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Published by Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional

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Materials Science & Nanotechnology

Exist for publishing the results of research and development in nuclear science and technology Starting for 2010 Atom Indonesia published three times a year in April, August, and December The scope of this journal covers experimental and analytical research in all areas of nuclear science and technology. including nuclear physics, reactor physics, radioactive waste treatment, fuel element development, radioisotopes and radio pharmaceutical engineering, nuclear and radiation safety, neutron scattering, material science and technology, as well as utilization of isotopes and radiation in agriculture, industry, health and environment.

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Articles 7 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 41, No 3 (2015): December 2015" : 7 Documents clear

Optimization of Residual Stress of High Temperature Treatment Using Genetic Algorithm and Neural Network M. Susmikanti; A. Hafid; J.B. Sulistyo
Atom Indonesia Vol 41, No 3 (2015): December 2015
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

In a nuclear industry area, high temperature treatment of materials is a factor which requires special attention. Assessment needs to be conducted on the properties of the materials used, including the strength of the materials. The measurement of material properties under thermal processes may reflect residual stresses. The use of Genetic Algorithm (GA) to determine the optimal residual stress is one way to determine the strength of a material. In residual stress modeling with several parameters, it is sometimes difficult to solve for the optimal value through analytical or numerical calculations. Here, GA is an efficient algorithm which can generate the optimal values, both minima and maxima. The purposes of this research are to obtain the optimization of variable in residual stress models using GA and to predict the center of residual stress distribution, using fuzzy neural network (FNN) while the artificial neural network (ANN) used for modeling. In this work a single-material 316/316L stainless steel bar is modeled. The minimal residual stresses of the material at high temperatures were obtained with GA and analytical calculations. At a temperature of 6500C, the GA optimal residual stress estimation converged at –711.3689 MPa at adistance of 0.002934 mm from center point, whereas the analytical calculation result at that temperature and position is -975.556 MPa . At a temperature of 8500C, the GA result was -969.868 MPa at 0.002757 mm from the center point, while with analytical result was -1061.13 MPa. The difference in residual stress between GA and analytical results at a temperatureof6500C is about 27 %, while at 8500C it is 8.67 %. The distribution of residual stress showed a grouping concentrated around a coordinate of (-76; 76) MPa. The residuals stress model is a degree-two polynomial with coefficients of 50.33, -76.54, and -55.2, respectively, with a standard deviation of 7.874.Received: 09 October 2014; Revised: 21 April 2015; Accepted: 16 June 2015

A Fuzzy Probability Algorithm for Evaluating the AP1000 Long Term Cooling System to Mitigate Large Break LOCA J.H. Purba
Atom Indonesia Vol 41, No 3 (2015): December 2015
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Components of nuclear power plants do not always have historical failure data to probabilistically evaluate their reliability characteristics. To overcome this drawback, an alternative approach has been proposed by involving experts to qualitatively justifybasic event likelihood occurences. However, expert judgments always involve epistemic uncertainty and this uncertainty needs to be quantified. Existing fault tree analysis quantifies uncertainty using Monte Carlo simulation, which is based on probability distributions. Since expert judgments are not described in probability distributions, Monte Carlo simulation is not appropriate for evaluating epistemic uncertainty. Therefore, a new approach needs to be developed to overcome this limitation. This study proposes a fuzzy probability algorithmtoevaluate epistemic uncertainties in fault tree analysis.In the proposed algorithm, fuzzy probabilities are used to represent epistemic uncertainties of basic events, intermediate events, and the top event. To propagate and quantify epistemic uncertainty in fault tree analysis, a fuzzy multiplication rule and a fuzzy complementation rule are applied to substitute the AND Boolean and OR Boolean gates, respectively. To see the feasibility and applicability of the proposed algorithm, a case-based experiment on uncertainty evaluation of the AP1000 long term cooling system to mitigate the large break loss of coolant accident is discussed.The result shows that the best estimate probability to describe the failure of AP1000 long term cooling system generated by the proposed algorithmis3.15×10-11, which is very closed to the reference value of 1.11×10-11.This result confirms that the proposed algorithm offers a good alternative approach to quantify uncertainties in probabilistic safety assessment by fault tree analysis.Received:22 October 2014; Revised: 24 June 2015; Accepted: 29 June 2015

Evaluation of Mungbean Mutant Lines to Drought Stress and Their Genetic Relationships Using SSR Markers Y Yuliasti; R Reflinur
Atom Indonesia Vol 41, No 3 (2015): December 2015
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Development of mungbean cultivarstolerant to drought stress through mutation breeding approach would enable us to anticipate the crop yield-reducing effects of climate changes. The objective of this research was to evaluate the yield performance of mungbean mutant lines that showed tolerance to drought stress, and to analyze their genetic diversity and relationship among mutant lines using SSR markers. The study was conducted during the dry season of 2012 in the Muneng experimental farm, Probolinggo, East Java. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with four replications. Five mutant lines and two parental lines as control were tested for evaluation of yield and drought tolerance under twoenvironments of two irrigation systems as treatment. The two environmental conditions consisted of optimal irrigation (at least three times: at planting, flowering and during pod filling) and suboptimal irrigation (two times at planting and flowering). To evaluate genetic variation among selected mutant lines and their discrimination from parental lines in molecular level, a cluster analysis was performed using Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) in the NTSYS software. The results showed that three mutant lines, including PsJ30, PsJ31, PsJ32 produced the highest grain yields of 1.17, 1.01, and 1.04 ton/ha, respectively, compared to the other mutant lines and the parents Gelatik (0.85 ton/ha) and Perkutut (0.87 ton/ha) as control check. Of those mutant lines, PSJ31 was the most tolerant to drought with sensitivity index value of 0.47. The PSJ31 has now been officially released as a new variety ( 2013), named as Muri which was identified to have high yield and tolerant to drought. Based on 23 SSR markers used for clustering analysis of those 3 selected mutant lines,9SSR markers (MBSS R033; satt137; MBSSR008; MBSSR203; MBSSR013; MBSSR021; MBSSR016; MBSSR136; and DMBSSR013) were successfully identified the three mungbean mutant lines. Taken together, we have succeeded at develop and evaluate three elite mutant breeding lines which are valuable resources for genetic variation in mungbean. The genetic variation information of mungbean at molecular level potentially provides room for recombinants which are essential for the development of a new superior variety in mungbean improvement.Received: 04 October 2014; Revised: 04 June 2015; Accepted: 16 June 2015

Preparation of 99mTc-Kanamycin Using a Direct Labeling Method E.M. Widyasari; M.E. Sriyani; T.H.A. Wibawa; W. Nuraeni
Atom Indonesia Vol 41, No 3 (2015): December 2015
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Infectious diseases are still the leading cause of death in the world. The accurate technique for early detection and determination of the exact location of infection in the body is still needed. Nuclear techniques are capable for this purpose while other techniques such as MRI, USG and CT-SCAN sometimes cannot be applied. 99mTc-kanamycin radiopharmaceutical is complex of kanamycin and technetium-99m radionuclide, was used for bacterial detection of infection. The labeling studies of 99mTc-kanamycin has been carried out by the indirect labeling method using pyrophosphate as a co-ligand with the results of labeling efficiency above 95%. However, the presence of radiochemical impurities in the form of 99mTc-pyrophosphate in the indirect labeling have to be considered which may interfere the imaging result. This study aimed to determine the optimum labeling conditions of 99mTc-kanamycin by direct labeling method. Kanamycin was successfully labeled with technetium-99m through direct labeling method. The labeling efficiency was determined by ascending paper chromatography using Whatman 3 paper as the stationary phase, and acetone as the mobile phase to separate the radiochemical impurities in the form of 99mTc-pertechnetate. While impurities in the form of 99mTc-reduced were separated using the stationary phase ITLC-SG and 0.5 N NaOH as mobile phase. The experiment result showed that the optimum labeling conditions obtained by using 5 mg kanamycin, 30 µg SnCl2.2H2O, and pH of labeling was 9. The incubation time of labeling was 30 min at room temperature, provided labeling efficiency of 92.31 ± 1.74 %.The successful of kanamycin labeling with high efficiency makes 99mTc-kanamycin can potentially be used as a radiopharmaceutical for the early detection of infectious diseasesReceived: 04 October 2014; Revised: 28 June 2015; Accepted: 11 August 2015

Investigation on Operating Parameters of the Homemade Penning-Type Ion Source for Cyclotron S Silakhuddin; S. Santosa
Atom Indonesia Vol 41, No 3 (2015): December 2015
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

A Penning-type ion source for a cyclotron producing PET radioisotopes has been made. To determine the performance of the ion source for further developments, an investigation on the operating parameters has been conducted. The investigation was carried out by experiments on an ion source test device. The investigated operating parameters were the puller voltage, the magnetic field, the hydrogen gas flow rate, and the cathode current. The results showed that the puller voltage was the most sensitive parameter to change ion beam current, and at a voltage of 8 kV an ion beam current of 35 µA was obtained. The puller voltage is still likely to be raised if the current beam is to be increased. Increasing the magnetic field beyond approximately 450 gauss caused the ion beam to saturate. It was obtained that a moderate range of gas flow rate on the value of 5-10 cc/min, producing a high beam current with no significant effect to decrease a vacuum level. Cathode current magnitudes of up to 1 mA significantly affect the beam current, while above this value the beam current tends to be constantReceived: 04 October 2014; Revised: 28 April 2015; Accepted: 05May 2015

Simulations of Beam Quality in a 13 MeV PET Cyclotron A. Pramudita; E. Mulyani; I.A. Kudus
Atom Indonesia Vol 41, No 3 (2015): December 2015
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2015.411

Simulation of the trajectories of negative hydrogen ion (H−) beam in a 13 MeV PET cyclotron (DECY-13) were carried out by using the Runge-Kutta (RK4) approximation method and Scilab 5.4.1. The magnetic and electric fields were calculated using Opera-3d/TOSCA softwares at 1 mm resolution. The cyclotron is of a fourth-harmonics type, meaning that the acceleration occurs four times per cycle, with a radiofrequency (RF) field of 77.66 MHz frequency and 40 kV amplitude. The calculations and simulations show that the maximum distance between the ion source and the puller is about 6 mm, while the maximum width of the beam at 13 MeV is about 10 mm, and the initial phase between the RF field and the beam ranges from -10° to 10°, with a yield of about 10% of the beam from the ion source getting accelerated to 13 MeV.Received: 12 March 2015; Revised:30 June 2015; Accepted: 01 July 2015

Assessment of Average Tracer Concentration Approach for Flow Rate Measurement and Field Calibration P. Sidauruk; S Satrio; E.R. Pujiindiyati
Atom Indonesia Vol 41, No 3 (2015): December 2015
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2015.416

Tracer method is one of the methods available for open channel flow rate measurements such as in irrigation canals. Average tracer concentration approach is an instantaneous injection method that based on the average tracer concentrations value at the sampling point. If the procedures are correct and scientific considerations are justified, tracer method will give relatively high accuracy of measurements. The accuracy of the average tracer concentration approach has been assessed both in laboratory and field. The results of accuracy tests of open channel flow that has been conducted at the Center for Application Isotopes and Radiation Laboratory-BATAN showed that the accuracy level of average concentrations approach method was higher than 90% compared to the true value (volumetric flow rate). The accuracy of average tracer concentration approach was also assessed during the application of the method to measure flow rate of Mrican irrigation canals as an effort to perform field calibration of existing weirs. Both average tracer concentration approach and weirs can predict the trend of the flow correctly. However, it was observed that flow discrepancies between weirs measurement and average tracer concentration approach predictions were as high as 27%. The discrepancies might be due to the downgrading performances of the weirs because of previous floods and high sediment contents of the flow.Received: 03 June 2015; Revised: 06 July 2015; Accepted: 08 July 2015

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