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Nexus Biomedika
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
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Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
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Articles 9 Documents
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Search results for , issue " Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Nexus Biomedika" : 9 Documents clear
Effectivity of NS1 Antigen Test for Early Detection of Dengue Fever in Surakarta and Surrounding Areas Setyaningrum, Arina; Saptawati, Leli; Sari, Yulia
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background:.The first time of dengue virus infection can give symptoms as dengue fever. Dengue fever disease has symptoms that are not typical and may manifest as Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and can progress to Dengue Shock Syndrome which can cause death if patients get treatment too late. Therefore, it is important to anticipate the delay in treatment so that requires a device to detection of dengue fever which is faster and more accurate. One is NS1 antigen detection methods. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness the NS1 antigen test for early detection of dengue fever in the region of Surakarta and surrounding areas.   Method:.This study was a diagnostic test study using a community-based cross-sectional design. Sample size was 49 patients taken with consecutive techniques. Each samples performed detection of dengue NS1 antigen by Rapid strips test of  immunochromatography and detection of genetic material of dengue virus by RT-PCR. Both of the data were tested with a diagnostic test.   Result:.Diagnostic test results gave 67% of sensitivity, 89% of specificity, 67% of positive predictive value, 89% of negative predictive value, 6.09 of positive likelihood ratio, and 0.37 of negative likelihood ratio. The presence of a major change of the value of pretest probability (24%) to the value of the Post Test Probability (66%) indicated that the dengue NS1 antigen test device could provide diagnostic results which were important and useful.   Conclusion:The NS1 antigen test is effective as diagnostic kit of Dengue virus infection due to its well specificity Keywords: Dengue Virus, Dengue NS1 antigen test, early detection of Dengue fever 
The Effectivity of Low Dose Steroid for Reducing Intestinal Inflammation Grade in Mice Model of Sepsis Early Stage Prasetyo, Medita; Ediningsih, Endang; ., Sarsono
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which activates apoptosis of the mucous lining of gastrointestinal tract. The use of steroids as inflammatory therapies in sepsis is still debated. This study aimed to determine the effect of steroid in low dose on intestinal inflammation grade in mice model of Sepsis early stage. Method : This study was an experimental laboratory with the post test only controlled group design. The sample was 25 male Balb/C mice, divided into five groups, namely: control (K1), sepsis (K2), sepsis + low dose steroid (K3), sepsis + moderate dose steroid (K4), sepsis + high dose steroid (K5). The models of sepsis were given cecal inoculums material 4 mg/kgBW/day/i.p for 5 days. Two hours after i.p injection of cecal inoculums, the mice were given dexamethasone with doses 0.05; 0.25; 2.50 mg/kgBW/day/i.v, representing low, moderate, and high dose steroid therapy for 5 days. Histological preparation of intestines was made on day 6, while the anti inflammatory effect of steroid therapy was measured based on inflammatory grading according to Chang et al. Data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis method and Mann Whitney method. The values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Result : The study showed grading inflammation of mice within groups were: K1: grade 0 (100%); K2: grade 2 (60%) and grade 3 (40%); K3: grade 0 (40%) and grade 1 (60%); K4: grade 2 (20%) and grade 3 (80%); K5: grade 3 (40%) and grade 4 (60%). There was significant difference between groups: K1-K2 (p = 0.005), K2-K3 (p = 0.007), K2-K5 group (p = 0.020), K3-K4 (p = 0.006), K3-K5 (p = 0.007), K4-K5 (p = 0.042). Conclusion: Low dose steroid effectively reduces intestinal inflammation grade in mice model of sepsis early stage. Keywords: Steroid dose, inflammation grade, sepsis. 
Hepatoprotective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Pegagan Leaves (Centella asiatica L. Urban) on Histological Damage of Hepatocyte on Mice Model induced by Parasetamol Putri, Naila Shofwati; ., Suyatmi; Febrinasari, Ratih Puspita
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: Pegagan leaves (Centella asiatica L. Urban) contain antioxidative compounds that can protect hepatocytes from free radicals. The aim of this research was to know the hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of pegagan leaves (Centella asiatica L. Urban) on histological damage of hepatocyte on mice model induced by paracetamol. Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory with the post test only control group design. Samples were 30 male Swiss webster mice, with 2-3 months old and ± 20 gr body weight divided into 5 groups equally. KN and KI were given distilled water for 14 days. In addition, KI was also given paracetamol in dose 5.07 mg/20 gbw on the 12th, 13th, 14th day. KP1, KP2, and KP3 were given ethanolic extract of pegagan leaves in dose 5 mg, 10 mg, and 20 mg per 20 gbw respectively for 14 days and paracetamol in dose 5.07 mg per 20 gbw on the 12th, 13th, 14th day. On the 15th day, mice were sacrificed and their livers were taken for preparation with paraffin block method and stained with HE. The features of histological damage of hepatocyte were assessed by counting the numbers of nucleus damage of hepotocyte (pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis) of 100 cells in the sentrolobular zone. The data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA test and Post Hoc LSD test. Results: The means of histological damage of hepatocyte were 16.08 ± 5.160; 66.00 ± 3.275; 44.58 ± 5.583; 31.67 ± 2.188; 26.17 ± 3.810 for KN, KI, KP1, KP2, KP3 respectively. The result of One-Way ANOVA test was *p = 0.000. The result of Post Hoc LSD test showed a  significant difference between five groups, *p = 0.000 for KN-KI, KN-KP1, KN-KP2, KN-KP3, KI-KP1, KI-KP2, KI-KP3, KP1-KP2, KP1-KP3 and *p = 0.002 for KP2-KP3. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of pegagan leaves can prevent histological damage of hepatocyte on mice model induced by paracetamol. Keywords: ethanolic extract of pegagan leaves, paracetamol, histological damage of hepatocyte  
The Effect of Granules of Spring Onion’s Extract (Allium fistulosum L.) to the Mortality of Anopheles aconitus Larvae Saputra, Riko; Haryati, Sri; Wicaksono, Bagus
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Nowadays the prevalence of malaria in Indonesia is still high. Anopheles aconitus is one of the vector of malaria. Insecticide is a way which government uses  to kill the Anopheles aconitus mosquitoes, but it can cause the resistence of the mosquitoes, because of that we need an alternative way to kill them, and we can use larvacide to kill the Anopheles aconitus larvae. Spring Onion contains substances that can be larvacide, so the researcher wanted to prove that granules of Spring Onion’s extract had effects to kill the Anopheles aconitus larvae. Methods:This research used laboratory experimental design with post test only control group design. The subject of this research was Anopheles aconitus larvae that were divided into 7 groups, each group contained 25 larvae and the research was repeated in 4 times. For the negative control group we used 100 ml water. The other six groups contained a different number of granules of Spring Onion’s extract; they were 850 mg, 1000 mg, 1150 mg, 1300 mg, 1450 mg, and 1600 mg. The observation was held after 24 hours, then, the number of dead larvae was counted. The data were analyzed using Linear Regression and Probit test. Results:Linear Regression test showed that the R correlation score was 0.984 and R2 score was 0.969, this meant that the effect of the number of granules of the Spring Onion’s extract to kill larvaes was 96.9% and the rest 3.1% was effected by the others variables. Probit test showed LC50 (Lethal Concentration) was 820.573 mg and LC99 was 1671.886 mg. Conclusion:There is effect of granules of Spring Onion’s extract to the mortality of Anopheles aconitus larvae. The LC50 is 820.573 mg and the LC99 is 1671.886 mg, while the effect of the number of granules to influence is R2: 96.9% and the correlation between the number of granules and mortality is R: 0.984. Keyword: granules, Spring Onion’s extract, Anopheles aconitus larvae, mortality
The Effect of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) Fruit Juice on Renal Cell Histological Damage of Mice Induced by Rhodamine B Najmi, Dea Saufika; Suparyanti, Endang Listyaningsih; Sari, Yulia
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background:Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) contains many antioxidant phytochemicals such as vitamin C, anthocyanins and ellagic acid that may exhibit significant protection of kidney cells from free radicals. In present study, Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) fruit juice was evaluated for its nephroprotector effect on mice renal damage induced by Rhodamine B. Methods:This research was an experimental laboratory study with the posttest only controlled group design. Samples were 28 male mice, Swiss webster type, 2-3 months old and ± 20 g of each weight. Samples were divided into 4 groups of 7 mice each. This research used consecutive sampling. Strawberry juice was given for 16 days in a row, while Rhodamine B (0.2 ml/20 gr of mice body weight) was given on 10th to 16th day. Negative Control Group (KK-) was given distilled water only. Positive Control Group (KK+) was given Rhodamine B. First Treatmennt Group (KP1) and Second Treatment Group (KP2) were  given 0.4 ml and 0.8 ml of Strawberry fruit juice per 20 gr of mice body weight and Rhodamine B. On the 17th day, mice were sacrificed by neck dislocation. After that, the kidney was dissected out and made for preparation with paraffin block method and stained with Hematoxilin Eosin (HE). The score of renal cells damage was determined by pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis. The data were analyzed with One-Way ANOVA test (α = 0.05) and Least Significant Differences (LSD) test (α = 0.05). Results:The result of One-Way ANOVA test showed that there was a significant difference in score of renal cells (p < 0.05). LSD test showed a significant difference in score of renal cells (p < 0.05) across all pair groups. Conclusions:Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) fruit juice showed nephroprotector effect against renal cell histological damage in mice induced by Rhodamine B. Keywords:Strawberry fruit juice, Rhodamine B, renal cell histological damage.
The Protection Effect of Centella asiatica L.Urban extract on the Kidney Histological Structure of Mice (Mus musculus ) induced by toxic doses of paracetamol Sakti, Berlian Permata; ., Muthmainah; Febrinasari, Ratih Puspita
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Centella asiatica L.Urban contains antioxidant compounds such as triterpenoid, essential oil and flavonoid. The compounds have significant activities to reduce oxidative stress that can make damage of kidney cells. This study aimed to investigate protection effect of Centella asiatica L.Urban extract on the kidney histological structure of mice (Mus musculus ) induced by toxic doses of paracetamol. Method: This study was an experimental laboratory research. Samples were 30 mice, Swiss webster type, 2-3 weeks old and ± 20 grams of weight. Samples were divided into 5 groups, each group consisted of 6 mice (Mus musculus). The control group (KK) was given no treatment, just regular feed. Induction group (KI) was induced by paracetamol but did not get any treatment, just got distilled water. KP1, KP2, and KP3 groups induced by paracetamol got treatment with Centella asiatica L.Urban extract at a dose of 5 mg, 10 mg and 20 mg per 20 gram of body weight. Kidney histological damage were assessed by the sum of the cell nucleus pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc multiple comparison test. Result: The ANOVA test for all groups showed that p value was 0.000 (p < 0.05). The post hoc multiple comparisons test showed the significant differences between group KK-KI, KK-KP1, KK-KP2, KK-KP3, KI-KP1, KI-KP2, KI-KP3, KP1-KP2, KP1-KP3, and KP2-KP3. Conclusion: Centella asiatica L.Urban extract has a protection effect to kidney histological structure of mice (Mus musculus) induced by paracetamol. Keyword : Centella asiatica L.Urban, paracetamol, kidney damage.
The Effects of Propolis Ethanol Extract on The Decreasing Number of The Mouse’s Spermatids Induced by Cigarette’s Smoke Sutikno, Mugi Tri; Muthmainah, .; Pesik, Riza Novierta
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background:The propolis ethanol extract contains flavonoid, terpenoid, Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE), vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E which are potential for being antioxidant to protect the spermatids from the danger of free radical. The aims of this research were to know the effects of propolis ethanol extract on the decreasing number of the mouse’s spermatids induced by cigarette’s smoke and to know the effect of dosage raising level of the propolis ethanol extract towards the research subject. Methods:This research was a laboratory experiment using the posttest only controlled group design. The sampels were 25 Swiss Webster mice (age around 2-3 months and approximately 20 grams of weight). They were classified into 5 groups which consisted of 5 mice in each group. KK group was without any intervention. KI group was only induced by the cigarette’s smoke. KP1, KP2  and KP3, all were induced by the cigarette’s smoke and in a row, got 5.6 mg (dosage level I), 11.2 mg (dosage level II) and 16.8 mg (dosage level III) of propolis ethanol extract. These interventions were done for two weeks. The decreasing number of spermatids was counted through the inspection under microscope and counting of five chosen rounded-looks seminiferous tubules. The data were analyzed by One-Way ANOVA test and Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons test. Results:The result of One-way ANOVA p = 0.000 (p < α) showed differences between each research groups. The Post Hoc test of the spermatid’s number showed significant differences between KK-KI, KK-KP1, KK-KP2, KK-KP3, KI-KP1, KI-KP2, KP1-KP2, KP1-KP3, KP2 -KP3 groups but KI and KP3 wasn’t. Conclusions:The propolis ethanolic extract can inhibit the decreasing number of the mouse’s spermatids which is induced by cigarette’s smoke and the raising dosage from 5.6 mg to 11.2 mg is the succeeded dosage to inhibit the decreasing number of the spermatids. Keywords: propolis ethanol extract, spermatid, mouse, cigarette’s smoke.
The Correlation between Estimation of Cranial Capacity and Working Memory Capacity in Elementary Students in Surakarta Sari, Reza Yunita; Wiyono, Nanang; Iryawan, Andri
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: In children, the increasing of cranial capacity and the maturation of working memory capacity happen. The increasing of cranial capacity is driven by the growth of brain. The growth and the maturation of brain will influence someone’s intelligence. The working memory capacity is one of the most important domains of intelligence. This research aimed to determine the correlation  between the estimation of cranial capacity and the working memory capacity. Methods: This research was a descriptive analytical study which used cross sectional approach. The subjects of this study were 5th grade students at Kristen Manahan Elementary School. This research was done in 36 males of students by measuring cranial capacity and doing Reading Span Test for measuring working memory capacity. The collected data were analyzed with the Saphiro Wilk Normality Test and the Pearson Correlation. Results: The result of analysis showed r = 0.367 and p = 0.027, which meant that there was weak-powered correlation between the estimation of cranial capacity and the working memory capacity in the elementary students in Surakarta and this correlation was statistically significant. Conclusions: From this research, it is concluded that there is statistically significant correlation between the estimation of cranial capacity and the working memory capacity in the elementary students in Surakarta (r = 0.367). Keywords: Estimation of cranial capacity; working memory capacity; elementary student
The Effect of Propolis’ Ethanolic Extract on Serum Malondialdehyde level of mice Balb/c induced by cigarette smoke Putra, Riyan Angga; Prasetyo, Diding Heri; Pesik, Riza Novierta
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: Propolis ethanolic extract contains many kind of potent antioxidant substances, such as resveratrol, chrysin  and  caffeic  acid  in abundant quantities. These cause Propolis owns prosperity to be antioxidant and antiinflamation agent which are able to fight against free radical effect of cigarette smoke, thus lipid peroxidation wont exist and the Malondialdehyde (MDA) formation can be banned.  The objective of this research was to prove the effect of Propolis ethanolic extract on serum MDA level of mice balb/c which were induced by cigarette smoke. Methods: This was a laboratory experimental research the post test only control group design. Samples were twenty five mice, Swiss webster type (age 6-8 weeks; weight 20-30 gram) divided into 5 groups, each group had five mice. Mice for Control Group (KK) and Induction Group (KI) were administered by distilled water. While, the First Treatment Group (KP1), the Second Treatment Group (KP2) and the Third Treatment Group (KP3) were administered Propolis ethanol extract by dose 5.6 mg, 11.2 mg and 16.8 mg per 20 g of body weight of mice respectively. All groups except KK, were induced by smoke of one cigarette stick per day before extract administration. This research was done for 14 days. On day 15th, all mice were sucked the blood, then the MDA level were measured. The data were analyzed by using One-Way ANOVA (α = 0.05) and continued by Post Hoc test (α = 0.05). Results: The results of One-Way ANOVA test showed that there was significant difference among four-groups. Post Hoc test results showed there was significant difference among all groups. Conclusion: The administration of Propolis ethanolic extract of dose 5.6 mg/20 g of body weight of mice can decrease the serum malondialdehyde level of mice Balb/c which are induced by cigarette smoke significantly. Keywords: Propolis, Cigarette smoke, Malondialdehid level

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