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INDONESIA
Atom Indonesia Journal
Published by Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Exist for publishing the results of research and development in nuclear science and technology Starting for 2010 Atom Indonesia published three times a year in April, August, and December The scope of this journal covers experimental and analytical research in all areas of nuclear science and technology. including nuclear physics, reactor physics, radioactive waste treatment, fuel element development, radioisotopes and radio pharmaceutical engineering, nuclear and radiation safety, neutron scattering, material science and technology, as well as utilization of isotopes and radiation in agriculture, industry, health and environment.
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Articles 13 Documents
 1   2 
Search results for , issue "Vol 47, No 2 (2021): August 2021" : 13 Documents clear
Priming Low-Dose Gamma Irradiation Increases Cellular Radioadaptation Response through the Induction of Hsp70 and SOD2 S. Supriyadi
Atom Indonesia Vol 47, No 2 (2021): August 2021
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2021.1019

Abstract

Exposure to low-dose radiation has been demonstrated to stimulate increased cell protection when receiving subsequent challenge dose in what is known as radioadaptation response. Hsp70 and SOD, especially SOD2, are cytoprotectors against superoxide radicals generated by radiation exposure. This study aims to measure the expressions of Hsp70 and SOD2 in parotid salivary gland acinar cells as an indicator of radioadaptation response stimulated by low-dose gamma irradiation. The study used 24 male Rattus norvegicus that are divided into four groups: normal control, positive control, with 50-mGy priming irradiation, and with 100-mGy priming irradiation. The animals were immobilized without anesthetics with special tools designed especially for this study. Irradiation was carried out using a cobalt-60 (gamma ray) teletherapy unit (Philips XK-100) directed to the dorsa of the animals’ heads. High-dose gamma irradiation (2 Gy) was administered 5 hours after priming irradiation. The expression of Hsp70 and SOD2 was measured through immunohistochemical technique on the parotid salivary gland acinar cells and observed using a light microscope with 1000× magnification. Data obtained was analyzed with one-way ANOVA test (α = 0.05). The results showed that Hsp70 and SOD2 expressions in the priming irradiation groups were higher than those in control groups. The conclusion of this study: priming irradiation with low-dose gamma radiation before challenge irradiation with high-dose gamma radiation increases the radioadaptation response of salivary gland acinar cells through induction of Hsp70 and SOD2.
Coupled Analysis of Thorium-based Fuels in the High-Performance Light Water Reactor Fuel Assembly Y. Pérez; C. R. García; F. L. Mena; L. Castro
Atom Indonesia Vol 47, No 2 (2021): August 2021
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2021.1081

Abstract

One of the six selected concepts to be part of Generation IV nuclear reactors is the Supercritical Light Water Cooled Reactor. The High-Performance Light Water Reactor (HPLWR) is the European version and it is a very promising design. In recent years, interest in the study of thorium-based fuel cycles has been renewed and its possibilities for current LWRs have been evaluated. The use of thorium-based fuels will be fundamental in the future sustainability of nuclear energy, since in addition to its abundance in nature, thorium has an important group of advantages. In this paper, performance of thorium-based fuels in the typical fuel assembly of the HPLWR reactor is evaluated, using a computational model based on CFD and Monte Carlo codes for the neutronic/thermal-hydraulic coupled analysis. The volumetric power density profiles, coolant temperature profiles, fuel temperature profiles and others are compared with those obtained for standard UO2 fuel. When the thorium-based fuels are used, the obtained infinite multiplication coefficients are smaller than the value obtained when UO2 is used, since the 232Th isotope has a lower contribution to the multiplicative properties of the medium than 238U. As a result, a difference of approximately 12 000 pcm was observed. The results verified that the HPLWR is a thermal reactor with a hard spectrum. There are no notable changes in the neutron spectrum if the mass fraction of thorium is slightly varied.  With coupled analysis, the potential benefits of the utilization of thorium-based fuels were verified. Moreover, a significant temperature decrease by 136 K on the center line of the fuel elements was observed. When the mass fraction of thorium increases in the oxides mixture, the weighted average temperature on the fuel elements decreases.
Impact of Tube Voltage on Radiation Dose (CTDI) and Image Quality at Chest CT Examination M. El Mansouri; A. Choukri; M. Talbi; O. K. Hakam
Atom Indonesia Vol 47, No 2 (2021): August 2021
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2021.1120

Abstract

During Computed Tomography (CT) scan examinations, it is important to ensure a good diagnosis by providing the maximum information to detect pathologies and this can be done with a reduced dose. In this respect, several methods of dose reduction have been studied and evaluated. This work investigates the effect of tube voltage while varying the tube current on image quality and radiation dose at Chest CT examination. This study was conducted on HITACHI CT 16 slice Scanner using two phantoms for evaluating the dose and image quality; a PMMA phantom and a CATPHAN 500. Two tube voltages of 120 KVp and 100 KVp have been used for some variation of the tube currents (mAs) and recording the values of the measured quantities (CTDIv, spatial resolution, contrast to noise ratio CNR and noise). The scanning with 100 KVp at Chest CT examination led to a reduction in CTDIv until 45 %, an increase of noise from 17 % to 45 %, and the Spatial Resolution fell slightly (6 and 7 pl/cm) compared to the 120 KVp. The CNR shows a slight regression from 11 to 22 % for the 120 KVp and 100 KVp. This study has shown that despite the increase in the image noise at low tube voltage 100 KVp, it is possible to reduce the radiation dose by up to 45 % without degradation of image quality at Chest CT examination. Further works will evaluate the effect of acquisition parameters in other CT examinations.
Cover Atom Indonesia Vol 47 No 2 cover472 cover472
Atom Indonesia Vol 47, No 2 (2021): August 2021
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2021.1175

Abstract

Gamma Radiosynthesis of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles Stabilized in ι-Carrageenan Under Atmospheric Gases: A Surface Plasmon Resonance Based Study D. P. Perkasa; M. Y. Yunus; Y. Warastuti; B. Abbas
Atom Indonesia Vol 47, No 2 (2021): August 2021
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2021.963

Abstract

ι-Carrageenan is a biodegradable and biocompatible biomaterial which potentially stabilizes colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The present study explored gamma radiosynthesis of AgNPs at varied concentration of ι-carrageenan solutions. The reaction system contained 1.0 mM silver precursor from silver nitrate salt. Gamma irradiation was conducted at doses up to 20 kGy under simple condition, i.e., atmospheric gases and without addition of hydroxyl radical scavenger. The behavior of AgNPs in suspension was characterized based on their surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption spectra which were measured using UV-vis spectrophotometer. The results show that colloidal AgNPs were successfully radiosynthesized due to dual stabilizing/reducing activity of ι-carrageenan. The degradation product of ι-carrageenan shows antioxidant activities, which increase the reducing condition of the  reaction system. TEM micrograph reveals that the nanoparticles are spheroid in shape and monodisperse with an average particle size of below 10 nm. The SPR spectra indicate that the highest AgNPs concentration is found for irradiation at a dose of 10 kGy and ι-carrageenan concentration of 1.0 % (w/v). However, instability of AgNPs occurred a day after radiosynthesis due to oxidative dissolution and agglomeration. Further works on pH adjustment and optimization on irradiation dose and ι-carrageenan concentration are critical to improve the stability of colloidal AgNPs.
Texture Characterization of Duplex Stainless Steel 2205 Using Neutron Diffraction Method T. H. Priyanto; R. Muslih; A. Insani; B. Bharoto; A. Ramadhani; H. Mugirahardjo
Atom Indonesia Vol 47, No 2 (2021): August 2021
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2020.1038

Abstract

Duplex stainless steel (DSS) is widely used in chemical processes, petrochemical, oil & gas industries, and nuclear technology due to its excellent mechanical properties and exceptional generalized and localized corrosion resistance. In this study, the crystal structure, material phases, and texture characterization of DSS were carried out using the neutron diffraction method. The characterization results show that the duplex has two phases: α (ferrite) and g (austenite), each with a lattice parameter 2.8736 Angstrom and 3.6076 Angstrom, respectively. The sample symmetrization method from triclinic to orthorhombic are used to analyze pole figures. The crystallite orientation in the α and g phases have the opposite direction. The α phase has a crystallite orientation towards {110} <001> or Goss orientation, and the g phase, crystal orientation towards {100} <001> or the cube orientation. The orientation distribution function shows that the orientation strength of ferrite is much stronger than austenite. The crystallite orientation (texture) obtained by the orientation distribution function analysis follows the crystal structure analysis.
Preface Atom Indonesia Vol 47 No 2 preface472 preface472
Atom Indonesia Vol 47, No 2 (2021): August 2021
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2021.1176

Abstract

An Automated Measurement of Image Slice Thickness of Computed Tomography S. Sofiyatun; C. Anam; U. M. Zahro; D. A. Rukmana; G. Dougherty
Atom Indonesia Vol 47, No 2 (2021): August 2021
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2021.1111

Abstract

Measurement of the slice thickness in computed tomography (CT) is usually made using a special phantom, such as the AAPM CT performance phantom. Images of the phantom are analyzed manually and subjectively. The purpose of this study is to develop an automated system for measuring the slice thickness of the CT image of the phantom using MATLAB software.The CT AAPM performance phantom was scanned by a 128 multi-slice computed tomography scanner (Revolution Evo, GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) at a slice thickness of 5 mm with four different phantom orientations and also scanned by a 6 multi-slice CT scanner (Somatom Emotion 6, Siemens AG, Forchheim, Germany) for two slice thicknesses of 5 and 10 mm. Our automatedmethod produced an accurateslice thickness value less than 0.5 mm different from the nominal slice thicknesses and manual measurements. Similar results were obtained when the phantom was rotated. This system is more objective and effective compared to manual systems.
Evaluating the Diffusion Approximation Capability on the Integral Pressurized Water Reactor (IPWR) Core Calculation H. Ardiansyah; M. R. Oktavian
Atom Indonesia Vol 47, No 2 (2021): August 2021
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2021.1013

Abstract

Diffusion approximation is an important approximation used to model a nuclear reactor core with a quite good accuracy and less computational cost. This approximation has been used widely around the globe for various kinds of nuclear reactors. This diffusion approximation is applied in a two-step method, a method combining a high fidelity transport code and low fidelity diffusion code. Meanwhile, innovations in the nuclear core model continue to make the nuclear reactor core safer, more robust, and smaller. The trend of creating smaller and more modular reactor core is emerging in the last ten years. These innovations will affect the core modeling system. Consequently, for smaller reactors, it is important to evaluate the capability of diffusion approximation if one wants to use a computationally cheaper method to model the reactor core. In this paper, neutron diffusion calculation for 160 MWth integral pressurized water reactor (IPWR) core was conducted using the PARCS nodal diffusion code employing the few-group spatially homogenized cross-sections generated by the Serpent Monte Carlo code. Due to its capability to model any reactor geometry in the high-resolution calculation, the results from Serpent were also used as a reference. Two important parameters are compared between PARCS and Serpent: effective neutron multiplication factor and core power distribution. For the full IPWR core model, a discrepancy of 564 pcm between PARCS and Serpent keff was observed, while the radial power distribution had a maximum error of 4.71 %. It can be said, to some extent, that the diffusion approximation can be applied to IPWR core analysis. However, further improvement is indeed required if one wants more accurate results with low computational costs.
Acknowledgement Atom Indonesia Vol 47 No 2 ack472 ack472
Atom Indonesia Vol 47, No 2 (2021): August 2021
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2021.1177

Abstract

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