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Atom Indonesia Journal

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Published by Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional

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Core Subject : Science,

Materials Science & Nanotechnology

Exist for publishing the results of research and development in nuclear science and technology Starting for 2010 Atom Indonesia published three times a year in April, August, and December The scope of this journal covers experimental and analytical research in all areas of nuclear science and technology. including nuclear physics, reactor physics, radioactive waste treatment, fuel element development, radioisotopes and radio pharmaceutical engineering, nuclear and radiation safety, neutron scattering, material science and technology, as well as utilization of isotopes and radiation in agriculture, industry, health and environment.

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Articles 7 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 40, No 1 (2014): April 2014" : 7 Documents clear

Magnetic Properties and Magnetocaloric Effect in Layered NdMn1.9Ti0.1Si2 M.F. Md Din; J.L. Wang; S.J. Kennedy; S.X. Dou
Atom Indonesia Vol 40, No 1 (2014): April 2014
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

The structural and magnetic properties of the NdMn1.9Ti0.1Si2 compund have been studied by high-intensity x-ray and high-resolution neutron powder diffraction, specific heat, dc magnetization, and differential scanning calorimetry measurements over the temperature range of 3-450 K. The Curie temperature and Néel temperature of layered NdMn1.9Ti0.1Si2 are indicated as TC ~ 22 K and TN ~ 374 K respectively. The first order magnetic transition from antiferromagnetic [AFil-type] to ferromagnetic [F(Nd)+Fmc] around TC is found in layered NdMn1.9Ti0.1Si2and is associated with large magnetocaloric effect. This behavior has been confirmed as a contribution of the magnetostructural coupling by using neutron and x-ray powder diffraction. The magnetic entropy change –ΔSM ~ 15.3 J kg-1 K-1 and adiabatic temperature change ΔTad ~ 4.7 K have been determined using magnetization and specific heat measurement under 0-5 T applied fields. This compound exhibits almost no thermal and magnetic hysteresis, thus potentially applicable in low temperature region for magnetic refrigerator material.Received: 31 December 2013; Revised:10 February 2014; Accepted: 24 February 2014

Fragmentation of Nimotuzumab for Preparation of 125I-F(ab’)2-Nimotuzumab as a Precursor for Preparing 125I-F(ab’)2-Nimotuzumab-NLS Radiopharmaceutical for Cancer Therapy R.D. Haryuni; A. Bahtiar; S. Soenarjo; Y. Harahap; A. Mutalib; M. Ramli; S. Hermanto; C.N. Ardiyatno; V.Y. Susilo; D. Haffid
Atom Indonesia Vol 40, No 1 (2014): April 2014
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2014.259

Nimotuzumab is an anticancer agent which belongs to the inhibitor group of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). Thismonoclonal antibody has a relatively high molecular weight which slowspenetration on tumor cells, making it less attractive in imaging kinetics and potentially elicits antibodies responses. Therefore, in this study nimotuzumab was fragmented to form a bivalent antibody [F(ab’)2] and then labeled with 125I to form 125I-F(ab’)2-nimotuzumab which can be used further as a precursor for preparing 125I-F(ab’)2-nimotuzumab-NLS(NLS = nuclear localization sequence) radiopharmaceuticalfor radioimmunotherapy. The aims of this study was to obtain characteristics of 125I-F(ab’)2-nimotuzumab by comparing with the 125I labeled-intact nimotuzumab (125I-nimotuzumab). This study was initiated by purifying nimotuzumab by mean of dialysis. The purified nimotuzumab was then fragmented by using pepsin. The F(ab')2-nimotuzumab formed was then purified from its by-products which formed in fragmentation process by using a PD-10 column (consisted Sephadex G25). The intact nimotuzumab and its F(ab’)2 fragment were then labeled with the 125I to form 125I-nimotuzumab and 125I-F(ab’)2-nimotuzumab. The radiochemical purity are 98.27 % and 93.24 %, respectively. Stability test results show that, both 125I-nimotuzumab and 125I-F(ab’)2-nimotuzumab are more stable at 4 °C than at room temperature storage and 37 °C.Received: 24 May 2013; Revised: 21 February 2014; Accepted: 28 February 2014

Analysis of 99Mo Production Capacity in Uranyl Nitrate Aqueous Homogeneous Reactor using ORIGEN and MCNP A. Isnaeni; M.S. Aljohani; T.G. Aboalfaraj; S.I. Bhuiyan
Atom Indonesia Vol 40, No 1 (2014): April 2014
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

99mTc is a very useful radioisotope in medical diagnostic procedure. 99mTc is produced from 99Mo decay. Currently, most of 99Mo is produced by irradiating 235U in the nuclear reactor. 99Mo mostly results from the fission reaction of 235U targets with a fission yield about 6.1%. A small additional amount is created from 98Mo neutron activation. Actually 99Mo is also created in the reactor fuel, but usually we do not extract it. The fuel will become spent fuel which is a highly radioactive waste. 99Mo production system in the aqueous homogeneous reactor offers a better method, because all of the 99Mo can be extracted from the fuel solution. Fresh reactor fuel solution consists of uranyl nitrate dissolved in water. There is no separation of target and fuel in an aqueous homogeneous reactor where target and fuel become one liquid solution, and there is no spent fuel generated from this reactor. Simulation of the extraction process is performed while reactor in operation (without reactor shutdown). With an extraction flow rate of 3.6 L/h, after 43 hours of reactor operation the production of 99Mo is relatively constant at about 98.6 curie/hour./hour.Received: 11 January 2014; Revised: 18 February 2014; Accepted: 28 February 2014

Natural Radioactivity in Some Food Crops from Bangka-Belitung Islands, Indonesia Syarbaini Syarbaini; A. Warsona; D. Iskandar
Atom Indonesia Vol 40, No 1 (2014): April 2014
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Natural radioactivities of food crops are the main sources of internal radiation exposure in humans. Bangka-Belitung islands of Indonesia has a higher natural background radioactivity than typical areas because of tin mining activities.The study was carried out to evaluate the natural radioactivity concentration in several food crops grown in Bangka and Belitung Islands. Food samples collected from Bangka and Belitung Islands were analyzed by means of a gamma spectroscopy for natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K. The annual intake of the food was estimated on the basis of their average annual consumption. Calculations were also made to determine the effective dose to an individual consuming such diets. The intakes of these radionuclides were calculated using the concentrations in Bangka-Belitung foods and annual consumption rates of these food. Annual intakes of these radionuclides were as follows: 226Ra = 190.00; 232Th = 633.79 and 40K = 2065.10 Bq/year. The annual internal dose resulting from ingestion of radionuclides in food was 0.205 mSv/year which is much lower than annual dose limit of 1 mSv for general public. The radionuclides with highest consumption is 40K followed by 232Th and 226Ra.Received: 21 October 2013; Revised: 22 April 2014; Accepted: 28 April 2014

Synthesis of Sulochrin-125I and Its Binding Affinity as α-Glucosidase Inhibitor using Radioligand Binding Assay (RBA) Method W. Lestari; V.Y. Susilo; S. Setiyowati; Triningsih Triningsih; A. Ariyanto; P. Widayati; L.B.S. Kardono; A. Yanuar
Atom Indonesia Vol 40, No 1 (2014): April 2014
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Most of diabetes patients have type 2 diabetes mellitus or non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus can be conducted by inhibiting the α-glucosidase enzyme which converts carbohydrates into glucose. Sulochrin is one of the potential compounds which can inhibit the function of α-glucosidase enzyme. This study was carried out to obtain data of sulochrin binding with α-glucosidase enzyme as α-glucosidase inhibitor using Radioligand Binding Assay (RBA) method. The primary reagent required in RBA is the labeled radioactive ligand (radioligand). In this study, the radioligand was sulochrin-125I. Prior to the sulochrin-125I synthesis, sulochrin-I was synthesized. Sulochrin-I and sulochrin-125I were synthesized and their bindings were studied using RBA. The molecular formula of the synthesized Sulochrin-I is C17H15O7I and its molecular weight is 457.9940. The sulochrin-125I was synthesized from sulochrin-I by isotope exchange method. From RBA, the dissociation constant (Kd) and the maximum binding (Bmax) were found as 26.316 nM and 9.302 nM, respectively. The low Kd indicates that sulochrin is capable of binding to α-glucosidase.Received: 08 November 2013; Revised: 28 February 2014; Accepted: 28 March 2014

Radiation-induced DNA Double Strand Breaks and Their Modulations by Treatments with Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaf Extracts: A Cancer Cell Culture Model K. Boonsirichai; S. Jetawattana
Atom Indonesia Vol 40, No 1 (2014): April 2014
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2014.262

Gamma radiation brings deleterious effects upon human cells by inducing oxidative stress and DNA damages. Antioxidants have been shown to confer protective effects on irradiated normal cells. Moringa oleifera Lam. is a widely used nutritional supplement with antioxidant activities. This report showed that antioxidant-containing supplements, in addition to protecting normal cells, could protect cancer cells against genotoxic effects of gamma radiation. γ-H2AX immunofluorescent foci were utilized as an indicator of radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks. MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells were irradiated with 2-8 Gy gamma radiation. A linear relationship between the formation of γ-H2AX foci and radiation dose was observed with an average of 10 foci per cell per Gy. A 30-minute pretreatment of the cells with either the aqueous or the ethanolic extract of M. oleifera leaves could partially protect the cells from radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks. A pretreatment with 500 µg/mL aqueous extract reduced the number of foci formed by 15% when assayed at 30 minutes post-irradiation. The ethanolic extract was more effective; 500 µg/mL of its concentration reduced the number of foci among irradiated cells by 30%. The results indicated that irradiated cancer cells responded similarly to nutritional supplements containing antioxidants as irradiated normal cells. These natural antioxidants could confer protective effects upon cancer cells against gamma radiation.Received: 08 November 2013; Revised: 01 March 2014; Accepted: 17 March 2014

Radiometric Mapping for Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) Assessment in Mamuju, West Sulawesi H. Syaeful; I.G. Sukadana; A. Sumaryanto
Atom Indonesia Vol 40, No 1 (2014): April 2014
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2014.263

Mamuju has been known to have high radiation dose rate which is comes from NORM in rock and soil. Major concern is due to its location which is near inhabitant settlement area. Preliminary research has been done by environmental team which is limited to main access road only, while some remote area has left untouched. The purpose of the research is to delineate the location and distribution of thorium and uranium anomaly in Mamuju, and also to provide adequate information regarding the anomaly and high dose rate area to decision makers and stakeholders in neither local nor central government. Method applied is radiometric mapping using spectrometer RS-125 with NaI(Tl) detector in the area of interest Geological Formation of Adang Volcanic, which is more than 800 square km in size. The radiometric mapping method is widely used in uranium/thorium exploration, and now has been added with the measurement of radiation dose rate which is appropriate to environmental surveys. The mapping has been successfully delineated the area of NORM or the area with thorium and uranium anomaly. Thorium and uranium anomaly identified related with multi-geological-process resulting the increase of grade into several fold from its original state.Received: 08 November 2013; Revised: 20 February 2014; Accepted: 10 March 2014

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