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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 1411982X     EISSN : 23548509     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
The journal publishes primary research articles from any source if they make a significant original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding of some aspect of agricultural science in Indonesia. The definition of agricultural science is kept as wide as possible to allow the broadest coverage in the journal. Accredited base on Director Decree of Indonesian Institute of Science No. 816/D/2009 with acreditation No. 172/AU1/P2MBI/08/2009. IJAS is newly accredited by the Indonesian Institute of Science in 2012 (No. 473/AU2/P2MI-LIPI/08/2012) for period of 2012-2015.
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Articles 10 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 9, No 1 (2008): April 2008" : 10 Documents clear
IDENTIFICATION OF LEAD AND CADMIUM LEVELS IN WHITE CABBAGE (Brassica rapa L.), SOIL, AND IRRIGATION WATER OF URBAN AGRICULTURAL SITES IN THE PHILIPPINES ., Hardiyanto; De Guzman, Constancio C.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 9, No 1 (2008): April 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Urban agriculture comprises a variety of farming systems,ranging from subsistence to fully commercialized agriculture.Pollution from automobile exhaust, industrial and commercialactivities may affect humans, crops, soil, and water in and aroundurban agriculture areas. The research aimed to investigate thelevel and distribution of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in whitecabbage (Brassica rapa L.), soil, and irrigation water taken fromurban sites. The research was conducted in Las Piñas andParañaque, Metro Manila, Philippines. The field area was dividedinto three sections based on its distance from the main road(0, 25, and 50 m). Irrigation water was taken from canal (LasPiñas) and river (Parañaque). Pb and Cd contents of the extractwere measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Combinedanalysis over locations was used. The relationshipbetween distance from the main road and metal contents wasmeasured by Pearson’s correlation. Based on combined analyses,highly significant difference over locations was only showedon Cd content in white cabbage. Cd content in white cabbagegrown in Parañaque was higher than that cultivated in Las Piñas,while Cd content in the soil between both sites was comparable.The average Pb content (1.09 µg g-1 dry weight) was highest inthe white cabbage grown right beside the main road. A similartrend was also observed in the soil, with the highest concentrationbeing recorded at 26 µg g-1 dry weight. There was a negativerelationship between distance from the main road and Pb andCd contents in white cabbage and the soil. Level of Pb in watertaken from the canal and river was similar (0.12 mg l-1), whereaslevels of Cd were 0.0084 and 0.0095 mg l-1, respectively. Ingeneral, the concentrations of Pb and Cd in white cabbage andsoil as well as irrigation water were still in the acceptable limits.In terms of environmental hazards and polluted city environment,it seems that big cities in Indonesia especially Jakarta andSurabaya have the same problem with the Philippines. Therefore,it is suggested that the study on heavy metal contaminationin several crops, especially those grown along the mainroad, should be conducted.
ASSESSING GLOBAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY UNDER COLDEST AND WARMEST PERIODS AT DIFFERENT LATITUDINAL REGIONS Runtunuwu, Eleonora; Kondoh, Akihiko
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 9, No 1 (2008): April 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Effect of climate change on water balance will play a key rolein the biosphere system. To study the global climate changeimpact on water balance during 95-year period (1901-1995),long-term grid climatic data including global mean monthlytemperature and precipitation at 0.5 x 0.5 degree resolutionwere analysed. The trend and variation of climate change, thetime series of monthly air temperature and precipitation datawere aggregated into annual arithmetic means for two extremeperiods (1901-1920 and 1990-1995). The potential evapotranspiration(Eo) was calculated using Thornthwaite method.The changes in mean annual value were obtained by subtractingthe maximum period data from 1990 to 1995 (Max) with theminimum period data from 1901 to 1920 (Min). The resultsrevealed that over 95-year period, mean global air temperatureincreased by 0.57oC. The temperature increase varied greatlyin Asia, with more than 3.0oC, especially at 45-70oN, as wellover the northern part of America (60-65oN) and Europe (55-75oN). In low latitude across Asia, Africa, and South America,the variation was less than 1.5oC. In 80-85ºN region, thevariation was relatively small and at higher latitudes it increasedsignificantly. Precipitation varied temporally and spatially. Inthe 40-45ºN and 40-45ºS regions, increasing precipitation ofmore than 100 mm occurred during the June-August andSeptember-November, especially in the northern hemisphere.The Eo increase of 2000 mm during 95 years occurred in thetropical northern America, middle Africa, and South-East Asia.A grid in Central Java of Indonesia showed that the Eo increaseof 2500 mm during 95 years resulted in the decrease of growingperiod by 100 days. In coping with climate change, adjustmentof cropping calendar is imperative.
APPLICATION OF FRUIT BAGGING, SANITATION, AND YELLOW STICKY TRAP TO CONTROL THRIPS ON MANGOSTEEN ., Affandi; Emilda, D.; A.S, M. Jawal
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 9, No 1 (2008): April 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Scars on mangosteen fruits caused by thrips are the mostprominent constraint in Indonesian export of mangosteen.Most of the exported mangosteen are rejected due to scarappearance. This research aimed to study the effects of fruitbagging, sanitation, and sticky trap application on the scarintensity on mangosteen. The research was conducted at afarmers polycultured mangosteen orchard in Lima Puluh Kota,West Sumatra, Indonesia from September 2006 to February2007. The mangosteen trees were cultured with cacao andcoconut. To study the effects of bagging on the number of scars,the fruits were individually bagged at different time pointsstarting from the time of calyx falling down (0) followed at 2,4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 weeks later. Each treatment was replicatedsix times. The experiment of sanitation (SNT) and yellowfluorescent sticky trap (YST) application was designed in acompletely randomized design with six replications, except forthe control which was replicated only three times. Four treatmentsstudied were SNT, YST, combination of SNT+YST, andcontrol. The sanitation was applied by removing all weeds underthe canopy of mangosteen trees followed with soil tillage andfogging. The sticky trap was nailed on woody sticks and placedon 3 m above the ground at four different positions around thetree canopy. Parameters observed were the percentage and intensityof scars and number of thrips caught on the sticky traps.The results showed that application of early bagging, SNT, YST,and SNT+YST were effective to reduce intensity and percentageof scars. However, combination of SNT+YST demonstrated thebest results in reducing the intensity and percentage of scars by32.14% and 42.82%, respectively. Combination of SNT+YSTalso drastically decreased thrips population as indicated by thelow number of thrips catched after five biweekly observations.Since the fifth observation, the thrips population was low (lessthan 5 thrips catched per sticky trap) and far below the economicthreshold. The present study implies the importance of earlyfruit bagging, sanitation, and sticky trap application in protectingmangosteen fruits from scars.
VARIABILITY AND CORRELATION OF AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS OF MUNGBEAN GERMPLASM AND THEIR UTILIZATION FOR VARIETY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM Lukman Hakim Hakim, Lukman
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 9, No 1 (2008): April 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Information on the variability and correlation between agronomiccharacters of mungbean accessions with their yield are importantfor supporting breeding program of the plant. A total of 350mungbean accessions were evaluated at Muara ExperimentalFarm, Indonesian Center for Food Crops Research and Development,Bogor, during the dry season of 2005. The experimentwas conducted in a completely randomized block design withthree replications. Each accession was planted in two rows of5 m long. Plant spacing was 40 cm x 20 cm, two plants per hill.Correlation and path coefficient analyses were used to quantifythe magnitude of the relationship between yield componentsand grain yield. The variability among the accessions wassignificant for most of the characters studied, especially fordays to maturity, plant height, pods per plant, and seed size.Among the yield components, the number of pods per plant andplant height positively correlated with the grain yield, but theseed size negatively correlated with grain yield. The directeffects of the number of pods per plant and plant height on seedyield as indicated by path coefficient were the highest, whileother causal effects were small or negative. Yield variation (1-R2) attributable to the nine yield component variables wasslightly high (61.23%), which means that mungbean accessionswith high grain yield should have sufficient plant heightand high number of pods per plant. Therefore, these parameters(number of pods per plant and plant height) can be usedas the selection criteria in mungbean breeding program. Thesecriteria can be visualized during bulk selection on the earlygeneration stage of F2 to F4, and subsequently on line developmentof individual plant (pedigree) of F5.
POPULATION FLUCTUATION OF ADULT MALES OF THE FRUIT FLY, Bactrocera tau Walker (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) IN PASSION FRUIT ORCHARDS IN RELATION TO ABIOTIC FACTORS AND SANITATION Hasyim, A.; ., Muryati; Kogel, W.J. de
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 9, No 1 (2008): April 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Fruit fly (Bactrocera tau) is the most destructive pest on somefruits in Indonesia. Monitoring of the pest population is essentialas one of the procedures in the IPM concept. The studyaimed to investigate the seasonal fluctuation of adult males ofB. tau and their damage on passion fruits in relation to abioticfactors. The research was done by a survey method on threeplots of passion fruit orchards in Alahan Panjang, West Sumatra,Indonesia from March to December 2005. In plot 1 thefarmer practiced sanitation by removing damaged fruits andweeds from the orchard. In the plots 2 and 3 no sanitation waspracticed. Each plot was 1 ha in size. The parameters observedwere density of adult male B. tau and climatic factors (rainfallper day, number of rainy days, and average day temperature).Empty mineral water bottle traps were used to catch adult malesof B. tau. Each plot had 16 traps set up with cue lure as fruitfly attractant. Each trap was baited with 3 ml cue lure on acotton wick (1 cm diameter). The cotton wick was rebaited at2-week intervals. The traps were placed on host plants about1.5 m above the ground. Trapped flies were collected every twoweeks and counted. The data were analyzed by correlationanalysis. The results revealed that the number of male B. tauin three orchards showed a similar fluctuation during the studyperiod with a major peak in July. The lower numbers of fliescaptured in plot 1 (with sanitation) compared to the two otherplots (without sanitation) were consistent with a lower percentageof damaged fruits in the plot 1 compared to the other two.The percentage of damaged fruits gradually decreased over timeto about 20% in plot 1 which is lower than that in the other twoplots (30-40%). The number of fruit flies captured with cue lurebaited traps correlated positively with all three abiotic factorsstudied. The seasonal fluctuation of the fruit fly population andthe damage to the fruits are necessary to be studied as a procedurein IPM for controlling B. tau.
ASSESSING GLOBAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY UNDER COLDEST AND WARMEST PERIODS AT DIFFERENT LATITUDINAL REGIONS Eleonora Runtunuwu; Akihiko Kondoh
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 9, No 1 (2008): April 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v9n1.2008.p7-18

Abstract

Effect of climate change on water balance will play a key role in the biosphere system. To study the global climate change impact on water balance during 95-year period (1901-1995), long-term grid climatic data including global mean monthly temperature and precipitation at 0.5 x 0.5 degree resolution were analysed. The trend and variation of climate change, the time series of monthly air temperature and precipitation data were aggregated into annual arithmetic means for two extreme periods (1901-1920 and 1990-1995). The potential evapotranspiration (Eo) was calculated using Thornthwaite method.The changes in mean annual value were obtained by subtracting the maximum period data from 1990 to 1995 (Max) with the minimum period data from 1901 to 1920 (Min). The results revealed that over 95-year period, mean global air temperature increased by 0.57oC. The temperature increase varied greatly in Asia, with more than 3.0oC, especially at 45-70oN, as well over the northern part of America (60-65oN) and Europe (55- 75oN). In low latitude across Asia, Africa, and South America, the variation was less than 1.5oC. In 80-85ºN region, the variation was relatively small and at higher latitudes it increasedsignificantly. Precipitation varied temporally and spatially. In the 40-45ºN and 40-45ºS regions, increasing precipitation of more than 100 mm occurred during the June-August andSeptember-November, especially in the northern hemisphere. The Eo increase of 2000 mm during 95 years occurred in the tropical northern America, middle Africa, and South-East Asia. A grid in Central Java of Indonesia showed that the Eo increase of 2500 mm during 95 years resulted in the decrease of growing period by 100 days. In coping with climate change, adjustment of cropping calendar is imperative.
APPLICATION OF FRUIT BAGGING, SANITATION, AND YELLOW STICKY TRAP TO CONTROL THRIPS ON MANGOSTEEN Affandi Affandi; D. Emilda; M. Jawal A.S
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 9, No 1 (2008): April 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v9n1.2008.p19-23

Abstract

Scars on mangosteen fruits caused by thrips are the most prominent constraint in Indonesian export of mangosteen. Most of the exported mangosteen are rejected due to scar appearance. This research aimed to study the effects of fruit bagging, sanitation, and sticky trap application on the scar intensity on mangosteen. The research was conducted at a farmer's polycultured mangosteen orchard in Lima Puluh Kota, West Sumatra, Indonesia from September 2006 to February 2007. The mangosteen trees were cultured with cacao and coconut. To study the effects of bagging on the number of scars, the fruits were individually bagged at different time points starting from the time of calyx falling down (0) followed at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 weeks later. Each treatment was replicated six times. The experiment of sanitation (SNT) and yellow fluorescent sticky trap (YST) application was designed in a completely randomized design with six replications, except for the control which was replicated only three times. Four treatments studied were SNT, YST, combination of SNT+YST, and control. The sanitation was applied by removing all weeds under the canopy of mangosteen trees followed with soil tillage and fogging. The sticky trap was nailed on woody sticks and placed on 3 m above the ground at four different positions around the tree canopy. Parameters observed were the percentage and intensityof scars and number of thrips caught on the sticky traps. The results showed that application of early bagging, SNT, YST, and SNT+YST were effective to reduce intensity and percentage of scars. However, combination of SNT+YST demonstrated the best results in reducing the intensity and percentage of scars by 32.14% and 42.82%, respectively. Combination of SNT+YST also drastically decreased thrips population as indicated by thelow number of thrips catched after five biweekly observations. Since the fifth observation, the thrips population was low (less than 5 thrips catched per sticky trap) and far below the economic threshold. The present study implies the importance of early fruit bagging, sanitation, and sticky trap application in protecting mangosteen fruits from scars.
VARIABILITY AND CORRELATION OF AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS OF MUNGBEAN GERMPLASM AND THEIR UTILIZATION FOR VARIETY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM Lukman Hakim Lukman Hakim
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 9, No 1 (2008): April 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v9n1.2008.p24-28

Abstract

Information on the variability and correlation between agronomic characters of mungbean accessions with their yield are important for supporting breeding program of the plant. A total of 350 mungbean accessions were evaluated at Muara Experimental Farm, Indonesian Center for Food Crops Research and Development, Bogor, during the dry season of 2005. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Each accession was planted in two rows of 5 m long. Plant spacing was 40 cm x 20 cm, two plants per hill. Correlation and path coefficient analyses were used to quantifythe magnitude of the relationship between yield components and grain yield. The variability among the accessions was significant for most of the characters studied, especially for days to maturity, plant height, pods per plant, and seed size. Among the yield components, the number of pods per plant and plant height positively correlated with the grain yield, but theseed size negatively correlated with grain yield. The direct effects of the number of pods per plant and plant height on seed yield as indicated by path coefficient were the highest, while other causal effects were small or negative. Yield variation (1- R2) attributable to the nine yield component variables was slightly high (61.23%), which means that mungbean accessions with high grain yield should have sufficient plant height and high number of pods per plant. Therefore, these parameters (number of pods per plant and plant height) can be used as the selection criteria in mungbean breeding program. These criteria can be visualized during bulk selection on the early generation stage of F2 to F4, and subsequently on line development of individual plant (pedigree) of F5.
POPULATION FLUCTUATION OF ADULT MALES OF THE FRUIT FLY, Bactrocera tau Walker (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) IN PASSION FRUIT ORCHARDS IN RELATION TO ABIOTIC FACTORS AND SANITATION A. Hasyim; Muryati Muryati; W.J. de Kogel
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 9, No 1 (2008): April 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v9n1.2008.p29-33

Abstract

Fruit fly (Bactrocera tau) is the most destructive pest on some fruits in Indonesia. Monitoring of the pest population is essential as one of the procedures in the IPM concept. The study aimed to investigate the seasonal fluctuation of adult males of B. tau and their damage on passion fruits in relation to abiotic factors. The research was done by a survey method on three plots of passion fruit orchards in Alahan Panjang, West Sumatra, Indonesia from March to December 2005. In plot 1 the farmer practiced sanitation by removing damaged fruits and weeds from the orchard. In the plots 2 and 3 no sanitation was practiced. Each plot was 1 ha in size. The parameters observed were density of adult male B. tau and climatic factors (rainfall per day, number of rainy days, and average day temperature). Empty mineral water bottle traps were used to catch adult males of B. tau. Each plot had 16 traps set up with cue lure as fruit fly attractant. Each trap was baited with 3 ml cue lure on a cotton wick (1 cm diameter). The cotton wick was rebaited at 2-week intervals. The traps were placed on host plants about 1.5 m above the ground. Trapped flies were collected every two weeks and counted. The data were analyzed by correlation analysis. The results revealed that the number of male B. tauin three orchards showed a similar fluctuation during the study period with a major peak in July. The lower numbers of flies captured in plot 1 (with sanitation) compared to the two other plots (without sanitation) were consistent with a lower percentage of damaged fruits in the plot 1 compared to the other two. The percentage of damaged fruits gradually decreased over time to about 20% in plot 1 which is lower than that in the other twoplots (30-40%). The number of fruit flies captured with cue lure baited traps correlated positively with all three abiotic factors studied. The seasonal fluctuation of the fruit fly population and the damage to the fruits are necessary to be studied as a procedurein IPM for controlling B. tau.
IDENTIFICATION OF LEAD AND CADMIUM LEVELS IN WHITE CABBAGE (Brassica rapa L.), SOIL, AND IRRIGATION WATER OF URBAN AGRICULTURAL SITES IN THE PHILIPPINES Hardiyanto Hardiyanto; Constancio C. De Guzman
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 9, No 1 (2008): April 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v9n1.2008.p1-6

Abstract

Urban agriculture comprises a variety of farming systems, ranging from subsistence to fully commercialized agriculture. Pollution from automobile exhaust, industrial and commercialactivities may affect humans, crops, soil, and water in and around urban agriculture areas. The research aimed to investigate the level and distribution of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in white cabbage (Brassica rapa L.), soil, and irrigation water taken from urban sites. The research was conducted in Las Piñas and Parañaque, Metro Manila, Philippines. The field area was divided into three sections based on its distance from the main road (0, 25, and 50 m). Irrigation water was taken from canal (Las Piñas) and river (Parañaque). Pb and Cd contents of the extract were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Combined analysis over locations was used. The relationship between distance from the main road and metal contents was measured by Pearson’s correlation. Based on combined analyses, highly significant difference over locations was only showed on Cd content in white cabbage. Cd content in white cabbage grown in Parañaque was higher than that cultivated in Las Piñas, while Cd content in the soil between both sites was comparable.The average Pb content (1.09 µg g-1 dry weight) was highest in the white cabbage grown right beside the main road. A similar trend was also observed in the soil, with the highest concentration being recorded at 26 µg g-1 dry weight. There was a negative relationship between distance from the main road and Pb and Cd contents in white cabbage and the soil. Level of Pb in water taken from the canal and river was similar (0.12 mg l-1), whereaslevels of Cd were 0.0084 and 0.0095 mg l-1, respectively. In general, the concentrations of Pb and Cd in white cabbage and soil as well as irrigation water were still in the acceptable limits. In terms of environmental hazards and polluted city environment, it seems that big cities in Indonesia especially Jakarta and Surabaya have the same problem with the Philippines. Therefore, it is suggested that the study on heavy metal contaminationin several crops, especially those grown along the main road, should be conducted.

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