IPTEK The Journal of Engineering
IPTEK The Journal of Engineering (E-ISSN: 2337-8557) is an academic journal on the issued related to engineering and technology. IPTEK The Journal of Engineering published first time in August 2014. From 2014-2018 (Volume 1-4) IPTEK The Journal of Engineering publish three issues (numbers) annually (April, August, and December). Since 2019 published annually in April and August. It is open to all scientist, researchers, education practitioners, and other scholars. Therefore this journal welcomes various topics in different engineering disciplines. Our target is to reach all universities, research centers and institutes in the globe. Call for Papers IPTEK The Journal of Engineering is an open-access journal, which means that visitors all over the world could read, download, cite, and distribute papers published in this journal for free. We adopt a peer-review model, which insured fast publishing and convenient submission. In addition to peer-reviewed original research papers, the Editorial Board welcomes original research reports, state-of-the-art reviews and communications in the broadly defined field of engineering science and technology. Theses, dissertations, research papers, and reviews are all acceptable for publication. All topics should relevant to the issues faced by industries, governments, and communities. The broad-based topics may be covered by the following knowledge areas: Computer Engineering and Information Systems (Telematics, Algorithms and Programming, Network Based Computing, Smart Computing and Vision, Intelligent Information Management, Computer Architecture and Networking, Applied Modeling and Computing, Graphics Interaction and Games, Software engineering, Information Technology Infrastructure and Security, Information Systems Management, Data Engineering and Business Intelligence, Data Acquisition and Information Dissemination, Enterprise System, and Smart Cities and Cyber Security) Civil Infrastructure Engineering (Hydrotechnics and Surveying, Construction Implementation Management, Building Materials and Structures, and Transportation and Geotechnics) Mechanical Engineering (Energy Convertion, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Mechanical Design, and Manufacture) Electrical Engineering Automation (Cyber Physical, Automation, and Industrial Robots, Programmable Logic Controller and Control System, Antennas and Propagation, Instrumentation, Measurement and Power System Identification, Multimedia Telecommunications Network, Multimedia Communication, Electric Energy Conversion, Electric Power System Simulation, High voltage, System and Cybernetics, Microelectronics and Embedded Systems, Biocybernetics, Instrumentation and Biomedical Signal Processing, Multimedia Computing and Machine Intelligence, and Digital Signal Processing) Chemical Engineering (Applied Chemistry, Biochemical and Bioprocess, Advance Functional Materials and Analysis, Thermodynamic, Chemical Reaction, Material and Nanocomposite, Bioenergy, Wastewater Treatment, Process Integration, Fluid Mechanic, and Sustainable Industrial Systems) Instrumentation Engineering (Control Instrumentation, Measurement Instrumentation, Photonic Engineering, Vibration and Acoustics, and Embedded Systems and Physical Cyber) Business Statistics (Business Analytic, and Quality and Productivity Engineering) And physical, chemical, biological, and environmental sciences that are directly related to engineering.
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<![CDATA[The Application of Electrocoagulation to Treat Meatball Wastewater with Aluminium Electrode ]]>
<![CDATA[Soeprijanto Soeprijanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Findi Kusuma Wardani]]>;
<![CDATA[M Yosi Kurniawan]]>
<![CDATA[ IPTEK The Journal of Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ]]>
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DOI: 10.12962/j23378557.v7i2.a10026
<![CDATA[The meatball factory in the Keputih, Surabaya produce meatball liquid waste with a COD value of 11,072 mg/L so it requires special treatment before being discharged into the environment. This research was conducted to treat that meatball liquid waste by electrocoagulation method using aluminum electrodes. The variables were arranged using completely randomized design at pH variations of 5.5 and 9, residence time of 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes, number of plates of 4 and 8, and current density of 312.5; 375; 156.25; 187.5 A/m2 in batches then will be analyzed for COD, TDS and Turbidity. This research has obtained results that optimal time for electrocoagulation varies from 15-45 minutes then current density of 187.5 and 375 A/m2 are slightly better than 156,25 and 312,5 A/m2 then pH 8 had better treatment results than pH 5.5 especially in turbidity then the use of 8 aluminum plates at the same electric current had far more better results than 4 plates. So that the best efficiency in this wastewater treatment is obtained by removal of COD value up to 94.78%, Turbidity up to 98.68% and TDS up to 76.63% at a current density of 187.5 A/m2 and pH 8 for 30 minutes.]]>
<![CDATA[Estimation of the Catastrophic Risk using Mixture Models ]]>
<![CDATA[Zakiatul Wildani]]>
<![CDATA[ IPTEK The Journal of Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ]]>
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DOI: 10.12962/j23378557.v7i2.a9869
<![CDATA[Indonesia is one of the countries in the world that is susceptible to various types of natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, etc. These events do not occur very often, however, they cause massive financial loss. This risk of loss is termed as a catastrophic risk where it not only affects the individual but also the government and at the same time posing a threat to insurance companies if they do not have sufficient resources to make a payment of claims. However, due to the complexity and uncertainty of natural hazards, measuring this risk is quite challenging. This paper proposes an estimation method of the catastrophic risk based on Value-at-Risk (VaR) of total loss from natural disasters in Indonesia. A key issue for estimating VaR is to fit an appropriate distribution. Extreme value distribution, such as Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) has been used to assess the tail behavior of extreme loss. However, this distribution does not give any information about the central behavior that may affect the estimation of the model parameter in GPD. Therefore, this paper utilized mixture models that combine the parametric form of loss distributions such as gamma, Weibull, and lognormal distribution with GPD. The result shows that VaR estimations are quite different under different mixture models and confidence levels. In addition, the lognormal-GPD model is selected as the best model that fits data best with the highest value of Log-likelihood]]>
<![CDATA[Utilization of HVS Paper Waste for The Manufacture of Oxalic Acid ]]>
<![CDATA[Agung Subyakto]]>;
<![CDATA[Fiqrotul Wasiyah]]>;
<![CDATA[Linaniyyatul - Masruroh]]>
<![CDATA[ IPTEK The Journal of Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ]]>
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DOI: 10.12962/j23378557.v7i2.a10067
<![CDATA[The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of time and temperature on the manufacture of oxalic acid from HVS paper waste by removing ink and alkali melting methods The research methodology began with the first stage, namely pre-treatment and then paper hydrolysis, weighing 600 grams of HVS paper waste. The HVS paper waste was put into a three-neck flask and 200 mL of 40% NaOH was added. The tools are assembled and set the time and temperature used. The time used is 60 minutes at a temperature of 55°C, 65°C, 75°C and 95°C, then a three-neck flask is heated. After heating is complete the solution is cooled. The filtrate was filtered into a 500 mL beaker glass then the remaining sediment was washed with hot aquadest into a beaker containing up to 400 mL of filtrate. The procedure was repeated for variations in time of 70, 80 and 90 minutes at temperatures of 55°C, 65°C, 75°C and 95°C, respectively. The second stage is crystallization of oxalic acid, pipette of the filtrate as much as 25 mL obtained from the hydrolysis results then added 10% CaCl2 to form a white precipitate of calcium oxalate. The precipitate was filtered then added 100 mL of H2SO4 4N so that the precipitate would break down into oxalic acid and calcium sulfate, then filtered and washed the remaining sediment using 96% ethanol. The filtrate is heated to a temperature of 70°C. The filtrate is cooled in ice water for about 24 hours to form oxalic acid crystals in the form of white needle crystals. The third stage is the calculation of the weight of oxalic acid (gr). The fourth stage is testing for oxalic acid using permanganate titration. Oxalic acid crystals were weighed as much as 0.3 grams then added 10 mL of distilled water and put into 250 mL Erlenmeyer, added 10 mL of H2SO4 4N. The solution is heated to a temperature of 60-70°C. In a hot state, the solution is titrated with 0.1 N potassium permanganate until the solution appears a pink color that does not disappear for 30 seconds. The fifth stage is the calculation of the yield (yield) of oxalic acid. The sixth stage is the melting test. The time and temperature in producing oxalic acid from the graph can be seen that the average temperature that produces the most oxalic acid is at 80 minutes and 65°C, which is 3.9 grams. The analysis results show that the melting point obtained is between 100-101 ° C. This happens because the oxalic acid in the research indicates that the oxalic acid corresponds to the actual melting point of oxalic acid based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), namely 101-102°C.]]>
<![CDATA[Bioethanol Production from Wastewater of Brown Sugar Home Industry in Kediri via Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation ]]>
<![CDATA[Soeprijanto Soeprijanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Afan Hamzah]]>;
<![CDATA[Nabila Fara Anindya]]>;
<![CDATA[Putri Selly Mudyawati]]>
<![CDATA[ IPTEK The Journal of Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ]]>
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DOI: 10.12962/j23378557.v7i2.a10528
<![CDATA[Bioethanol is ethanol whose main ingredients are from plants and generally use a pharmaceutical process. Therefore, Indonesia still needs a more effective source of bioethanol as fuel. Bioethanol production from vegetable waste is a realistic solution, one example is waste from the brown sugar home industry. The purpose of this research is to innovate the production of bioethanol by utilizing sap sugarcane waste in a brown sugar industry home using the Enzyme Hydrolysis and Fermentation Method. The process of making bioethanol is the raw material preparation stage, the hydrolysis stage, and the fermentation stage. The first stage, the preparation of raw materials is done by filtering the molasses waste and then dissolving it with distilled water in 2000 mL Erlenmeyer. the second stage, the hydrolysis stage, is to hydrolyze the molasses solution according to the predetermined ratio variables, by going through two stages in the hydrolysis stage, namely liquefaction and saccharification. In the liquefaction process, -amylase is added at a temperature of 90oC and heated on a hot plate stirrer for 2 hours. Then the saccharification stage was carried out by adding the enzyme gluco-amylase at a temperature of 65oC for 4 hours. The third stage, the fermentation stage, was carried out with variations of bread and yeast tape with the additional variables of 5%, 10%, and 15% nutrient (2% urea and 3%). Fermentation will be carried out for 3 days. The results showed that the maximum sugar content was achieved by using a concentration ratio of sugarcane juice: water = 1:0 with an enzyme hydrolysis process of 196.08 g/L. The maximum bioethanol content after fermentation was 18.6% and reducing sugar of 10.98 g/L was achieved by using 10% baker's yeast at a concentration of sugar cane juice: water ratio = 1:1. The maximum bioethanol content after the fermentation process was 12.96% and the reducing sugar was 27.78 g/L was achieved using 10% tape yeast at a concentration ratio of sugarcane juice: water = 1:1.]]>
<![CDATA[Planning and Cost Analysis of Washing Porang Subber on Combination Machine for Washing and Cutting Porang Tuber ]]>
<![CDATA[Liza Rusdiyana]]>;
<![CDATA[Nanda Ela Sasmita]]>;
<![CDATA[Nur Husodo]]>;
<![CDATA[Eddy Widiyono]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Lukman Hakim]]>;
<![CDATA[Rizaldy Hakim]]>
<![CDATA[ IPTEK The Journal of Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ]]>
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DOI: 10.12962/j23378557.v7i2.a11273
<![CDATA[The cleaning process plays an important role in producing hygienic porang tubers, so that later chips and porang flour have good quality. Currently, the home industry for processing porang tubers still uses a simple method, namely using a manual washing machine so that it requires a lot of energy and a long time. One alternative to increase efficiency and productivity is to make a porang tuber washing machine.In planning this machine, it begins with field studies and literature. Planning in designing this machine includes planning for motor power, shaft, bearing, pulley-belt, sprocket-chain and budget design, after calculating and getting results it is necessary to conduct experiments to get conclusions from this machine.In planning the calculation of the machine, it requires a motor power of 2.2 HP with a motor rotation of 1400 rpm and a shaft rotation of 35 rpm, a force of 25.6 N, a torque of 1.920 N.mm, the selling price of the tool is Rp. 15,970,000 and the payback period is achieved in 228.4 days or 28.5 weeks or 7.1 months]]>
<![CDATA[Biogas Production from Water Spinach and Banana Peel Waste Using Plug Flow Reactor ]]>
<![CDATA[Soeprijanto Soeprijanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Alif Adi Kaisar]]>;
<![CDATA[Dyah Firdha Amalia]]>
<![CDATA[ IPTEK The Journal of Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ]]>
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DOI: 10.12962/j23378557.v7i2.a9928
<![CDATA[Biofuel is one of the promising energy in the future that can play an essential role in maintaining energy security in Indonesia Biogas, which is only one of many types of biofuels is considered a renewable energy source that does not contribute to the impact of greenhouse gases. The main composition of the gas consists mainly of methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2) and resembles commonly used fossil fuels such as natural gas. This study aimed to determine the method of making biogas using water spinach and banana peel waste. The process of making biogas begins with preparing the materials to be fed to the bioreactor daily. The prepared material is put into the bioreactor continuously every 24 hours. The results obtained are the C/N content of water spinach 10 while the banana peel is 42. The C/N ratio affects biogas production. The maximum production of biogas accumulation is in water spinach as raw material. On water spinach, the yield was 287.825 l/kg substrate and the average volume per day was 17.989 l/kg substrate. The banana peel yields 46,184 l/kg of the substrate and the average volume per day is 2,887 l/kg of the substrate. Based on the flame test conducted at the beginning of the week the gas produced can be burned, this occurs in all raw materials.]]>
<![CDATA[Design of Bacterial Foraging Interval Fuzzy Logic Controller on Hybrid Solar Tracker-Ocean Wave Energy Converter ]]>
<![CDATA[Dwi Nur Fitriyanah]]>;
<![CDATA[Imam Abadi]]>
<![CDATA[ IPTEK The Journal of Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ]]>
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DOI: 10.12962/j23378557.v7i2.a9250
<![CDATA[The location of Indonesia which, is crossed by the equator, makes it rich in sunlight. Photovoltaic (PV) can convert solar energy into electrical energy. The Solar Tracker system can maximize the absorption of solar energy that enters the PV. The condition of the Indonesian archipelago also has the potential for ocean wave energy. The Hydrostatic transmission-based Wave Energy Converter system can convert ocean wave energy into electrical energy. This research combines two energies, namely solar energy and ocean waves. The importance of combining these two renewable energies is due to the non-continuous nature of solar energy, therefore combined with the ocean wave energy to maximize the energy produced. A type-2 fuzzy logic control system based on Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) is applied to each converter, summing each converter that has been optimizing. Optimize error and delta error on the solar tracker system and fuzzy logic waveform-based sea-wave type-2 system. The fuzzy boundaries are then optimized using the BFO optimization method. Fuzzy type-2 based on BFO in solar tracking system can increase energy by 67.9% with the best performance at FOU ±0.1. BFO-based type-2 fuzzy control can stabilize the output of the ocean wave conversion system and produce average energy of 34.48 Wh. This research can increase the energy in the system after being optimized using BFO by 19.3%.]]>
<![CDATA[Agent-Based Simulation for Evaluating the Effect of Different Walking and Driving Speed on Disaster Evacuation in Aceh ]]>
<![CDATA[Sinung Widiyanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Dimas Adi]]>;
<![CDATA[Nadhila Nurdin]]>;
<![CDATA[Fadila Fadila]]>
<![CDATA[ IPTEK The Journal of Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ]]>
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DOI: 10.12962/j23378557.v7i2.a9255
<![CDATA[Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation (ABMS) was implemented to build and develop an evacuation simulation model. In this research, ABMS is simulated in several evacuation scenarios with an output: the evacuation rate of two different decision choice evacuation modes (walking or driving to the evacuation points). The result of this tsunami evacuation simulation shows that the decision choices on the evacuation mode are highly correlated to the evacuation rate. Observed in the simulation that there is a typical choice that leads to the higher evacuation rate, the choice is by maximizing the pedestrian agents on the population distribution.]]>
<![CDATA[Design of Fault Tolerant Control on Wind Turbine Speed Control Based on Bias Fault Estimation Method with Optimization l_0 Norm Constraint ]]>
<![CDATA[Putri Yeni Aisyah]]>;
<![CDATA[Katherin Indriawati]]>
<![CDATA[ IPTEK The Journal of Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ]]>
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DOI: 10.12962/j23378557.v7i2.a9033
<![CDATA[The availability of onshore wind power plant systems (PLTB) reaches 98%, but the maintenance costs required are still very high for the wind turbine generator system. Meanwhile, the availability of offshore PLTB is decreased by 60% due to the main cause of damage to some components in wind turbine systems. This study proposes the use of fault estimation methods of wind turbine system components in fault tolerant control (FTC) strategy. The error estimation method is build using the ℓ0 norm constraint optimization. The optimization formulation with ℓ0 norm constraint is derived by applying the compressed sensing technique so that the estimation of the bias error can be used to estimate the error of several components by a single observer. This answers the observability issues encountered in single observer use cases. The proposed implementation of observers with the FTC results in better response characteristics when compared to systems without FTC. Response characteristics on actuator errors of 0.3 – 1.3pu, system with observers resulting in a maximum undershoot value of 0.4-1% while systems without observers resulting in a maximum undershoot value of 6.2-26.4%. The characteristics of the response with the observer on sensor errors resulting 0.3-1.3pu resulting in value of 1.6-4%, 0% and 63.9- 70.7s. System without observers, with sensor errors of 0.3-1.3pu resulting in maximum undershoot, steady state error and settling time of 6.2-26.2%, 6.2-26.4%, and 0s]]>
