IJRETINA - International Journal of Retina
International Journal of Retina is an open access journal, accepting article in English language from all over the worlds. The aims is to provide international researchers, doctors, and clinicians in the basic and clinical fields of ophthalmology, especially retina to publish the original article, case reports, or systematic review.
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<![CDATA[Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography to detect non-exudative neovascular age-related macular degeneration mimicking chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. ]]>
<![CDATA[Manuel A P Vilela]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Retina Vol 3 No 2 (2020): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society ]]>
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DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2020.vol003.iss002.104
<![CDATA[Chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC) can produce an overlap of signs that can be difficult to distinguish from cases with non-exudative neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nneAMD). Around 2-10% of the patients with cCSC will develop neovascularization. Sometimes both diseases could be present at the same individual. The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the current information concerning the signs in OCT angiography that eventually could help to differentiate these situations and analyze the best diagnostic evidence.]]>
<![CDATA[Comparison of Wave Amplitude, Implicit Time and Comfort Level Using Dawson-Trick-Litzkow, Jet and Dencott Electrodes in Electroretinography in Normal Adults ]]>
<![CDATA[Theresia Yinski Pistari Gondosari]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohamad Sidik]]>;
<![CDATA[Syntia Nusanti]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Retina Vol 3 No 2 (2020): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society ]]>
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DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2020.vol003.iss002.123
<![CDATA[Introduction: Several electrodes can be used in standard full-field electroretinography (ERG). However, there are no standard values for Indonesians yet. Therefore, this research aims to establish normal values, to compare them and to compare comfort levels using DTL, Dencott and Jet electrodes in Indonesian adults. Method: Through convenient sampling, 58 normal Indonesian subjects, age 19-49 years old were selected. ERG amplitudes and implicit time values were measured according to recommendations by the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV). Evaluations consisted of scotopic 0.01, 3.0, OP and photopic 3.0 flicker. After examination, all subjects filled in a questionnaire about comfort levels, adopted from the visual analog scale. Result: We observed a statistically significant difference in ERG normal values between electrodes with higher wave amplitudes and longer implicit times in Dencott and jet electrodes, compared to DTL electrodes. Jet and DTL electrodes are more comfortable than Dencott electrodes for Indonesian adults in standard full-field electroretinography. Conclusion: DTL electrodes give the lowest wave amplitudes and the shortest implicit times and are the most comfortable electrode compared to Dencott and ERG jet electrodes, in standard full-field electroretinography in Indonesian adults.]]>
<![CDATA[Current understanding of Age-related macular degeneration ]]>
<![CDATA[Swathi Kanduri]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Retina Vol 3 No 2 (2020): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society ]]>
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DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2020.vol003.iss002.112
<![CDATA[Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly population 50 years of age or older in the developed countries. This review discusses the traditional clinical and histopathological presentation of AMD, epidemiology and genetics component in relation to the current understanding of the vascular nature of the disease. Therapeutic approaches to treat the disease are also included in the review.]]>
<![CDATA[Functional and Structure Outcome Intravitreal Bevacizumab in Diabetic Retinopatic with Clinically Significant Macular Edema at Bali Mandara Eye Hospital ]]>
<![CDATA[Dewi Adnya Swari]]>;
<![CDATA[Ni Luh Diah Pantjawati]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Retina Vol 3 No 2 (2020): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society ]]>
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DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2020.vol003.iss002.110
<![CDATA[Introduction: The increase in diabetics has an impact incidence of diabetic retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema (DME). DME due to changes in the blood retina barrier (BRB), causes fluid accumulation in the macula. This study aims to evaluate the functional outcome visual acuity and structure with optical coherence tomography (OCT) intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection in DME with Clinically Significant Macular Edema (CSME). Methods: This study is a retrospective descriptive study. The study was conducted in the Department of Opthalmology, Bali Mandara Eye Hospital, Denpasar. Data were obtained from the medical records of all diabetic retinopathy patients with clinically significant macular edema who treated with IVB at Bali Mandara Eye Hospital in Denpasar January - December 2018. Result: Of the 52 subjects, improvement in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) occurred in 26 (50.0%) subjects at the first month evaluation, 21 (40.4%) subjects at the third month, and 10 (19.2%) subjects at the sixth month evaluation. OCT decreased in 44 (84.6%) subjects at the first month evaluation, 16 (30.8%) subjects at the third month, and 14 (26.9%) subjects at the sixth month evaluation. Conclusion: There are visual acuity improvement and central retinal thickness reduction at 6 months after IVB injection. These results strengthen IVB injection to be an alternative therapy in DME with CSME.]]>
<![CDATA[Impact of psycho-social stress levels on clinical profile of acute central serous chorioretinopathy patients ]]>
<![CDATA[Ashok Kumar]]>;
<![CDATA[Sanjay Kumar Mishra]]>;
<![CDATA[Vikas Ambiya]]>;
<![CDATA[Ayon Gupta]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Retina Vol 3 No 2 (2020): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society ]]>
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DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2020.vol003.iss002.115
<![CDATA[Introduction: To study the impact of the level of psycho-social stress on varied clinical presentations of acute Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) patients. Methods: This prospective observational study included 83 patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy who presented to our out-patient department. All confirmed cases of acute CSCR were subjected to a questionnaire based on social readjustment rating score which included 43 life events that analyzed if psycho-social stress contributed to their present illness. Patients underwent a comprehensive ocular evaluation including best corrected visual acuity, slit lamp examination of anterior segment, fundus examination using slit lamp with a contact lens or non-contact lens, indirect ophthalmoscopy, digital fundus photography, of Spectral Domain-Optical Coherence Tomogram(SD-OCT) and Fundus FluoresceinAngiography(FFA). The stress scores obtained were statistically analyzed with clinical and angiographic parameters obtained in patients. Results:A total of 83 patients were included in the present study. 72(86.74%) patients were males,the majority of them presenting with unilateral involvement (n=70; 84.33%). The prevalence of stress level was mild in 5(6.02%); moderate in 31(37.34%) and severe in 47(56.62%) subjects. Severe level of psycho-social stress was significantly associated with bilateral presentation of serous detachment in posterior pole of fundus (17/47; p-value=0.04)as well as multiple angiographic leaks on FFA(19/50; p-value=0.03). Conclusion:Higher levels of psycho-social stress can lead to more severe forms of presentation in acute CSCR with a possible sub-optimal visual recovery. Avoidance of stress and relaxation therapies can help in preventing severe forms of acute CSCR.]]>
<![CDATA[EFFECTIVITY OF PNEUMATIC RETINOPEXY PROCEDURE IN PRIMARY RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT (RRD) ]]>
<![CDATA[Soefiandi Soedarman]]>;
<![CDATA[Soedarman Sjamsoe]]>;
<![CDATA[Waldensius Girsang]]>;
<![CDATA[Elvioza Elvioza]]>;
<![CDATA[Referano Agustiawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Gitalisa Andayani Adriono]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Retina Vol 3 No 2 (2020): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society ]]>
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DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2020.vol003.iss002.116
<![CDATA[Introduction : To evaluate the effectiveness of pneumatic retinopexy (PR) for repair of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with respect to single operation success (SOS) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Method : This retrospective review comprised 8 eyes with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with superior break that undergone pneumatic retinopexy as the initial procedure between 2009-2014 at Jakarta Eye Center, Indonesia. Result : The mean age of subjects was 49 ± 14.35 years. Four subjects (50%) had Single operation had only done success after 6 months of observation. The eyes that failed single procedure underwent vitrectomy and silicon oil tamponade. Subjects that only done single procedure had better BCVA (0.01 ± 1,3 logMAR) compare to subjects that done secondary procedure (0.3 ± 0.42 logMAR) after 6 months of observation. Conclusion : Pneumatic retinopexy is still an effective procedure for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with superior breaks although in our study the single operation success was 50%.]]>
<![CDATA[Clinical Features and Factors Affecting the Success of Retinal Vasculitis Therapy ]]>
<![CDATA[Lia Meuthia Zaini]]>;
<![CDATA[Arief Kartasasmita]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Retina Vol 3 No 2 (2020): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society ]]>
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DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2020.vol003.iss002.118
<![CDATA[Introduction: Retinal vasculitis is an inflammatory eye condition that threatens vision. Inflammation occurs in the branches of retinal arteries, cause by primary ocular diseases or associated with other diseases. This study aims to describe clinical features and factors affecting therapeutic success in 52 patients with retinal vasculitis. Methods: This study was conducted using retrospective cohort in Retina Clinic of Cicendo Eye Hospital for vasculitis patients from January 1st- December 31st 2017. Data were collected retrospectively from the ophthalmic records of 52 patients (74 affected eyes). Descriptive analysis was performed on all data, chi-square and eksak fisher test were used to analyze risk factor and factors affecting the success of therapy. Result: Out of 529 vasculitis and vitreous hemorrhage cases, retinal vasculitis was found in 52 patients (9.8%). Mean age of retinal vasculitis patients were 42.3 years (range: 13-74 years). 35 patients (62.3%) were men and 22 patients (42.3%) had bilateral retinal vasculitis. Most patients (73%) had positive results for history of TORCH infections, and 23.76 % for tuberculosis. At initial presentation, almost all patients (93.2%) came with chief complaint of blurry vision, 42 patients (56.8%) came with baseline visual acuity £20/200. Vitreous hemorrhage was identified from retinal examination in 43 patients (58.1%). Therapeutic success was found better in patients with systemic involvement (74,1%). Conclusion: Despite limitation of facility in our hospital, therapeutic success rate of retinal vasculitis patients was quite good. Better laboratory investigation and other supporting examinations are still needed to obtain good therapeutic results and to conduct further study about the disease. Tuberculosis, TORCH, and autoimmune test are important examination when managing retinal vasculitis.]]>
<![CDATA[Sequential applied Benzalkonium Chloride and Insulin Eye Drops Reduces Ocular Central Macular Thickness and Improves vision of Diabetics and Non-Diabetics ]]>
<![CDATA[Herman C.I. Themen]]>;
<![CDATA[Jerry R. Toelsie]]>;
<![CDATA[Jerrel C. Pawiroredjo]]>;
<![CDATA[Dinesh Jiawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Robbert Bipat]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Retina Vol 3 No 2 (2020): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society ]]>
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DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2020.vol003.iss002.105
<![CDATA[Introduction: Macular Edema is a rather disabling condition that can be the consequence of several disorders of the eye. Most of the time it occurs in patients suffering from diabetic eye retinopathy. The exact pathophysiological mechanism of this condition is not clear, but it is probably the result of inflammatory processes or structural and mechanical disturbances of the vitreomacular tissue. Due to this obscure pathophysiological mechanism, a targeted efficient treatment is still lacking. However, accumulating evidence is suggesting that local application of insulin might reduce the structural and functional defects of this disorder. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of sequential applied benzalkonium chloride and Insulin eye drops on the visual acuity and central macular thickness of eyes suffering from macular edema. Methods: Patients refractive to or refusing treatment with anti-VEGF agents were selected. Their visual acuity and central macular thickness were measured immediately before and until six months after treatment. The treatment consisted of twice a day application of specially prepared benzalkonium chloride and Insulin eye drops. Results are expressed as mean ± SD. The procedures followed were all in line with the guides for ethics of the hospital and were not in conflict with the declaration of Helsinki. Result: After six months, the mean visual acuity increased significantly from 0.28±0.17 to 0.53±0.27 (p = 0.001) and the central macular thickness decreased from 393±122 µm to 250±72 µm (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: Sequential applied benzalkonium chloride and insulin eye drops improve visual acuity and reduce central macular thickness in eyes suffering from macular edema. Further studies to elucidate the exact mechanism of action are necessary. Apart from this, the use of these drops may prove to be a cheaper and more efficient method to treat the rather disabling condition.]]>
<![CDATA[Pars Plana Vitrectomy in Posttraumatic Endophthalmitis in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Andi Arus Victor]]>;
<![CDATA[Ari Djatikusumo]]>;
<![CDATA[Elvioza Elvioza]]>;
<![CDATA[Gitalisa Andayani Adriono]]>;
<![CDATA[Anggun Rama Yudantha]]>;
<![CDATA[Mario Marbungaran Hutapea]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Retina Vol 3 No 2 (2020): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society ]]>
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DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2020.vol003.iss002.130
<![CDATA[Introduction: Endophthalmitis is an inflammation of the intraocular tissues and fluid, and an emergency in ophthalmology. One of the most common causes of endophthalmitis is post-traumatic endophthalmitis. Post-traumatic endophthalmitis has a poorer prognosis than post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis. The immediate pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) surgery in post-traumatic endophthalmitis is beneficial for optimizing of final visual. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study of post-traumatic endophthalmitis patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy in the Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia from January 2017 – June 2017. Result: There were twelve cases of post-traumatic endophthalmitis undergoes pars plana vitrectomy within the period of January 2017-June 2017. The most frequently identified causative organism was Staphylococcus (33,3%). There was an improvement of final visual acuity after the procedure of pars plana vitrectomy in 58.3% post-traumatic endophthalmitis patients. Conclusion: Early PPV leads to vision improvement and maintains visual acuity in post-traumatic endophthalmitis. Keywords: Pars Plana Vitrectomy, Endophthalmitis, Post-traumatic]]>
