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Published by Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional

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Materials Science & Nanotechnology

Exist for publishing the results of research and development in nuclear science and technology Starting for 2010 Atom Indonesia published three times a year in April, August, and December The scope of this journal covers experimental and analytical research in all areas of nuclear science and technology. including nuclear physics, reactor physics, radioactive waste treatment, fuel element development, radioisotopes and radio pharmaceutical engineering, nuclear and radiation safety, neutron scattering, material science and technology, as well as utilization of isotopes and radiation in agriculture, industry, health and environment.

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Articles 11 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 44, No 2 (2018): August 2018" : 11 Documents clear

Acknowledgement Atom Indonesia Vol 44 No 2 ack ack
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 2 (2018): August 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Fungal Population and Aflatoxin Contamination on Stored Gamma-Irradiated Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) Kernels K. Nurtjahja; O.S. Dharmaputra; W.P. Rahayu; R. Syarief
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 2 (2018): August 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

A study on the effectivenessof gamma irradiation at doses of 5 and 10 kGy on fungal population, Aspergillus flavus strains, and aflatoxin B1 contamination on stored nutmeg kernels was conducted. The kernels were collected from seeds in a period of one week from the ground at North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia.Dried shelled kernels with ±10 %moisture content, packed in polyethylene bags at 2.1 kg/bag, were irradiated at 5 and 10 kGy and stored at ambient temperature (28°C) for 2 and 4 months. Kernel moisture content, fungal population, and aflatoxin B1 were determined before and after irradiation, and after 2 and 4 months of storage. Results showed that fungal population was reduced with the increasing irradiation dose. Five species of fungi were isolated, i.e., Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Eurotium chevalieri, and Penicillium citrinum. A total of twelve A. flavus strains were isolated, five strains from unirradiated kernels and five and two strains from irradiated kernels at doses 5 and 10 kGy, respectively. Among these strains, 58 % were capable of producing L sclerotia and 25 % were identified as toxigenic. Kernel moisture during storage was 7.3 % and no aflatoxin B1 was detected before and after irradiation, and after2 and 4 months of storage duration.

Present Status of Marine Radioecology in Jakarta Bay H. Suseno; B Budiawan; M Muslim; M. Makmur; M. N. Yahya
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 2 (2018): August 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Operation of nuclear facilities such as research reactor and it’s supporting installation in Serpong Nuclear Area may release controlled radionuclides to Cisadane River and then it would flow to Jakarta Bay. There are limited marine radioecology studies or radionuclides monitoring at Jakarta Bay. Therefore monitoring of 239/240Pu and 137Cs was carried out from Tanjung Pasir to Tanjung Kerawang. The ERICA Assessment Tool was used to evaluate radiological risk in the marine environment of Jakarta Bay area. The 137Cs concentration in sea water and sea sediments were in range of 0.17 – 1.17 Bq.m-3 and 0.34 – 1.21 Bq.kg-1, respectively. Moreover, result of 239/240Pu measurement showed that concentration at sea water and sea sediment were range from < MDA – 0.53 mBq.m-3 and 2.64 – 55.70 mBq.kg-1 respectively. The results of risk analysis were indicated that all the total dose rates per organism were millions time lower than the screening rate (10 mGy.h-1).

Polymorphism of XRCC1 Gene Exon 6 (Arg194Trp) in Relation to Micronucleus Frequencies in Hospital Radiation Workers H. N.E. Surniyantoro; Y. Lusiyanti; T. Rahardjo; D. Tetriana; S. Nurhayati; H. Date
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 2 (2018): August 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

The genetic polymorphism of DNA repair gene plays some important role in regulating individual sensitivity to ionizing radiation, maintaining DNA integrity, and preventing cancer and DNA damage.XRCC1 as one of the members ofbase excision repair (BER) is involved in the repairement of oxidized bases and single-strand breaks DNA after exposure by ROS, including ionizing radiation. This study was aimed to examine the correlation between XRCC1 exon 6 gene polymorphism and MN frequency in radiation workers and their relation to age, gender, smoking status and years of exposure. This study involved 81 hospital radiation workers and 20 controls from several hospitals in Indonesia. Genotyping of XRCC1exon 6 gene polymorphism and MN assay were performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus assay (CBMN assay), respectively. The results indicated that MN frequency was significantly higherin the exposed workers than in the controls (15.38±7.72 versus 9±5.49; p = 0.001).Radiation workers with heterozygous alleles for XRCC1 polymorphisms showed a significantly higher MN frequency than controls with the same genotypes (17.5±8.36 versus 7.44±5.05; p = 0.002). The confounding factors, like gender and age, were significantly associated with increased MN frequency both in radiation workers and controls. Smoking status was significantly associated with MN frequency in the controls only, while years of exposure did not affect MN frequency either in radiation workers or controls. These results suggest that the genetic polymorphism of XRCC1 gene exon 6 with a mutant heterozygous/ CT variant demonstrated an association with the extent of DNA damage in the hospital radiation workers in this study. In the subsequent studies, it is necessary to examine the DNA repair genes polymorphism in populations with controlled non-genetic factors, such as lifestyles, environments, and exercises that affect the MN frequency as a biomarker of DNA damage.

Amino Acids Metabolism in the Muscle of Sheep fed with Mitchell Grass Hay Supplemented with Gliricidia sepium Y. Widiawati; M. Winugroho; E. Teleni
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 2 (2018): August 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Leaf of Gliricidia sepiumcontains high amino acid that required for protein synthesis in the muscle. Supplementation of the legume leaves to low quality basal diet would improves amino acids amount to obtain an optimum growth of animal. The aim of experiment was to investigate the effect of Gliricidia sepium leaves supplementation to low quality basal diet on protein synthesis in muscle of animal. Eighteen sheeps were divided into three groups based on live weight (27.6 ± 1.72, 27.1 ± 2.26 and 27.5 ± 1.56 kg) of feed treatment, namely Mitchell grass hay (MG), Gliricidia (GS),and haycombined with Gliricidia (MGGS). All the dietwas offered with the amount was determined to meet the maintenance metabolizable energy (ME) requirement of the animals. Feed utilization and amino acid metabolism in muscle of sheep was measured with radioactively labeled leucine, water and sodium bicarbonate. Results indicated that sheepin MG group had a negative energy balance, whereas sheep in MGGS group had the highest amount of ME available for growth. The rate of protein synthesis was higher in the MGGS group and tended to take up these amino acids in their hind-limb muscles, while animalsin MG and GS groups tended to have net outputs of amino acids from their hind-limb muscles. Animals in the MGGS group synthesised more protein in their muscle than those in the GS and MG groups. It was concluded that the supplementation of Gliricidia at a ratio of 40:60improved feed utilization of low quality basal diet. The improvement would be manifested in better digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) with subsequent better utilization of amino acids.

Cover Atom Indonesia Vol 44 No 2 cover cover
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 2 (2018): August 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

The Effect of Calcium Carbonate and Cholecalciferol on Pharmacokinetic Interaction of 99mTc-CTMP Radiopharmaceuticals for Bone Scanning in Rats (Rattus norvegicus) I. Mahendra; I. Daruwati; T. H. Ambarwibawa; W. Nuraeni
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 2 (2018): August 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Hypocalcemia is one of manifestation of bone metastases which could be treated using calcium carbonate and cholecalciferol. Tc-99m radiolabeled 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclo tetradecyl-1,4,8,11-tetramethylene phosponic acid(against 99mTc-CTMP)on the other hand is a radioactive complex compound which has an affinity toward bone. Therefore, it could be used as bone tracer (radiopharmaceutical) in bone imaging.However, there has been a concern regarding the use 99mTc-CTMPon patients who have been treated with calcium carbonate and cholecalciferol. In this circumstance 99mTc-CTMPcould interact withcalcium carbonate and cholecalciferol and it might then interefere with the imaging results. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic behavior of 99mTc-CTMP in rats (Rattus norvegicus)that had been previously treated with calcium carbonate and cholecalciferol. The pharmacokineticstudies were performed using four groups of animal modeland each groups consists of three rats. The groups were classified as control (I), rats treated with calcium carbonate (II), rats treated with cholecalciferol (III), and rats treated with both calcium carbonate and cholecalciferol (IV). After the rats were treated for 3 days,99mTc-CTMP radiopharmaceutical was injected through a tail vein of each rat. At specific time intervals after 99mTc-CTMP administration, blood wasthen extracted from the tail, weighedand counted using a single channel analyzer. The percentage of radioactivity in blood at a certain interval wasthen calculated to determine the distribution half-time and the elimination half-time. Thedistribution half-time of group I, II, II, and IV were 0.43+0.13, 0.25+0.18, 0.32+0.10, and 0.47+0.07 hours, respectively, while the elimination half-time were 2.56+0.18, 4.48+0.56, 4.47+1.13, 6.19+1.97 respectively. The results of T-test showed that there was no significant difference of distribution half-time between the three treated groups and the control group. However, there was significant difference of elimination half-time between the three treatment groups and control. This research showed that giving calcium carbonate or, cholecalciferol, and both for 3 days prior administration of 99mTc-CTMP would mantain elimination half-time which resulted in longer excretion/ elimination time.

Preface Atom Indonesia Vol 44 No 2 preface preface
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 2 (2018): August 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Determination of the Dosimetric Characteristics of BATAN’s 125I Source for Brachytherapy: An Experimental Study K.Y.P. Sandy; S.A. Pawiro; D.S. Soejoko
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 2 (2018): August 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

125I brachytherapysources withlowphotonenergies have beenwidelyusedin treatingtumors.Accordingto American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group No. 43 (AAPMTG-43)recommendations,dosimetric characteristic ofthe newbrachytherapysources shouldbe determined before clinical use.Inthis study, dosimetric characteristic of 125Imanufacturedby BATAN have been determined through measurement by using Thermoluminescent Dosemeter (TLD) andgafchromic XR- QA2film.The radial dosefunctionmeasurements were performedat distances rangingfrom0.5to10cmfromthe source center.The anisotropyfunctions were measuredat distances of2,3,and5cmfromthe source center forangles ranging from0to 90degree inallquadrants.The results indicated that a doserate constants measured with TLD and film are 1.05± 8 % cGy.h-1.U-1and1.01±8 % cGy.h-1.U-1, respectively.The radial dosefunctiondecreasesalongwith the increasingdistance from source andmeetsthe 5thorderpolynomial equation. The anisotropyfunction resultshows thattheanisotropyindosedistributionincreasesalongthe source axis.Thismeasurement data areinagreementwith the previousstudy on EGSnrc Monte Carloresult andhave a similar patternwithIsoAidandGMS BT-125 commercial125Isource.

Dynamic Analysis on the Safety Criteria of the Conceptual Core Design in MTR-type Research Reactor T. Surbakti; S. Pinem; L. Suparlina
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 2 (2018): August 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2018.545

One of thehigh-priority research activities in BATAN is designing a new MTR-type research reactor with a new fuel. The core follows a compact core model that consists of 16 fuels and 4 control rods. The increasing heat flux at the fuel will cause the temperature of the fuel and cladding to increase so that the coolant flow rate needs tobe increased. However, the coolant flow rate in the fuel element is limited by the thermal-hydraulic stability in the core. Therefore, dynamic analysis is important in evaluating the design and operation of nuclear reactor safety. The objective of this research work is to carry out a dynamic analysis for a conceptual MTR research reactor core fuelled with the low-enrichment U9Mo-Al dispersion. The calculations were performed using WIMSD-5B, Batan-2DIFF, Batan-3DIFF, POKDYN, and MTRDYN codes. Steady-state thermal-hydraulic parameters and dynamic analysis were determined using the MTRDYN code. The calculation results show that the maximum temperatures of the coolant, cladding, and fuel meat with the uranium density of 3.96 g cm-3 are 76.01 °C, 192.02 °C, and 196.24 °C, respectively. The maximum value of fuel meat temperature for safety limit is 210 °C, which means that the maximum temperatures fulfill the design limit, and therefore the reactor operates safely at the nominal power. The dynamic analysis shows that inherent safety can protect the reactor operation when insertion of reactivity occurs in the core.

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