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Nexus Biomedika
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
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Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue " Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Biomedika" : 8 Documents clear
Effect of Meniran Extract (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) on Histological Structure Damage in Mice (Mus musculus Linn.) Induced by Paracetamol Aurika, Denalia; Yudhani, Ratih Dewi; Muthmainah, Muthmainah
Nexus Biomedika Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction: Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) is a liver injury caused by drug toxicity. About 41 out of 100.000 people suffer liver damage due to DILI. Most of this injury caused by excessive use of paracetamol. Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) contains antioxidants that can protect liver from damage. The aim of this research was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of meniran extract on histological damage in liver cells induced by paracetamol. Methods: This was laboratory experimental research with post test only controlled group design. This research was conducted in Histology Laboratory FK UNS. Samples were 30 mice obtained by purposive sampling which characteristics were Swiss webster type, male, 2-3 months old, ± 20 gr of each weight. Samples divided randomly into 5 groups, each group has six mice. The normal group (KN) was given distilled water only. The negative control group (KK (-)) was given paracetamol toxic dose only. The positive control group (KK (+)) was given Curcuma® and paracetamol toxic dose. A gradual dose (2.8 mg and 5.6 mg) of meniran extract was given daily to the first treatment group (KP 1) and second treatment group (KP 2) for 14 days respectively and added with paracetamol toxic dose (5 mg) on day 8th to 14th orally. On day 15th, mice were sacrificed and liver were taken for preparation with HE staining. Liver cells damage was identified by counting nucleus with pyknosis, karryorhexis, and karyolysis from 100 liver cells. Data was analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons-LSD (α = 0.05). Results: One-Way ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between 5 groups (p < 0.05). Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons-LSD showed that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) between KN-KK (-), KN-KK (+), KN-KP 1, KN-KP 2, KK (-)-KK (+). KK (-)-KP 1, KK (-)-KP 2, KK (+)-KP 1, KP 1-KP 2, but there was not significant difference between KK (+)-KP 2 (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Meniran extract has hepatoprotective effect on histological structure damage of mice’s liver cells induced by paracetamol in a dose dependent manner. Keywords: Phyllanthus niruri, paracetamol, liver cells histologic damage 
Effect of Ethanol Extract of Soursop (Annona muricata Linn.) Leaves on Intestinal Motility of Mice (Mus musculus) Induced by Oleum Ricini Alvirosa, Agil Noviar; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri; Suparyanti, Endang Listyaningsih
Nexus Biomedika Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction: Diarrhea is one of major problem in the world. There are about 2 billion cases of diarrhea with a mortality rate of 1.5 million per year in the world. Diarrhea is the first cause of death in infants and toddler, while in all age groups is the fourth leading cause of death in Indonesia. One of the pathogenesis of diarrhea is an increase of intestinal motility. Leaves of soursop (Annona muricata Linn.) contains tannins, flavonoids and steroids which effect of intestinal antimotility. This study aims to prove that the ethanol extract of soursop leaves may inhibit intestinal motility in mice induced by oleum ricini. Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental with posttest only controlled group design. Samples were 30 Swiss Webster male mice, aged 2-3 months, and weight ± 20 g. The samples were divided into 5 groups, namely Negative Control Group (KKN), Positive Control Group (KKP), Treatment I Group (KP1), Treatment II Group (KP2), and Treatment III Group (KP3) were respectively given distilled water; loperamide HCl; ethanol extract of soursop leaves with dose of 5.6 mg/20 g BW; dose of 11.2 mg/20 g BW; and dose of 22.4 mg/20 g BW. After 60 minutes, all of mice were given oleum ricini and it was waited until 45 minutes. Then all of mice were given 10.0% activated carbon suspension in 3.0% pulvis gummi arabicum and left for 20 minutes. Furthermore, the mice were sacrificed by spinal dislocation and their intestines were removed. Length of intestine through by activated carbon marker was measured and compared to the length of intestine entirely. Data were analyzed by One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons LSD (α = 0.05). Results: One Way ANOVA test results showed significant differences between the five groups with p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). The test results Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons LSD showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between KKN and KKP (p = 0.000), KKN and KP2 (p = 0.000), KKN and KP3 (p = 0.000); whereas there is no significant difference (p > 0.05) between KKP and KP3 (p = 0.810). Conclusion: The ethanol extract of soursop (Annona muricata Linn.) leaves can inhibit intestinal motility in mice (Mus musculus) induced by oleum ricini. Keywords: soursop leaves, oleum ricini, intestinal motility 
Screening The Effectiveness of Meniran’s Leaf Extract (Phyllanthus niruri L.), Pepaya (Carica papaya L.), and Kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) as Antidengue In Vitro Ummiyati, Hutami Sri; Febrinasari, Ratih Puspita; Saptawati, Leli
Nexus Biomedika Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction: Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease that is caused by dengue virus. There were 71.668 DHF cases with 641 mortalities in Indonesia which was recorded from early January to mid-December 2014. Recently, DHF doesn’t have a specific therapy. The aim of this study was screening about natural extracts in Indonesia as antidengue. Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental research with dengue virus serotype 2 strain New guinea C (DENV2 NGC) as a subject. This virus was infected into Huh-7 cell line. The study was conducted in 2 parts. First, dengue virus solution was mixed with natural extract and then this solution was infected to Huh-7 cell monolayer to obtain percent infectivity by FFU assay. Second,the natural extract was exposed to Huh-7 cell monolayer to obtain percent viability by MTT assay. The effective extract was selected if the extract had average percent infectivity £ 20% and average percent viability > 50%. Results: The percentage of viability of meniran’s leaf extract (Phyllanthus niruri L.), papaya (Carica papaya L.), and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) were 96.2%, 97.5%, and 88.7% respectively. While their average percentage of infectivity were 63.9%, 10.5%, and 53.6%. Conclusion: The papaya’s leaf extract (Carica papaya L.) was effective as antidengue in vitro. Keywords: DENV2 NGC,dengue,  meniran, papaya’s leaf, turmeric 
Antifungal Effect of Ascaris suum, Goeze Pseudocoelom and Perienteric Body Fluid to Candida albicans, (C.P. Robin) Berkhout In Vitro Jayadisastra, Zakka Zayd Zhullatullah; Sari, Yulia; Haryati, Sri
Nexus Biomedika Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction: Ascaris suum, Goeze pseudocoelom and perienteric body fluid is suggested to have antifungal effect to Candida albicans, (C.P. Robin) Berkhout because of Ascaris suum antibacterial factor (ASABF) which presents in pseudocoelom body fluid and neuropeptide-like protein 29 and caenacin-2 which present in perienteric body fluid. This research is conducted to prove the antifungal effect of Ascaris suum, Goeze pseudocoelom and perienteric body fluid to Candida albicans, (C.P. Robin) Berkhout in vitro. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental research. Candida albicans, (C.P. Robin) Berkhout speciments were tested using Ascaris suum, Goeze pseudocoelom and perienteric body fluid with concentration of each were 80%, 90%, and 100%. Specimens were incubated in temperature of 37oC for 24 hours and the inhibitory zone was measured. Result: Ascaris suum, Goeze pseudocoelom and perienteric body fluid didn’t create any inhibitory zone in Candida albicans, (C.P. Robin) Berkhout inoculation. Conclusion: Ascaris suum, Goeze pseudocoelom and perienteric body fluid didnt have antifungal effect to Candida albicans, (C.P. Robin) Berkhout. Keywords: Candida albicans, Ascaris suum, Pseudocoelom Body Fluid, Perienteric Body Fluid. 
The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Sweet Leaves (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) to The Mortality of Anopheles aconitus L. Third Instar Larvae Purnomo, Adi; Haryati, Sri; Sakiman, FX Bambang Sukilarso
Nexus Biomedika Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction: Use of chemical insecticide to kill Anopheles aconitus L. mosquitoes can cause many side effects and resistances for the mosquitoes, thus natural larvicide is needed to kill Anopheles aconitus L. larvae. Sweet leaves contain substances that can be used as larvicide. Therefore, the aim of research is to investigate how ethanol extract of sweet leaves affects to the mortality of Anopheles aconitus L. third instar larvae. Methods: This research used laboratory experimental design with posttest only controlled group design. The subject of this research was Anopheles aconitus L. third instar larva which was divided into 7 groups. Each group contained 25 larvae and the research was repeated 4 times. The negative control group contained 100 ml of water only. The other six groups contained different number of ethanol extract of sweet leaves: 0.06%, 0.14%, 0.22%, 0.30%, 0.38%, and 0.46% (mg/100ml). Observation was done after 24 hours and the number of dead larvae was counted. Linear Regression and Probit Regression were used to analyze data. Results: Linear Regression test showed that increasing of the ethanol extract of sweet leaves affected to the increasing of Anopheles aconitus L’ mortality based on Y = 0.02 + 2.12X formula. The R correlation score was 0.98 and R2 score was 0.96 thus it meant that percentage of ethanol extract of sweet leaves (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) to kill larvae was 96% and the rest 4% was affected by other variables. Probit Regression test showed that LC50 was at 0.19% mg and LC99 was at 0.56%. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of sweet leaves (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) has effect to the mortality of Anopheles aconitus L. third instar larvae paralleled to the increasing of ethanol extract. The LC50 is at 0.19%, the LC99 is at 0.56% Keywords: sweet leaves (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.), Anopheles aconitus L. third instar larvae, mortality 
Screening Effectiveness of The Leaf Extract of Psidium guajava, Euphorbia hirta, and Piper betle L. as Antidengue FAZA, AGYA GHILMAN; ., Hudiyono; Febrinasari, Ratih Puspita
Nexus Biomedika Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by dengue virus which commonly found in the tropic and sub-tropic region. Nowadays, the main treatment of DHF is supporting therapy by giving a replacement fluid. However, the number of cases and deaths due to dengue infection in Indonesia still high enough. Another solution to fix this problem is using Indonesian’s native plants which potentially has antiviral effect for dengue virus, such as guava leaf (Psidium guajava), patikan kerbau leaf (Euphorbia hirta), and betel leaf (Piper betle L.). The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the leaf extract of guava (Psidium guajava), patikan kerbau (Euphorbia hirta), and betel (Piper betle L.) as antidengue in vitro. Methods: This study was laboratory experimental research. The subject of this research was dengue virus serotype 2 strain New Guinea C (DENV2 NGC) which was infected into Huh-7 cell line. The study was held in two places, they were Virology and Biology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia and Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematic and Science, Sebelas Maret University. The study was conducted in 2 parts. First, dengue virus solution was mixed with herbal extract in well which its bottom contained Huh-7 cell monolayer to obtain percent infectivity by FFU assay. Second, Huh-7 cell monolayer was exposed to the herbal extract solution to obtain percent viability by MTT assay. The effectiveness of herbal extract was based on two criterias, there were average percent infectivity £ 20% and average percent viability > 50%. Results: The leaf extract of Psidium guajava, Euphorbia hirta, and Piper betle L. have average percent infectivity respectively: 7.4%, 65.3%, and 68.4%. While the average percent viability of them were: 88.7%, 95.3%, 96.2%. Conclusion: The leaf extract of Psidium guajava is effective as antidengue in vitro. Keywords: Psidium guajava, Euphorbia hirta, Piper betle L., dengue virus serotype 2 strain New guinea C (DENV2 NGC), Huh-7 cell
ScreeningEffectiveness of The Extract of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), Serai (Cymbopogon citrates) and Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) as Dengue AntiviralIn Vitro Luthfiani, Sarah; Yudhani, Ratih Dewi; Saptawati, Leli
Nexus Biomedika Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction: Dengue virus infection isone of the emergency infectious diseases in the world. Morbidity and mortality of dengue fever in Indonesia is relatively high.There is no specific therapy for dengue infection. The main treatment principle of dengue infection is supportive therapy such as replacement of body fluids. Indonesia has natural product which can be potential as an antiviral for dengue therapy, such as sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), serai (Cymbopogon citrates) and meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.). The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of the extract of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), serai (Cymbopogon citrates) and meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) as dengue antiviral  in vitro. Methods:This study was a laboratory experimental research using dengue virus serotype 2 strain New guinea C (DENV2 NGC) which was infected into Huh-7 cell line as the subject of the research. This researchwas conducted in 2 parts. First ,inhibition test of the extract against DENV2 was assessed by the percentage of infectivity with Focus Forming Unit assay method . Second ,toxicity test of the extracts in HuH - 7 cells was assessed by the percentage of viability by MTT assay method. Effective herbs extract as a dengue antiviral was an extract that had average percentage of infectivity£20% and average percentage of viability > 50%. Results: The extracts of sambiloto, serai, and meniranhad average percentage of infectivity: 53.8%; 114.4%; and 51.9%respectively. While the average percentage of viability were: 105.9%; 95.7%; and 98.6%respectively. Conclusion: The extracts of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), serai (Cymbopogon citrates), and meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) were not effective as dengue antiviral in vitro. Keywords: Andrographis paniculata, Cymbopogon citrates, Phyllanthus niruri L., DENV2 NGC,HuH-7.  
Bilimbi Fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) Extract Protects Liver from Damage Induced by Reheated Palm Oil on Mice (Mus musculus) Labibi, Muhammad Hilmy; ., Suyatmi; Afifah, Zulaika Nur
Nexus Biomedika Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction: Liver diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis hepatis, and fatty liver disease are serious health problem worldwide. Stress oxidative is involved in the pathogenesis of the diseases. Bilimbi fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) contains flavonoid, triterpenoid saponin, vitamin A, and vitamin C which might protect the liver from stress oxidative. This research aimed to know the effect of Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. extract on the liver damage induced by reheated palm oil on mice. Methods: This was an experimental laboratory research with the post test only controlled group design. This research used 30 male Swiss webster mice aged 2-3 months and weighed ±20 g weight divided randomly and equally into 5 groups. The normal control group (KKn) was given distilled water, the exposure group (KKp) was given reheated palm oil, and the 1st,2nd3rd treatment group (KP1, KP2, KP3) were given ethanolic extract of Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. in dose 5.6 mg, 11.2 mg, and 22.4 mg respectively. The induction for liver damage was done by giving reheated palm oil afterward. These treatments were given for 14 days. Mice were sacrificed on the 15th day by neck dislocation. The liver were obtained for preparation with paraffin block method and stained with HE. The Liver damage was assessed by quantifying of necrotic cells of each 100 cells in the centrolobular zone. Data was analyzed using One-Way ANOVA test and followed by Post Hoc test (α=0,05). Results: Mean of necrotic cells for KKn, KKp, KP1, KP2, and KP3 were 5.17±1.53; 78.08±4.74; 40.33±6.34; 30.17±6.29; and 19.00±5.89 cells respectively. One-Way ANOVA test showed a significant differences of liver damage score among five groups, *p=0.000. The results of Post Hoc test also showed significant difference between pairs of all group (*p =0.000). Conclusion: Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.extract protected liver from damage induced by reheated palm oil on mice. Keywords: Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. extract, reheated palm oil, liver histological damage 

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