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Medula
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Core Subject : Health, Science, Education,
Education Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health
Medical Profession Journal of Lampung didirkan pada tahun 2013. Medula hadir memenuhi kebutuhan publikasi jurnal bagi mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran, Dosen ataupun klinisi dan profesi lain dibidang kedokteran. Medula diterbitkan dengan frekuensi 4 kali dalam setahun yang tiap nomornya mencakup 30 jenis artikel ilmiah seperti artikel penelitian, laporan kasus, tinjauan pustaka dan lain-lain. Medula sudah memiliki nomor ISSN media cetak sejak tahun 2013
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 37 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)" : 37 Documents clear
Labyrinthitis: Comprehensive Literature Review Of Inner Part Ear Infection Rafi Gutra Aslam; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging; Rani Himayani
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.684

Abstract

Labyrinthitis (Internal otitis) is an inflammation process of the ear labyrinth located in the inner part of the ear. Labyrinthitis has distinctive symptoms that combine from hearing ability and balance disturbance that cause  sensorineural type deafness and vertigo. This paper uses the literature review method as a  chosen method that chooses from bibliographic that last 15 years ago to discuss comprehensively about labyrinthitis. Labyrinthitis  is a condition that generally happens in elder age because the disturbance of the vestibulocochlear system  that has similarity with other health problem such as Ménière disease, patient history and advance examination comprehensively needed to rule out labyrinthitis with another health related to balance and hearing  problem. Labyrinthitis prognosis is bonam if treatment occurs as soon as possible and there is no expansion found into another region adjacent to the ear structure that potentially cause severe complication. Despite of severe complication is rare in post-antibiotic era, complication  could still happen in few patient and become life threatening problem because of it’s site adjacent with brain anatomy structure, therefore treatment could  be given to the patient with this condition. Further research need to discuss about another therapy option that available to treat the Labyrinthitis from every classification such as viral, bacteria, autoimmune, immunodeficiency, ossificant, and even the recent one associated with COVID-19 pandemic.
Management of pterygium surgery: Limbal Conjunctival Autograft and Subconjunctival Amniotic Membrane Graft Reisyah Syahfira; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging; Rani Himayani
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.751

Abstract

Pterygium is one of the common ocular surface disorders. From two Greek words, the word "pterygium" has been derived: “pteryx” meaning wing and “pterygion” meaning fin. Usually, pterygium is asymptomatic apart from its appearance. Meanwhile, no special examination is needed to diagnose it, only a physical examination is needed using a slit lamp to diagnose this condition. A slit lamp for observing the eye using magnification and bright lighting. Medical treatment in modern times includes lubrication with artificial tear drops or decongestants to provide short-term comfort and a slight improvement in cosmetics. Topical NSAIDs, eye drop loteprednol, brings added comfort. Vasoconstrictive agents minimize redness and enhance the appearance and add antihistamines to the decongestant drops to help prevent the effect of histamine associated edema and itching. However, surgical treatment remains the preferred option. In patients with pterygium, the reasons for surgery are decreased vision due to visual axis encroachment, chronic pain, persistent inflammation, abnormal astigmatism, restrictive ocular motility, and cosmesis. Many surgical techniques have been used since past to present, though none is universally accepted because of variable recurrence rates. Some examples of surgery, namely the avulsion technique, Simple excision technique, The Bare Sclera Technique, Conjunctival Autograft, and Limbal Conjunctival Autotransplant (LCAT). However, combined between limbal conjunctival autograft with the adjunctive use of a prophylactic subconjunctival graft of the amniotic membrane can decrease the recurrence rate after surgery in an ethnically diverse population with a statistically higher risk for recurrence.
Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana Trikiasis Keziah Tirtawijaya; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging; Rani Himayani
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.674

Abstract

Trichiasis is a condition in which the eyelashes are in the wrong position, facing back and rubbing against the cornea or conjunctiva. In trichiasis the eyelash follicles are normal, but the direction of their growth is abnormal. Some of the eyelashes or all of the eyelashes at the eyelid margin may be involved. Trichiasis can be classified into major and minor. Trichiasis is an acquired condition, not a congenital condition. Trichiasis affects the lower eyelids, but in certain cases, such as chemical burns of both eyelids and trachoma, the upper eyelids are more affected. The cause of trichiasis is often idiopathic, but chronic eyelid inflammation or an infection such as trachoma, herpes simplex or zoster, can be the cause. Trichiasis often occurs with other diseases such as trachoma, cicatricial pemphigoid, and other eyelid trauma. Trichiasis is complicated by corneal erosion and corneal ulcers. Trichiasis can cause eye irritation. Treatment of trichiasis is divided into operative and non-operative management. Treatment of trichiasis depends on the number of eyelashes involved. Treatment of trichiasis can be in the form of using contact lenses, removing eyelashes, or surgery. This paper uses the article review method using sources such as journals and books. The purpose of this writing is to know the definition, diagnosis, and management of trichiasis. The diagnosis of trichiasis can be established by anamnesis and physical examination. The management of trichiasis depends on the symptoms in the anamnesis and physical examination.
Hubungan Glaukoma dengan Hipertensi Muhammad Arsy Kamal Faadhil; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging; Rani Himayani
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.675

Abstract

Glaucoma is a group of progressive optic neuropathy characterized by degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and resulting changes in the optic nerve head. Glaucoma can be classified into 2 broad categories: open-angle glaucoma and angle-closure glaucoma. In patients with open-angle glaucoma, there is increased resistance to aqueous outflow through the trabecular meshwork. Conversely, access to drainage pathways is usually obstructed in patients with angle-closure glaucoma. Intraocular pressure can cause mechanical stress and strain on the posterior structures of the eye, especially the lamina cribrosa and the surrounding tissues.Acute open angle glaucomacan manifest itself with pain radiating from the eye, visual disturbances, conjunctival hyperemia, and occasionally nausea and vomiting with a tense, rock-hard globe. This is an ophthalmological emergency that requires immediate treatment to prevent severe eye damage and blindness. In contrast, open-angle glaucoma is usually asymptomatic until it reaches an advanced stage. If there are visual field defects, they are usually not located in the same part of the fields of the two eyes and are therefore well compensated for by binocular vision. Thus, people with open-angle glaucoma generally report no symptoms and many are completely unaware that they have the condition.Several epidemiological studies have reported that an increase in systemic blood pressure is associated with a small increase in intraocular pressure. Individuals with hypertension have a risk of about 1.2 times higher for developing open-angle glaucoma than individuals without hypertension followed by other risk factors, namely age over 40 years, and use of antihypertensive drugs. Patients over 40 years of age, especially those with a history of hypertension, are advised to undergo an eye examination.
Buta Senja: Hubungannya Dengan Asupan Vitamin A di Indonesia Evan Christian Christian; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging; Rani Himayani
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.679

Abstract

Night blindness is a disorder of the eyes where the eyes cannot function properly in low light or inadequate lighting conditions. This occurs due to dysfunction of the rod cells present in the retina of the eye. Rod cells play a crucial role in vision and are closely related to the availability of vitamin A in the body. Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient for the body and plays an active role in a person’s vision. Vitamin A works in conjunction with rhodopsin in the mechanism of vision. Vitamin A can produce rhodopsin and regulate vision mechanisms through several mechanisms, one of which is the conversion of the cis chain to trans. Vitamin A deficiency can disrupt a person’s vision. Research shows that there are still many children in the world and in Indoneisa who suffer from vitamin A deficiency. The WHO estimates that around 190 million children worldwide suffer from vitamin A deficiency. Studies in Central Java shows that Indonesia still experiences vitamin A deficiency, with about 60% of children having serum retinol levels below normal. Low serum retinol is indicator of a person’s vitamin A deficiency, The use of vitamin A supplements is important in preventing night blindness. Research shows that the use of additional vitamin A supplements can be done since infancy, by providing supplements to newly delivering mothers, so that the vitamin A supplements consumed by the mother can increase the retinol level in the colostrum of mother’s milk that will be consumed by the child.
Gambaran Umum dan Tata Laksana Kalazion Lintang Lestari Cahya Sawitri; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging; Rani Himayani
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.687

Abstract

Chalazion is the most common local inflammatory condition, accounting for 13.4% of all benign eyelid lesions, caused by obstruction of the meibomian glands in the upper or lower lid, either unilaterally or bilaterally. Chalazion is a chronic granulomatous inflammatory condition of the Meibomian glands which are responsible for producing meibum which can reduce tear evaporation and facilitate lubrication of the ocular surface. This situation is often associated with acne rosacea, atopy, seborrheic, and chronic blepharitis. The lesions are inflammatory nodules that form when the products of lipid breakdown enter the surrounding tissue and trigger a granulomatous inflammatory reaction. The nodule is not more than 1 cm in size, not hyperemic, not painful when pressed, not fluctuate, and pseudoptosis. Single hard textured nodule located deep in the upper or lower lid or tarsal. Management can be done through a conservative approach, antibiotics, and surgery. Conservative medical treatments include warm compresses, eyelid massage, eyelid scrubs, and eyelid cleansing with baby shampoo. Antibiotics are generally not indicated, unless the condition is associated with severe blepharitis or blepharitis due to rosacea. Persistent lesions require surgical intervention. Smaller lesions are treated by surgical curettage and dissection. Larger lesions require more extensive excision. Good sleeping habits, regular exercise, and fresh air are essential to promote healthy skin and Meibomian glands.
ARTICLE REVIEW: KLASIFIKASI DAN TATALAKSANA RETINOPATI PREMATURITAS Cholyviona W.S Handhayani; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging; Rani Himayani
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.689

Abstract

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a condition or illnesses of the retina that frequently affects infants. Retinopathy of Prematurity is an abnormal development of blood vessels in the eye which typically affects infants born prematurely. Premature Retinopathy is a condition that affects many nations on a global scale, with an expected incidence of over 45 cases for every 100,000 pregnancies. According to the International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ICROP), there are five stages of the disease based on the severity and three zones of retinal development based on where they form. The retina is the innermost layer of the eyeball that receives light and transmits it to the brain, allowing us to see distinctly. Disturbances in the retina can produce visual disturbances. As a result, any visual disturbances must be treated promptly and precisely. Cryotherapy, laser photocoagulation, anti-VEGF drugs, and vitrectomy healing measures at an advanced level are treatments that can be used in instances of Premature Retinopathy in premature babies. This writing employs the article review technique, with sources sourced from journals and books. This writing seeks to discover the definition, classification, and treatment of Premature Retinopathy, with the hope of improving standards and quality of care for Premature Retinopathy.
Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana Mata Kering Faiq Razaan Razaan; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging; Rani Himayani
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.690

Abstract

Dry eye disease is a multifactorial disease of the tears and the surface of the eye that gives rise to unsafe indications, visual problems, and tear film instability with the potential to damage the eye surface. This condition can be followed by an increase in tear film osmolarity and inflammation of the ocular surface. This dry eye can occur due to reduced aqueous humor fluid produced by the ciliary body or increased production of tear evaporation that occurs due to disruption of the function of the meibomian glands. Based on these triggers, dry eyes can be classified into two categories: dry eyes due to aqueous deficiency (MKDA) and evaporative dry eyes (MKE). The diagnosis of dry eye order of examination of dry eyes include a patient history using a questionnaire, tear film break-up time with fluorescein, eye surface staining using fluorescein or lissamine green, Schirmer I test with or without anesthesia, Schirmer II test with nasal stimulation, and eyelid examination. and meibomian glands. Treatment of dry eye disease can be pharmacological or non-pharmacological. The management of dry eye disease depends on the severity of the disease, An example of a drug for the management of dry eye disease is cendo lyters.  Non-pharmacological treatment for preventing dry eye disease is avoiding its causes, such as vehicle fumes, limiting using gadget, and also being able to use sunglasses if there are indications of red and dry eyes. This paper uses the article review method by using sources such as journals. The purpose of this writing is to know the definition, diagnosis, and management of dry eye. The results of this paper found that the diagnosis of dry eyes can be established by history and physical examination. The conclusion obtained is that the management of dry eyes depends on the symptoms found in the history and physical examination.
Tinjauan Pustaka : Keratokonus Ardian Reza Putra; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging; Rani Himayani
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.691

Abstract

sexes and all ethnicities. The estimated prevalence in the general population is 54 per 100,000. Ocular signs and symptoms vary depending on the severity of the disease. The initial shape is usually unknown unless closure topography is performed. Disease progression is manifested by a loss of visual acuity that cannot be compensated for by spectacles. Edge thinning often sucks ectasia. In moderate and more severe cases, a hemosiderin arc or circular line, known as a Fleischer ring, is often seen around the base of the needle. Vogt's striae, which are fine vertical lines produced by compression of Descemet's membrane, are another characteristic. Most patients eventually develop scar tissue. Munson's sign, V-shaped deformation of the lower eyelid in the downward position; Rizzuti's sign, bright reflection of the nasal limbal region when light is directed to the temporal limbal region; and damage to Descemet's membrane leading to acute stromal edema, known as hydrops, is observed in advanced stages. . Genetic, biomechanical, and biochemical theories about the causes of keratoconus have been put forward. Treatment varies depending on the severity of the disease. This article provides a review of the definition, epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis of keratoconus.
Article Review: Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana Rhinitis Medikamentosa Rahmi Zuraida; Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging; Rani Himayani
Medula Vol 13 No 4.1 (2023): Medula - Edisi Spesial (Special Sense)
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v13i4.1.692

Abstract

Rhinitis medicamentosa (RM) is a condition caused by overuse of nasal decongestants. This can be seen when patients use topical decongestants for more than 5 consecutive days and are accompanied by symptoms of persistent nasal congestion and secretions. The term rhinitis medicamentosa is also called rebound or chemical rhinitis. In addition, rhinitis medicamentosa is also a term for nasal congestion after using drugs other than topical decongestants. These drugs are antihypertensives, antipsychotics, PDE5 inhibitors, analgesics, hormones, and miscellaneous. However, there are differences in the mechanism through which congestion is caused by topical nasal decongestants and oral medications. Very few prospective rhinitis medicamentosa studies have been conducted and most of the knowledge about the condition comes from case reports and histological studies. Histologic changes consistent with rhinitis medicamentosa include nasociliary loss, squamous cell metaplasia, epithelial edema, epithelial cell denudation, goblet cell hyperplasia, increased epidermal growth factor receptor expression, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Because the cumulative dose of nasal decongestants or the length of time needed to start rhinitis medicamentosa has not been definitively determined, these medications should only be used for the shortest period needed. Validated criteria need to be developed and further tests also need to be carried out to establish a better diagnosis. Stopping nasal decongestant use is the first line of treatment for rhinitis medicamentosa. If necessary, intranasal glucocorticosteroids should be used to speed recovery.

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