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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 1411982X     EISSN : 23548509     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
The journal publishes primary research articles from any source if they make a significant original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding of some aspect of agricultural science in Indonesia. The definition of agricultural science is kept as wide as possible to allow the broadest coverage in the journal. Accredited base on Director Decree of Indonesian Institute of Science No. 816/D/2009 with acreditation No. 172/AU1/P2MBI/08/2009. IJAS is newly accredited by the Indonesian Institute of Science in 2012 (No. 473/AU2/P2MI-LIPI/08/2012) for period of 2012-2015.
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Articles 10 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 6, No 2 (2005): October 2005" : 10 Documents clear
THE STEM BORER INFESTATION ON RICE CULTIVARS AT THREE PLANTING TIMES Suharto, Hendarsih; Usyati, N.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 6, No 2 (2005): October 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Stem borer is the second important rice pest after rats in Indonesia. A field trial was conducted in Karawang, West Java in dry season of 2003 to study the effect of planting time on the stem borer infestation on seven rice cultivars. The rice cultivars tested were Fatmawati (new plant type cultivar), Gilirang (semi-new plant type cultivar), Maro and Intani 3 (hybrid rice cultivars), and IR72, Cilosari and IR62 (inbreed rice cultivars). The three planting times (PT) were: (1) the early PT, 14 days before farmer’s PT, (2) the common PT, simultaneously with farmer’s PT, and (3) the late PT, 14 days after farmer’s PT. The trial was arranged in a split plot design with four replications. Planting time is the main plot and rice cultivar is the subplot. Fourteen-day old rice seedlings were transplanted at 25 cm x 25 cm planting distance in a 5 m x 6 m plot size. Species and fluctuation of rice stem borer were determined by using water traps containing four synthetic sex pheromone lures of rice stem borer species as attractant.Results showed that the dominant species of stem borer was yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Wlk.). Degree of stem borer infestation depended upon the planting time. Stem borer infestation at the first planting time was higher (average 37.90%) compared to those found at the second and third planting time, i.e. 0.65% and 0.54%, respectively. Rice yields of Fatmawati, Gilirang, Maro, Intani-3, and Cilosari cultivarscorrelated with the degree of stem borer infestation, but did not correlate with planting time. Cilosari cultivar showed the most tolerant under heavily stem borer infestation. The present study implies that adjustment of planting time is the most feasible effort to reduce stem borer infestation because none of the seven rice cultivars tested were able to minimize  damage under heavily infestation of yellow stem borer.
FORAGE PRODUCTION OF SOME LESSER-KNOWN LEUCAENA SPECIES GROWN ON ACID SOIL Purwantari, Nurhayati D.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 6, No 2 (2005): October 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Leucaena leucocephala leaves are nutritious and palatable for ruminants. However, the plant is poorly adapted on acid soil, water logged, and susceptible to psyllid (Heteropsylla cubana). Leucaena favours soils with pH >5. It performs best on calcareous soils. This study aimed to evaluate adaptability of several Leucaena species on acid soils. The study was conducted at the experimental field in Ciawi, Bogor, altitude 500 m abovesea level, rainfall 1500-2000 mm year-1, on Latosol soil with pH 5.2. Leucaena species evaluated were L. leucocephala K28, L. leucocephala (local type), Leucaena KX2 hybrid, L. collinsii, L. trichandra, and L. diversifolia. Experiment was designed in a randomized complete block, four replications. All the seedlings were grown in the nursery for 2.5 months before being transplanted to the field. The plants were grown in row plots of 5 m x 1 m with planting distance 0.5 m and spacing between row plot was 3 m. One unit replicate was 5 m x 21 m. In wet season, the plants were pruned at 50 cm height every 3 months, whilst in dry season pruning was done every 5 months. Parameter measured were plant regrowth and forage production (edible part and non-edible part of the plant), as well as N and P content of the edible part. The result showed that Leucaena KX2 hybrid was superior to other leucaenas. Regrowthof KX2 hybrid was the fastest and produced highest forage. The highest fresh weight forage production for 1 year (four times harvests), i.e. 33.93 t ha-1 year-1 equal to 12.48 t ha- 1 year-1 of dry weight, was obtained  from Leucaena KX2 hybrid, whereas the lowest was produced by L.  diversifolia, i.e. 3.12 t ha-1 year-1 of fresh weight or 1.01 t ha-1 year-1 of dry weight. Production of non-edible part followed the pattern of production of edible part. N and P content in the edible part of all Leucaena species did not show any significant difference except for L. trichandra which contained the lowest. This study implies that Leucaena KX2 hybrid is adaptable to acid soil; therefore it can be grown in wider areas throughout Indonesia.
DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF MITES IN A MANDARIN CITRUS ORCHARD IN WEST SUMATRA ., Affandi; Corpuz-Raros, Leonila A.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 6, No 2 (2005): October 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Some of the most destructive pests in citrus orchards are spider mites.  Monitoring prior applied pest control is a standard procedure for integrated pest management (IPM). The study aimed to survey and determine the distribution, abundance, and diversity of phytophagous, predatory, and detritivorous mites at different stages of development of arboreal plant parts, weeds and litter in the citrus orchard. A periodical sampling surveymethod was conducted on six growth stages of mandarin citrus, weeds and litter of the Indonesian Fruits Research Institute experimental field in Solok, West Sumatra in December 2003 to June 2004. All mites attached on each growth stage of citrus, weeds and litter were trapped and mounted on slide for identification purposes. Identification of the mites was conducted in the Acarology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, University of the Philippines at Los Banos in July-October 2004. The results showed that a very rich mite fauna of 130 species was found in the arboreal parts of citrus crops, weeds and litter below the canopy of the citrus orchard. Among the trophic groups, detritivorous mites were the most abundant, followed by the predators, phytophages, and thoseunknown feeding habit. Among the habitats, weeds harbored the most mite species followed by litter and arboreal parts of the citrus trees. The flush growth stage had the least diverse mite fauna with index diversity (H’) of 1.27, while the most diverse (H’ = 2.01) was found at fruit development phase II. Result of this research was useful in determining proper time for controlling phytophagous mites. Besides, the result alsoprovides important information on potential predatory mites that can be used as biological control agents. Furthermore, the study implies the importance of maintaining cover crops of weeds and litter beneath the citrus trees as refuge and source of alternate prey for predators which suppressed populations of phytophagous mites.
EVALUATION OF FARMERS APPRECIATION IN REDUCING PESTICIDE BY ORGANIC FARMING PRACTICE ., Indraningsih; Sani, Yulvian; Widiastuti, Raphaella
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 6, No 2 (2005): October 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Vegetables and dairy milk are important commodities in Pangalenganand Lembang, West Java. However, agrochemicals areused intensively and excessively in production system. Therefore,pesticide residues and contamination commonly occurredin agricultural products and environments. The study aimed toassess farmers’ attitudes on pesticide toxicity and reducingpesticide residues in animal and food crops products, andinvestigate the attitude changes of farmers on pesticide use. Itwas an on-farm research and farmers were directly involved inthe study. The attitude change was analyzed on questionnaireand interview base for over 99 respondents in Pangalengan andLembang between 2001 and 2003. Samples of soils, weeds,cabbages and milk were collected for pesticide residue analysis.Results showed that farmers did not aware on toxicity effectsof pesticides in both animal and human health. There wasmisinterpretation among the farmers where pesticides wereregarded as drugs rather than toxic compound to increaseproductivity. The organochlorines/OCs (lindane and heptachlor)were common pesticide contaminants found in soils of 7.9-11.4 ppb, but no organophospates (OPs) were detected. BothOCs and OPs were also detected in soils of Lembang at a rangeof 11.53-65.63 ppb and 0.6-2.6 ppb, respectively. There werepesticide residues detected in weeds collected from Pangalengan(8.93 ppb lindane, 2.05 ppb heptachlor, and 33.27 ppbchlorpyriphos methyl/CPM and Lembang (6.45 ppb lindane,2.65 ppb endosulfan, 6.85 ppb diazinon, and 0.5 ppb CPM).Only endosulfan with least residue level (0.1 ppb) was detectedin organic cabbages, whereas lindane was detected much higher(3.7 ppb) in non-organic cabbages. Pesticide residues were notdetected in milk of dairy cattle fed on by-products of organiccabbages, but lindane was still present in milk of dairy cattle fedon non-organic cabbages for 7 days subsequently. The presentstudy indicates that the organic farming practice may reducepesticide residues in animal and agricultural products. Farmersappreciated that pesticides may cause residual effects on theirproducts (95.2%) and affected public health and environment(92.9%). Therefore, they were willing to convert theiragricultural practices to organic farming (69.1%).
BIOLOGY AND INTRINSIC GROWTH RATE OF EARWIG (Euborellia annulata) Nonci, Nurnina
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 6, No 2 (2005): October 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Earwig (Euborellia annulata) is a potential predator of cornborer (Ostrinia furnacalis), one of the most important pests ofcorn. To include the use of predator in integrated pestmanagement (IPM) to control the pest, it is necessary tounderstand the basic information of the predator. This studyaimed to know biology and intrinsic growth rate of the predatorfeed on an artificial media (dog food). Ten pairs of newlyemerging adults of the predator were placed in a small plasticcontainer containing a mixture of soil and sand (1:1 v/v)supplemented with an artificial food. The average temperatureand relative humidity during the study were kept at 27.9-30.3oCand 76.7-92.3%, respectively. The biological aspects of thepredator evaluated were number of eggs laid, hatched, and died,as well as its oviposition period and adult mortality. Theintrinsic growth rate was studied from a group of 200 newly laideggs and results were analyzed based on the method of Birch.The biological aspects study showed that number of eggs laid bya single female of E. annulata was 86-166, which were laid fivetimes in a group of 9-45 eggs. The nymph consists of fiveinstars. Length of nymphs varied ranging from 4 to 13 mmdepends on their instar. The fifth instar nymph period was 4-6days for female and 2-3 days for male. The period of first matingwas shorter; the shortest was 2 minutes and the longest one was70 minutes. Both male and female were able to do mating severaltimes at an interval of several seconds or minutes. Pre-ovipositionperiod was 6-13 days. The eggs were deposited five times, the first,second, third, fourth, and fifth oviposition period were 7-22 days,7-21 days, 7-18 days, 11-18 days, and 11-21 days, respectively.The oviposition period was 32-59 days and postoviposition periodwas 21-51 days. Ratio between male and female was 1.4:1.0. Theaverage natural mortality of E. annulata was 10.5% which meansthat 89.5% of deposited eggs hatched became nymphs. The studyalso revealed that the intrinsic growth rate (r) of the predator was0.0772, net reproductive rate (R0) 80.16, limited growth rate (λ)1.17, nymph stage period 39-46 days, and adult longevity of maleand female were 57-75 and 61-89 days, respectively. The studyimplies that E. annulata is potential to be incorporated in IPMfor controlling corn borer.
DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF MITES IN A MANDARIN CITRUS ORCHARD IN WEST SUMATRA Affandi Affandi; Leonila A. Corpuz-Raros
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 6, No 2 (2005): October 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v6n2.2005.p52-58

Abstract

Some of the most destructive pests in citrus orchards are spider mites. Monitoring prior applied pest control is a standard procedure for integrated pest management (IPM). The study aimed to survey and determine the distribution, abundance, and diversity of phytophagous, predatory, and detritivorous mites at different stages of development of arboreal plant parts, weeds and litter in the citrus orchard. A periodical sampling survey method was conducted on six growth stages of mandarin citrus, weeds and litter of the Indonesian Fruits Research Institute experimental field in Solok, West Sumatra in December 2003 to June 2004. All mites attached on each growth stage of citrus, weeds and litter were trapped and mounted on slide for identification purposes. Identification of the mites was conducted in the Acarology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, University of the Philippines at Los Banos in July-October 2004. The results showed that a very rich mite fauna of 130 species was found in the arboreal parts of citrus crops, weeds and litter below the canopy of the citrus orchard. Among the trophic groups, detritivorous mites were the most abundant, followed by the predators, phytophages, and those unknown feeding habit. Among the habitats, weeds harbored the most mite species followed by litter and arboreal parts of the citrus trees. The flush growth stage had the least diverse mite fauna with index diversity (H’) of 1.27, while the most diverse (H’ = 2.01) was found at fruit development phase II. Result of this research was useful in determining proper time for controlling phytophagous mites. Besides, the result also provides important information on potential predatory mites that can be used as biological control agents. Furthermore, the study implies the importance of maintaining cover crops of weeds and litter beneath the citrus trees as refuge and source of alternate prey for predators which suppressed populations of phytophagous mites.
EVALUATION OF FARMERS APPRECIATION IN REDUCING PESTICIDE BY ORGANIC FARMING PRACTICE Indraningsih Indraningsih; Yulvian Sani; Raphaella Widiastuti
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 6, No 2 (2005): October 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v6n2.2005.p59-68

Abstract

Vegetables and dairy milk are important commodities in Pangalengan and Lembang, West Java. However, agrochemicals are used intensively and excessively in production system. Therefore, pesticide residues and contamination commonly occurred in agricultural products and environments. The study aimed to assess farmers’ attitudes on pesticide toxicity and reducing pesticide residues in animal and food crops products, and investigate the attitude changes of farmers on pesticide use. It was an on-farm research and farmers were directly involved in the study. The attitude change was analyzed on questionnaire and interview base for over 99 respondents in Pangalengan and Lembang between 2001 and 2003. Samples of soils, weeds, cabbages and milk were collected for pesticide residue analysis. Results showed that farmers did not aware on toxicity effects of pesticides in both animal and human health. There was misinterpretation among the farmers where pesticides were regarded as drugs rather than toxic compound to increase productivity. The organochlorines/OCs (lindane and heptachlor) were common pesticide contaminants found in soils of 7.9- 11.4 ppb, but no organophospates (OPs) were detected. Both OCs and OPs were also detected in soils of Lembang at a range of 11.53-65.63 ppb and 0.6-2.6 ppb, respectively. There were pesticide residues detected in weeds collected from Pangalengan (8.93 ppb lindane, 2.05 ppb heptachlor, and 33.27 ppb chlorpyriphos methyl/CPM and Lembang (6.45 ppb lindane, 2.65 ppb endosulfan, 6.85 ppb diazinon, and 0.5 ppb CPM). Only endosulfan with least residue level (0.1 ppb) was detected in organic cabbages, whereas lindane was detected much higher (3.7 ppb) in non-organic cabbages. Pesticide residues were not detected in milk of dairy cattle fed on by-products of organic cabbages, but lindane was still present in milk of dairy cattle fed on non-organic cabbages for 7 days subsequently. The present study indicates that the organic farming practice may reduce pesticide residues in animal and agricultural products. Farmers appreciated that pesticides may cause residual effects on their products (95.2%) and affected public health and environment (92.9%). Therefore, they were willing to convert their agricultural practices to organic farming (69.1%).
BIOLOGY AND INTRINSIC GROWTH RATE OF EARWIG (Euborellia annulata) Nurnina Nonci
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 6, No 2 (2005): October 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v6n2.2005.p69-74

Abstract

Earwig (Euborellia annulata) is a potential predator of corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis), one of the most important pests of corn. To include the use of predator in integrated pest management (IPM) to control the pest, it is necessary to understand the basic information of the predator. This study aimed to know biology and intrinsic growth rate of the predator feed on an artificial media (dog food). Ten pairs of newly emerging adults of the predator were placed in a small plastic container containing a mixture of soil and sand (1:1 v/v) supplemented with an artificial food. The average temperature and relative humidity during the study were kept at 27.9-30.3oC and 76.7-92.3%, respectively. The biological aspects of the predator evaluated were number of eggs laid, hatched, and died, as well as its oviposition period and adult mortality. The intrinsic growth rate was studied from a group of 200 newly laid eggs and results were analyzed based on the method of Birch. The biological aspects study showed that number of eggs laid by a single female of E. annulata was 86-166, which were laid five times in a group of 9-45 eggs. The nymph consists of five instars. Length of nymphs varied ranging from 4 to 13 mm depends on their instar. The fifth instar nymph period was 4-6 days for female and 2-3 days for male. The period of first mating was shorter; the shortest was 2 minutes and the longest one was 70 minutes. Both male and female were able to do mating several times at an interval of several seconds or minutes. Pre-oviposition period was 6-13 days. The eggs were deposited five times, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth oviposition period were 7-22 days, 7-21 days, 7-18 days, 11-18 days, and 11-21 days, respectively. The oviposition period was 32-59 days and postoviposition period was 21-51 days. Ratio between male and female was 1.4:1.0. The average natural mortality of E. annulata was 10.5% which means that 89.5% of deposited eggs hatched became nymphs. The study also revealed that the intrinsic growth rate (r) of the predator was 0.0772, net reproductive rate (R0) 80.16, limited growth rate (λ) 1.17, nymph stage period 39-46 days, and adult longevity of male and female were 57-75 and 61-89 days, respectively. The study implies that E. annulata is potential to be incorporated in IPM for controlling corn borer.
THE STEM BORER INFESTATION ON RICE CULTIVARS AT THREE PLANTING TIMES Hendarsih Suharto; N. Usyati
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 6, No 2 (2005): October 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v6n2.2005.p39-45

Abstract

Stem borer is the second important rice pest after rats in Indonesia. A field trial was conducted in Karawang, West Java in dry season of 2003 to study the effect of planting time on the stem borer infestation on seven rice cultivars. The rice cultivars tested were Fatmawati (new plant type cultivar), Gilirang (semi-new plant type cultivar), Maro and Intani 3 (hybrid rice cultivars), and IR72, Cilosari and IR62 (inbreed rice cultivars). The three planting times (PT) were: (1) the early PT, 14 days before farmer’s PT, (2) the common PT, simultaneously with farmer’s PT, and (3) the late PT, 14 days after farmer’s PT. The trial was arranged in a split plot design with four replications. Planting time is the main plot and rice cultivar is the subplot. Fourteen-day old rice seedlings were transplanted at 25 cm x 25 cm planting distance in a 5 m x 6 m plot size. Species and fluctuation of rice stem borer were determined by using water traps containing four synthetic sex pheromone lures of rice stem borer species as attractant. Results showed that the dominant species of stem borer was yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Wlk.). Degree of stem borer infestation depended upon the planting time. Stem borer infestation at the first planting time was higher (average 37.90%) compared to those found at the second and third planting time, i.e. 0.65% and 0.54%, respectively. Rice yields of Fatmawati, Gilirang, Maro, Intani-3, and Cilosari cultivars correlated with the degree of stem borer infestation, but did not correlate with planting time. Cilosari cultivar showed the most tolerant under heavily stem borer infestation. The present study implies that adjustment of planting time is the most feasible effort to reduce stem borer infestation because none of the seven rice cultivars tested were able to minimize damage under heavily infestation of yellow stem borer.
FORAGE PRODUCTION OF SOME LESSER-KNOWN LEUCAENA SPECIES GROWN ON ACID SOIL Nurhayati D. Purwantari
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 6, No 2 (2005): October 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v6n2.2005.p46-51

Abstract

Leucaena leucocephala leaves are nutritious and palatable for ruminants. However, the plant is poorly adapted on acid soil, water logged, and susceptible to psyllid (Heteropsylla cubana). Leucaena favours soils with pH >5. It performs best on calcareous soils. This study aimed to evaluate adaptability of several Leucaena species on acid soils. The study was conducted at the experimental field in Ciawi, Bogor, altitude 500 m above sea level, rainfall 1500-2000 mm year-1, on Latosol soil with pH 5.2. Leucaena species evaluated were L. leucocephala K28, L. leucocephala (local type), Leucaena KX2 hybrid, L. collinsii, L. trichandra, and L. diversifolia. Experiment was designed in a randomized complete block, four replications. All the seedlings were grown in the nursery for 2.5 months before being transplanted to the field. The plants were grown in row plots of 5 m x 1 m with planting distance 0.5 m and spacing between row plot was 3 m. One unit replicate was 5 m x 21 m. In wet season, the plants were pruned at 50 cm height every 3 months, whilst in dry season pruning was done every 5 months. Parameter measured were plant regrowth and forage production (edible part and non-edible part of the plant), as well as N and P content of the edible part. The result showed that Leucaena KX2 hybrid was superior to other leucaenas. Regrowth of KX2 hybrid was the fastest and produced highest forage. The highest fresh weight forage production for 1 year (four times harvests), i.e. 33.93 t ha-1 year-1 equal to 12.48 t ha- 1 year-1 of dry weight, was obtained from Leucaena KX2 hybrid, whereas the lowest was produced by L. diversifolia, i.e. 3.12 t ha-1 year-1 of fresh weight or 1.01 t ha-1 year-1 of dry weight. Production of non-edible part followed the pattern of production of edible part. N and P content in the edible part of all Leucaena species did not show any significant difference except for L. trichandra which contained the lowest. This study implies that Leucaena KX2 hybrid is adaptable to acid soil; therefore it can be grown in wider areas throughout Indonesia.

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