (BUOYANCY WEIGHING-BAR METHOD) ]]>
<![CDATA[Rondang Tambun]]>;
<![CDATA[Nofriko Pratama]]>;
<![CDATA[Ely]]>;
<![CDATA[Farida Hanum]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara) ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v4i1.1457
<![CDATA[Particle size measurement of wheat flour is important in wheat flour industry. There are several methods have been used to measure particle size distribution (PSD) of wheat flour, such as Andreasen pipette method, sedimentation balance method, centrifugal sedimentation method. The disadvantages of these methods are that they are time consuming and require special skills. On the other hand, PSD can be analyzed using a different principle through laser diffraction/scattering methods, and coulter counter method. The laser diffraction/scattering and coulter counter methods produce highly accurate results within a shorter time, but the equipment is extremely expensive. Therefore, a simple and cost-effective new method to determine PSD is in high demand. In this study, we aim to develop a new method to measure the particle size distribution of wheat flour using a buoyancy weighing–bar method. In this method, the density change in a suspension due to particle migration (wheat flour) is measured by weighing buoyancy against a weighing–bar hung in the suspension (etanol/metanol), and the PSD is calculated using the length of the bar and the time–course change in the mass of the bar. This apparatus consists of an analytical balance with a hook for underfloor weighing, and a weighing–bar, which is used to detect the density change in suspension. The result obtained show that the PSD of wheat flour measured by the buoyancy weighing-bar method is comparable to that determined by settling balance method.]]>
<![CDATA[PENGARUH SUHU REAKSI DAN JUMLAH KATALIS PADA PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI LIMBAH LEMAK SAPI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS HETEROGEN CaO DARI KULIT TELUR AYAM ]]>
<![CDATA[Wendi]]>;
<![CDATA[Valentinoh Cuaca]]>;
<![CDATA[Taslim]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara) ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v4i1.1458
<![CDATA[Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines consisting of the alkyl monoesters from vegetable oils or animal fats. Beef tallow waste is the non-edible raw material with low cost production and the availability is huge in the cattle production. The objective of the study was to utilize beef tallow waste for biodiesel production using solid oxide catalyst which derived from the industrial eggshells. The materials calcined with temperature 900oC and time 2 hours, transformed calcium species in the shells into active CaO catalysts.The oil contained high free fatty acid (FFA) content of 1.86%. The FFA content of the oil was reduced by acid-catalyzed esterification. The product from this stage was subjected to produce biodiesel. Transesterification process reacts oil and methanol to produce methyl ester and glycerol. The produced methyl ester on the upper layer was separated from the glycerol and then washed. Effect of various process variables such as amount of catalyst and temperature were investigated. The biodiesel properties like methyl ester content, density, viscosity, and flash point was evaluated and was found to compare well with Indonesian Standard (SNI). Under the best condition, the maximum yield of 82.43% beef tallow methyl ester was obtained by using 9:1 molar ratio of methanol to beef tallow oil at 55oC, for a reaction time 1.5 hours in the presence 3 wt% of CaO catalyst. The results of this work showed that the use of beef tallow is very suitable as low cost feedstock for biodiesel production.]]>
<![CDATA[PENGARUH SUHU DALAM PEMBUATAN KARBON AKTIF DARI KULIT SALAK (Salacca edulis) DENGAN IMPREGNASI ASAM FOSFAT (H3PO4) ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Turmuzi]]>;
<![CDATA[Arion Syaputra]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara) ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v4i1.1459
<![CDATA[This study was aimed to determine the yield, iodine and characteristics of activated carbon pore surface area. Activated carbon is made by impregnation method with phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Snake fruit peel that has been mashed 1-2 mm soaked with phosphoric acid for (H3PO4) with concentration 10% for 3 hours. Filtered and dried for 24 hours at 60 °C. Snake fruit peel that has been impregnated pyrolysis at 400- 600 °C for 1 hours. Snake fruit peel that has been pyrolysis cooled in a desiccator for 30 minutes and washed until neutral pH. Then dried to a constant mass. The results showed that the best yield at a temperature of 400 °C 71.70%. The best surface area is 4078,694 m2/g. While iodine best is 494,91mg/g at a temperature 600 °C.]]>
<![CDATA[PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN AKTIVATOR ZnCl2, KOH, DAN H3PO4 DALAM PEMBUATAN KARBON AKTIF DARI PELEPAH AREN (Arenga Pinnata) ]]>
<![CDATA[Marina Olivia Esterlita]]>;
<![CDATA[Netti Herlina]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara) ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v4i1.1460
<![CDATA[This research aimed to determine the effect of carbonization temperature and activator agent in making activated carbon, and also determine the optimum temperature, and best activator agent. The raw material used is kind of lignocellulosic like palm frond. The palm fronds cleaned and chopped, then it soaked in each activator solution include KOH, ZnCl2, and H3PO4 at room temperature for 24 hours. After that, palm fronds carbonized in the furnace at a temperature of 4000C, 5000C, and 6000C in 1 hour. Carbon washed by aquadest until its netral, after that calculated the yield of charcoal, moisture content, and absorption ability of the iodine solution. The highest yield obtained in the activated carbon which impregnated by ZnCl2 at the temperature 4000C which is 82,04%. The best water content of activated carbon obtained in the activated carbon impregnated by H3PO4 of 6% which is the lowest one. Activated carbon which has the largest number of iodine absorption was also obtained on the active carbon carbonized at a temperature of 5000C and activated by H3PO4 which is 767.745 mg iodine / g of activated carbon, and the value is in compliance with SNI.]]>
