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<![CDATA[Analisis Kadar O6 -[H3 ]Metilguanin-DNA pada Kultur Hepatosit Tikus Menggunakan Liquid Scintillation Counter Setelah Pemberian (-)-Epigalokatekin Galat dari Teh Hijau ]]>
<![CDATA[Purwanto, Djoko Agus]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 2, No 1 (2011) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Alkylation of DNA can occur at various site, however alkylation of the O6-position ofguanine has the strongest mutagenic potential. O6-Methylguanine is a toxic and mutagenic lesionwhich is formed in cellular DNA by alkylating agents. Alkyl group from carbanium ion can attack DNAforms alkylated DNA especially at O6 position of guanine. O6-methylguanine mispairs with thymineduring replication, and if the adduct is not removed, this results in conversion from a guanine-cytosinepair to an adenine-thymine pair. Deficient repair of O6-methylguanine has been suggested to be acontributory factor in the etiology of some diseases such as diabetes and cancer. This study aimed todetermine O6-methylguanine DNA concentration induced by N-[H3]methyl-N-nitrosourea ([H3]MNU)in rat liver cell culture with and without (-)-epigalocatechin gallate exposure.Methods: Primary rat liver cell culture was divided into 10 groups. Five groups for [H3]MNU 32 μMexposure, and 5 groups remain for 48 μM [H3]MNU exposure. Each group of [H3]MNU exposure gotEGCG 0 (as control), 8, 17, 33 and 67 ppm. The DNA was isolated, and O6-[H3]methylguanine DNAseparated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Concentration of O6-[H3]methylguanineDNA was measured by Liquid Scintillation Counter.Results: O6-Methylguanine DNA concentration decreased significantly in liver cell culture groups withEGCG. O6-[H3]Methylguanine DNA concentration in control groups for [H3]MNU 32 μM and 48 μMwere 29.89 ± 2.01 and 32.00 ± 1.67 fmol/μg DNA, respectively, while with EGCG 67 ppm were 1.87 ± 0.94and 2.38 ± 0.36 fmol/μg DNA.Conclusion: O6-methylguanine DNA concentration in liver rat culture induced by MNU decreasessignificantly after EGCG exposure. These findings support the conclusion that EGCG plays a key role insuppressing and inhibiting cancer development.Keywords:(-)-epigalocatechin gallate, N-[H3]methyl-N-nitrosourea, O6-methylguanine DNA, LiquidScintilation Counter]]>
<![CDATA[Pengaruh Penjaruman Titik Akupunktur Feishu (BL 13) dan Zusanli (ST 36) Terhadap Jumlah Limfosit CD4+ Pada Model Tikus Putih Asma ]]>
<![CDATA[Balgis, ]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 2, No 1 (2011) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Asthma prevalence is increasing in developing and developed countries. CD4+ Th2 Celland its product play an important role in asthma pathogenesis. This study examined the effect ofneedling at Feishu (BL13) and of Zusanli (ST36) acupoints in decreasing CD4+ lymphocyte counts inasthmatic rat model.Methods: This was a randomized-controlled laboratory trial with a sample of 27 white Spargue Dawleyrats. The sample was divided into three groups by randomization: a control group (K) not given atreatment, treatment group 1 (PI) exposed with ovalbumin (OVA), and treatment group II (PII)exposed with OVA and acupuncture. OVA were given by intraperitoneal on days 1 to 14, followed withinhaled OVA on days 21, 23, 25, 27, and 29. Acupuncture was provided at Feishu (BL13) and Zusanli(ST36) points for 10 days, starting on day 21 to 30. Continuous wave electro-stimulation at 2 Hz frequencywas given for 15 minutes, with its intensity varied to induce muscle contractions around needling area.The white rats were killed on day 31 by neck dislocation. The lungs were stained with immunehistochemistry for histologic examination. The data were analyzed using One-way Anova and Post HocTest.Results: One-way Anova showed statistically significant difference in CD4+ lymphocyte counts amonggroups (p<0.001).Conclusion: Needling at Feishu (BL13) and Zusanli (ST36) acupoints decreases CD4+ lymphocyte countssignificantly at treatment group II. But this decrease does not reach CD4+ lymphocyte counts as it is inthe control group.Keywords: acupuncture, CD4+ lymphocyte, asthma.]]>
<![CDATA[Hubungan antara Derajat Hipertensi dan Elongasi Aorta pada Pemeriksaan Foto Toraks ]]>
<![CDATA[Firstyani, Maria Leony Rahajeng]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 2, No 1 (2011) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Despite it is general thought that the aorta lengthens with hypertension, its empiricalevidence from Indonesian population is lacking. This study aimed to examine the relationship betweengrade of hypertension and aortic elongation on the chest X-ray examination.Methods: A cross-sectional study has been carried out at the Radiology Department, Dr. MoewardiHospital, from May 23rd to June 23rd 2011. A sample of 60 subjects aged from 20 to 80 years old wereselected by purposive sampling. Postero-anterior chest X-ray photograph including six pairs of anteriorribs and ten pairs of posterior ribs was taken with sufficient inspiration. Subjects with other abnormalcardiac and aortic valve were excluded. Study subjects filled-in informed consent form and weremeasured for aortic elongation, i.e. the length between the top of aortic arch and incisura jugularissterni. The blood pressure was checked. The researcher also searched the subjectsâ medical record forsecondary data. Odds Ratio (OR) was used to measure the strength of association, and chi-square totest its statistical significance, on SPSS 17.0 for Windows.Results: Individuals with prehypertension had 5 times higher risk of aortic elongation than normalindividuals (OR= 5.09; 95%CI 1.14 to 22.62; p=0.013). Individuals with grade 1 hypertension had 8 timeshigher risk of aortic elongation than normal individuals (OR= 8.00; 95%CI 1.39 to 45.75; p=0.007).Individuals with grade 2 hypertension had 61 times higher risk of aortic elongation than normalindividuals (OR=60.71; 95%CI 2.76 to 1332; p<0.001).Conclusion: There is a strong and statistically significant âdose-response relationshipâ between gradeof hypertension and aortic elongation. Aortic elongation can be used as a sensitive and reliable markerfor diagnosing pre-hypertension and hypertension..Keyword: grade of hypertension, aortic elongation]]>
<![CDATA[Efek Suplementasi Serat Chitosan dengan Omega-3 dalam Minyak Ikan Terhadap Trigliserida Plasma dan Kolesterol Total pada Pekerja Obes ]]>
<![CDATA[Syarief, Fatimah]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 2, No 1 (2011) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: The primary problem of dislipidemia include increases in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol,triglyceride or decrease of HDL cholesterol. Omega-3 in fish oil supplementation has benefit on themanagement of hypertriglyceridemia and cholesterol This study aimed to determine the effect ofchitosan fiber supplementation with omega-3 in fish oil on plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol inobese employeesMethods: Thirty-eight obese employees were assigned into 2 groups, equalized on the basis of theirbody mass index (BMI > 25 kg/m2). Twenty two obese employees received supplements providing 3 gomega-3 and 16 obese employees received 3 g omega-3 and 3 gr chitosan daily for 21 days. Plasmatrigliceryde and total cholesterol were measured on days 0 and 22. Confounding factors of this studywere fiber intake during study and total cholesterol before supplementation. Linear regression analysiswas run on SPSS 17 to determine the difference in triglyceride and total cholesterol levels betweenthe two groups while controlling for the confounding factors.Results: The study showed that total cholesterol on chitosan and omega 3 group was lower thanomega-3 group. The difference of total cholesterol between groups was statistically significant.However, there was no difference in triglyceride between groups.Conclusion: Chitosan supplementation along with omega-3 supplementation has a beneficial effect inlowering total cholesterol in 20-54 years old obese employeesKeywords: obese, omega-3, chitosan, triglyceride, total cholesterol]]>
<![CDATA[Hubungan Pemberian Zink dengan Hitung Limfosit dan Lama Rawat Inap pada Anak dengan Infeksi Virus Dengue di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta ]]>
<![CDATA[Panggabean, Imelda]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 2, No 1 (2011) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: In theory, lymphocyte count increases in pediatric patients with dengue virus infection,because this infection increases apoptosis process and activation of T lymphocyte function, Th1 cytokineproduction, and B lymphocytes. Administration of zinc is hypothsized to affect immunity changes asshown by these biomarkers. This study aimed to examine the effect of zinc on lymphocyte count andlength of stay in pediatric patients with dengue virus infection.Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial. A sample of 78 pediatric inpatients withdengue virus infection was selected for study at Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta, between October2010 and March 2011. This sample was divided into 2 groups, consisting of 39 children receivingstandard therapy plus zinc and 39 children receiving standard therapy alone. The dependent variablesunder study were lymphocyte count and length of stay (days) The independent variable wasadministration of zinc. The mean difference in lymphocyte count and length of stay between the twogroups was tested by independent t, using SPSS version 17.0.Results: No statistically significant difference in means was shown of lympocyte count between thetwo groups (p=0.313), meaning that there is no association between administration of zinc andlymphocyte count. In contrast, there was statistically significant difference in means of length of stay(days) between the two groups (p=0.006). Patients receiving zinc had 0.62 days shorter length of staythan those without zinc.Conclusion: Administration of zinc is associated with shortening of length of stay but not associatedwith lymphocyte count.Keywords: children, dengue infection, zinc, lymphocyte, length of stay]]>
<![CDATA[Hubungan Antara Hiperglikemia dan Mortalitas Pada Anak Dengan Sepsis di Ruang Rawat Inap Intensif RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta ]]>
<![CDATA[Arifin, M. Rikki Ardhiareza]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 2, No 1 (2011) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Sepsis is a major cause of infant and child mortality. Hyperglycemia worsens situation inpatients with sepsis and increases mortality. Unfortunately, hyperglycemia in patients with sepsis isoften ignored by clinicians. This study aimed to estimate the association between hyperglycemia andmortality in children with sepsis after controlling for multi-organ dysfunctions (MOD), age, andnutritional status.Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU),RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta on 85 child patients aged 1 month to 18 years who were diagnosed assepsis. Hyperglycemia was determined using blood glocose of 200mg/ dl cut-off point. MultivariateCox regression analysis was performed to analyze the association between mortality and hyperglycemia,while controlling for confounding variables including MOD, age, and nutritional status. The strength ofassociation was measured in hazard ratio (HR) with its 95% confidence interval.Results: Cox regression analysis showed a statistically significant moderate association betweenhyperglycemia and mortality (HR= 2.78; 95% CI 1,34 to 5.77; p=0.006). MOD was strongly related withmortality (HR= 5.25; 95% CI 2,20 to 12.49; p<0.001).Conclusion: There is a significant association between hyperglycemia and mortality among childrenwith sepsis, after controlling for age, nutritional status, and MOD.Keywords: Sepsis, hyperglycemia, MOD, mortality.]]>
<![CDATA[Hubungan antara Neutropenia dan Mortalitas pada Neonatus dengan Sepsis, dengan MengendalikanPengaruh Umur Gestasi dan Berat Badan lahir ]]>
<![CDATA[Rokhayati, Evi]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 2, No 1 (2011) ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Sepsis in neonates (newborns) remains a major cause of public health concern. Sepsismay cause neutropenia due to hematological system dysfunction, which suggests poor prognosis.Decreased neutrophil function will increase mortality in neonates. In addition, the health care costimplication of residual symptoms in children who survive is quite high.This study aimed to estimatethe association between neutropenia and mortality in neonates with sepsis.Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta. A sample of85 neonates was selected by consecutive sampling, i.e. all of the newborns aged <1 month at thePedicatric Intensive Care Unit at this hospital during April 2011 to July 2011 period were taken as thestudy subjects. The dependent variable was time to mortality. The independent variabel wasneutropenia. The confounding factors were gestational age (prematurity) and low birth weight. Theassociation between neotropenia and time to mortality while controlling for gestational age and birthweight was analyzed by Cox-regression model on SPSS 17.0Results: The sample consisted of 54 (63.5%) male and 31 (36.5%) female newborns. There were 40(47.10%) newborns with gestational age <37 weeks, and 45 (52.90%) with weight <2500g. As many as44 (51.80%) newborns experienced neutropenia while 41 (48.20%) did not experience neutropenia.The death toll of these newborns was 27 (31.80%). Cox regression analysis showed a weak associationbetween neotropenia and mortality, and it was not statistically signficant (Hazard Ratio = 1.28; 95% CI0.55 to 2.94; p=0.568). This estimate has controlled for the effects of gestational age and birth weight.Prematurity showed strong association with the risk of mortality in neonates with sepsis (HR = 3.12;95% CI 1.07 to 9.68; p=0.037).Conclusion: Neutropenia and in addition low birth weight show weak and unreliable predictors formortaity in neonates with sepsis. Prematurity shows a strong and reliable predictor for mortality inneonates with sepsis.Keywords: sepsis, neutropenia, mortality, neonates.]]>
<![CDATA[Efek Klonidin Sebagai Ajuvan Anestesi Spinal Terhadap Kadar Glukose Darah ]]>
<![CDATA[Prasetyo, Ahmad Helmi]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 2, No 1 (2011) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Stress response to post-surgical pain can raise blood sugar level. Excessive blood sugarlevel (hyperglycemia) in turn may increase the risk of mortality. Intrathecal morphine as a spinalanesthesia adjuvant has shown effective to suppress blood sugar increase. However, morphine caninduce serious adverse effects such as respiratory distress. This study aimed to determine the effectof Clonidine as a spinal anesthesia adjuvant on blood glucose level and duration of analgesia.Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 30 patients undergoing lower abdominalsurgery with spinal anesthesia. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. The control groupwas given an anesthetic agent 12.5 mg of 0.5% Bupivacaine and 0.3cc 0.9% NaCl. The experimentalgroup was given anesthetic agent 12.5 mg of 0.5% Bupivacaine and Clonidine 1mcg/ kg body weight.The primary outcome variable under study was blood glucose level before incision up to 12 hours afterthe end of operation. The side outcome variable was duration of analgesia. The effect of Clonidine wasreported in terms of OR, ARR, RRR, and NNT.Results: The addition of Clonidine to Bupivacaine 0.5% spinal anesthesia stabilized blood glucose level.Statistically significant lower level of blood glucose was demonstrated in subjects with Clonidine thanthose without Clonidine during the wound closure (p<0.024) and 12 hours after wound closure (p<0.040)of the surgery. Subjects receiving Clonidine showed 1/3 lower risk of hyperglycemia than those withoutClonidine (OR= 0.31; p=0.196). Addition of Clonidine decreased the risk of hyperglycemia as much as20% (ARR= 20.0%). Administration of Clonidine as an adjuvant effectively prevented the risk ofhyperglycemia (NNT= 5). Clonidine also prolonged analgesic duration (p<0.001).Conclusion: Clonidine is a desirable spinal anesthesia adjuvant as it provides stability to blood glucoselevel and lengthens analgesic duration. It can be used as an alternative to avoid the complicationsresulting from administration of opioid morphine as an adjuvant in a spinal anesthesia.Keywords: Clonidine, surgical stress, blood glucose]]>
<![CDATA[Keefektifan Konseling untuk Menurunkan Skor Penggunaan NAPZA di Klinik Rumatan Metadon ]]>
<![CDATA[Raharjo, Setyowati]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 2, No 1 (2011) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Methadone is used worldwide as an effective treatment for clients with heroindependence. Methadone maintenance therapy aims to reduce opioid dependence, yet most patientsstill use at least one psychoactive substance. Studies have shown that counseling can help clientsresolve drug dependence. This study is aimed to determine whether counseling is effective to reducedrug use score at methadone maintenance clinic.Methods: This study was a single-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT). The study sample consistedof 28 subjects who undertook methadone maintenance treatment program at Dr.Moewardi Hospitaland Manahan Public Health Center in Surakarta. This sample was divided into 2 groups, consisting of agroup of 14 subjects who received and another group of 14 subjects who did not receivedcounseling.Multiple linear regression analysis was run to determine the effectiveness of counseling toreduce drug use score. While controlling for the effect of baseline drug use score and recent methadonedose.Results: Multiple linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant effect of counseling onreducing drug use score, after controlling for the effect of baseline drug use score and recent metahdonedose. The group of subjects who received counseling had drug use score 26 points lower than thosewho who did not receive counseling(b= - 26.19; 95%CI -48.30 to 4.09; p= 0.023).Conclusion: Counselling is effective to reduce drug use score at methadone maintenance clinic.Keywords: counseling, drug use, methadone, maintenance.]]>
<![CDATA[Keefektifan Konseling Eklektik untuk Meningkatkan Kapasitas Fungsi Sosial dan Kualitas Hidup pada Pasien Skizofrenia ]]>
<![CDATA[Rosita, Henny]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 2, No 1 (2011) ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Current management of schizophrenia emphasizes on eclectic approach using biopsychosocialtheories. In conjunction with the standard anti-psychotic terapy, the eclectic counselingis thought to enhance clinical outcomes of patients with schizophrenia, by accelerating adaptivecapacity recovery that allows normal function of the patients in the society. This study aimed todetermine the effectiveness of eclectic counseling on the social function capacity and quality of life inpatients with schizophrenia.Methods: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted at RSJD (Mental Hospital)Surakarta. A sample of 34 patients diagnosed as schizophrenia in remission was selected for the study.Seventeen patients received eclectic counseling while the other 17 patients did not receive counseling.The independent variable under study was eclectic counseling delivered by a psychiatrist to thepatients once a week over 8 weeks . The dependent variables were scores in Social and OccupationalFunctioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), and Clinical Global Impression for Quality of Life (CGI-QL). Multiplelinear regression analysis was performed to estimate the effect of counseling on SOFAS and CGI-QL,while controlling for baseline SOFAS and CGI-QLResults: The face validity and concurrent validity of the Indonesian version of SOFAS had been validatedagainst the gold standard GAF scale to measure social function capacity in patients with schizophrenia.Patients with eclectic counseling had higher SOFAS score than those without counseling (b=7.13;95%CI 2.19 to 12.06; p=0.006). Patients with eclectic counseling had better wuality of life, i.e. lowerCGI-QL score than those without counseling (b= -1.19; 95%CI -2.12 to -0.26; p=0.014 ).Conclusion: In conjunction with the standard anti-psychotic therapy, eclectic counseling is effective tofurther improve social function capacity and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia.Keywords: eclectic counseling, social function capacity, quality of life, schizophrenia]]>
