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Nexus Biomedika
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
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Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
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Articles 10 Documents
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Search results for , issue " Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Biomedika" : 10 Documents clear
In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. rubrum) Rhizome Ethanol Extract Against Ascaris suum Goeze RAMADHANI, ASRI KURNIA; SARI, YULIA .; SETYAWAN, SIGIT .
Nexus Biomedika Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction:Ascariasis is one of the high prevalence helminthiasis in Indonesia. This disease has been eradicated by using anthelmintic medication which has some weakness. Red ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. rubrum) contains gingerol, shogaol, saponin and tanin which have anthelmintic activities. This experiment had a purpose to know the anthelmintic effect of red ginger rhizome ethanol extract against Ascaris suum Goeze in vitro. Methods: This study was a quasi experimental research using a posttest only controlled group design.Samples were adult worms 15-30 cm in lenght that actively moved. The sample was divided into 8 groups; each group consists of 4 worms. It was used saline as negative control (KKN), pyrantel pamoate 2,5 mg/ml as reference group (KKP), and extract on 30 mg/ml (KP1), 40 mg/ml (KP2), 50 mg/ml (KP3), 60 mg/ml (KP4), 70 mg/ml (KP5) and 80 mg/ml (KP6) concentration as the treatment groups. The worms were immersed in 50 ml of each solution and incubated on 37°C. The observation was done every 1 hour until all the worms in each group dead. The data obtained was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Mann-Whitney test. Results: The average death time  of Ascaris suum Goeze on KKN was 107.75 hours, on KKP was 1 hour, on KP1, KP2, KP3, KP4, KP5 and KP6 were 21.25 hours, 19.75 hours, 17.75 hours, 16.25 hours, 14 hours and 11 hours respectively. Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference (p<0.05) minimum between two groups. Post hoc Mann-Whitney test showed almost all groups in this study showed a significant difference(p<0.05) of the worms’between neither KP1 and KP2 nor KP3 and KP4. Conclusions: There was an anthelmintic effect of red ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. rubrum) rhizome ethanol extract against Ascaris suum Goeze in vitro. Keywords: Red ginger rhizome ethanol extract, Ascaris suum Goeze  
Exposure Effect of Al-Qur’anMurattalon Spatial Memory on Albino Rat (Rattus novergicus) Haridhi, Abdurrahman Afa; Wiyono, Nanang; Hastami, Yunia; Muthmainah, Muthmainah
Nexus Biomedika Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction: Al Quran is Allah Subhanahuwata’ala’s words which was sent as a miracle to Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu’alaihiwasallam as a guidance for mankind. Listening to Quran recitation (murattal) is known to increase the activity of alpha wave better than listening to classical music. In the previous study, listening to classical music is known to expand the spatial memory of albino rats. This study aimed to determine the effect of Al-Qur’an murattal exposure on albino rat’s (Rattus norvegicus)spatial memory.  Methods: This experimental study was conducted in the Anatomy and Embryology Laboratory at FK UNS. A total of 14 male Wistar rats aged 14-21 days old were used as samples in this experiment.Samples were divided into control group (KK)and intervention group (KP) using randomized technique. KPwas exposed tomurattalaudio fromsurah Al-Baqarahby Syaikh Fahd Al-Kanderi through active speaker 12 hours/day for 28 days. The soundintensity ranged from 65-80dB was measured using sound level meter. The level of spatial memory was tested using Morris Water Maze test on the 29th to 33rdday. Probe test and sensorimotoric test was conducted on the 34th day. The resultthen analyzed with Independent t-Test and Mann Whitney (α = 0,05). Results: Spatial learning test shows average escape latency in KKand KP on the 1st dayat 35.55 and 33.20 seconds (s) respectively(p = 0.545), 2nd day (20.67s and 20.75s, p = 0.989), 3rd day (12.32s and 11.83s, p = 1.000), 4th day (15.78s and 10.37s, p = 0.036), 5th day (10.85s and 13.75s, p = 0,567). The probe test showed a significant difference (13,12s and 17.27s, p = 0,012) and sensorimotoric test did not show any significant difference (5.71s and 6.00s, p = 0,823). Conclusion: The Probe Test result indicated that Al-Qur’an murattal exposure increases the Spatial Memory persistence in Rats (Rattus norvegicus). Keywords: murattal Al-Qur’an, spatial memory, Morris Water Maze 
The Antifungal Effect of Essential Oils of Curcuma mangga Rhizomes on Candida albicans Growth In Vitro Khairunnisa, Afifah Syifa; Haryati, Sri; Setyawan, Sigit
Nexus Biomedika Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Candida albicans is a normal flora that can be turned into a pathogen on an immunocompromised person. Candida sp. infection, or commonly referred to candidiasis, can be treated with azole group such as fluconazole. Fluconazole has some side effects like gastrointestinal disorders, urticarial rash, and eosinophilia. The fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans has also been reported several times, so future research about antifungal substance is needed. Curcuma mangga’s essential oils contain some substances which has antifungal effect (caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, β-pinene). The objective of this study is to know the antifungal effect of essential oil of Curcuma mangga rhizomes on Candida albicans growth in vitro. Methods: The study was quasi experimental laboratory with post test only group design study and have been performed in Parasitology Laboratory Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. The subject of this study was Candida albicans taken from clinical sample with random sampling. Curcuma mangga’s essential oils which used in this study were diluted with ethanol 70% into various concentrations (1,5%, 2%, 2,5%, 3%, 3,5%). Subject was inoculated on Sabboraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) media with 6 mm diametric well, filled with each type of essential oil concentration. Inhibition zone diameter as the data was analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney statistical test. Result: The antifungal effect of 2,5% until 3% concentration of Curcuma mangga rhizome’s essential oils  equals with the antifungal effect of ketoconazole 25µg/mL and in 3,5% concentration of  Curcuma mangga rhizome’s essential oils exceed the antifungal effect of ketoconazole 25µg/mL. Conclusions: Essential oils of Curcuma mangga rhizomes have antifungal effect on Candida albicans growth in vitro. Keywords: Curcuma mangga Val., essential oils, Candida albicans 
The Effect of Drumstick/Horseradish (Moringa oleiferaLam) Leaves Ethanol Extract to The Mortality of Anopheles aconitus L. Larvae Maung, Yuzana; Handayani, Sutartinah Sri; .........., Lukman Aryoseto
Nexus Biomedika Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction: The use of synthetic insecticides to control Anopheles aconitus L. vector has negative impacts to nature dan resistancy, so it is necessary to use botanical larvicides as alternative substance to replace synthetic insecticides. Drumstick/Horseradish (Moringa oleifera Lam) leavesare loaded with saponin, tanin, flavonoid, dan alkaloid which have larvicide effects. The aim of this research was to find out the effect of Moringa oleifera Lam leaves ethanol extract on mortality of Anopheles aconitus L. larvae. Methods: This research is theexperimental laboratoricwith posttest only control group design which was conductedon 08-17 November 2016 at B2P2VRP, Salatiga, Central Java. In this research, ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera Lam leaves was used as larvicide to Anopheles aconitus L. third instar larvae. Larva was divided into 6 groups, each group contained 25 larvaes. For one control group was added 100ml distilled water,while the other 5 groups were added different concentration level of Moringa oleifera Lam leaves ethanol extract (1, 10, 20, 30, 40 mg per 100 ml of distilled water). Each test groups were repeated 4 times in this research. Observation was conducted after 48 hours exposure of extract and the numbers of larvae mortility were counted ofeach experimental group. The data were analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis dan Probit tests. Results:The result of data analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test indicates that there was significant difference on theaverage mortility of Anopheles aconitus L. larvae among 6 experimental groups. The result of Probit analysis indicate 50% of larvae mortality in 83.675 mg/100 ml (LC50) and 90% in 15318.159 mg/100 ml (LC90). Conclusions:Drumstick/Horseradish (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves ethanol extract has mortalityeffect on Anopheles aconitus L. third instar larvae. Keywords: ethanol extract of Drumstick/Horseradish leaves, larvicide, Anopheles aconitus L. third instar larvae 
The Combined Effects of Garlic Extracts (Allium sativum) and Olive Oil (Olea europaea) on Cholesterol Levels Pramono, Anindita Hasna Intan; Ediningsih, Endang
Nexus Biomedika Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction:Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases that cause 56% of ischemic heart disease. The increasing prevalence of degenerative diseases raise the trend of people to seek treatment that is less expensive and easier to obtain, such as garlic extracts (Allium sativum) and olive oil (Olea euopaea). This study aimed to determine the effect of the combination of garlic extracts and olive oil to decrease blood cholesterol levels. Methods: This study was experimental with pretest and posttest controlled group design, performed at the Laboratory of Pharmacology University of Setia Budi Surakarta. The subjects were 30 male rats (Rattus norvegicus), aged 3 months, weighing less than 200 grams, were divided into 5 groups randomly. All groups received high cholesterol diet 14 days before pretest and 28 days during the treatment period. Group I as a negative control untreated. Group II as a positive control group received simvastatin 0,18 mg, Group III, IV and V received a dose of garlic extract successively 0.08 g, 0.16 g and 0.24 g and 0.45 ml dose of olive oil. The data was analyzed using Kruskal Wallis test, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon. Results: The result showed the decreasing of total cholesterol (p = 0.015) and LDL (p = 0.014) were significant before and after treatment in each treatment group. In the positive control group did show a significant reduction in total cholesterol compared with the treatment group I (p = 0.347), II (p = 0.251), and III (p = 0.347). While the levels of LDL decline in the positive control group and the treatment also did not differ significantly, with the value of the treatment group I (p = 0.347), II (p = 0.465), and III (p = 0.347). Conclusion:Garlic extracts (Allium sativum) and olive oil can lower blood cholesterol levels of white rats (Rattus norvegicus)similar withsimvastatin effect. Keywords: blood cholesterol, garlic extracts, olive oil  
Diuresis Effect Comparison between Leaf Extract of Orthosiphon aristatus and Hydroclorotiazidto Male White Rat (Rattus novergicus) HERWANLISTANTO, ANGGIE; Ediningsih, Endang; Ma’rufah, Siti
Nexus Biomedika Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Introduction: Kumis kucing leaf containing flavonol which can generate diuresis effect with increasing the excretion of natrium and chlorine. The purpose of this research was to know how did the diuresis effect of kumis kucing leaf extrack compared to hydroclorotiazid. Methods: The research was a laboratory experimental analytic study with posttest only control group design. The research subject was a number of 30 male white rats of wistar strain, aged about 2-3 months old and 150-200 grams of weight, which divided into five treatment groups. Group 1was given 2 ml CMC 1% as negative control, group 2 was given 0.32 mg hydroclorotiazid in 2 ml aquadest as positive control, group 3 was given kumis kucing leaf extract dose I (50 mg in 2 ml CMC 1%), group 4 was given kumis kucing leaf extract dose II (100 mg in 2 ml CMC 1%), group 5 was given kumis kucing leaf extract dose III (200 mg in 2 ml CMC 1%). Rats urine volume was measured every 6 hours for 24 hours observation. Result:The average measurements of rat urine volume for 24 hours showedthat group negative control had average volume3.387±1.435 ml, the average volume of positive control was7.307±0.607 ml,the average volume group dose I was 2.900±0.350 ml, the averagevolume group dose II was 3.490±0.311 mlanddose III had average volume 5.433±0.641 ml. Result of anova statistical calculation showed there are significant difference urine volume in those five groups (p <0.05). Conclution:The research conclude that kumis kucing leaf extract had diuresis effect lower than hydroclorotiazid therapeutical dose. Keyword: kumis kucing leaf extract, hydroclorotiazid, diuresis 
Antiviral Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Red Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber officinale Linn var. rubrum) Against Dengue Virus In Vitro Pramalista, Natasha Ninda; Prasetyo, Afiono Agung; Yudhani, Ratih Dewi
Nexus Biomedika Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Biomedika
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 Introduction: Dengue virus is a type of virus that causes various reactions, from asymptomatic infection to harmful manifestations, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Currently, the treatments of DHF cases have been limited to symptomatic and supportive therapies only. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new strategies in facing these cases. One of them is by using natural ingredients with antiviral potential. The aim of this study is to understand the antiviral effects of the ethanol extract of red ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale Linn var. rubrum) against dengue virus in vitro.   Methods : The subject of this research was Dengue virus serotype 2 strain New guinea C (DENV-2 NGC) which was infected into Huh-7 cell line. The research was divided into 2 parts. The first was inhibition test of the extract against DENV-2 which was assessed by average of infectivity percentage with Focus Forming Unit assay method. The second was toxicity test of the extract in Huh – 7 cells which was assessed by average of viability percentage by MTT assay method. The herb extract effective as a Dengue antivirus was defined by average infectivity percentage of ≤ 20% and average viability percentage of > 50%. Results: Ethanolic extract of Red Ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale Linn var. Rubrum) with concentration 80, 40, 20, 10, 5, 2.5 µg/ml had average percentage of infectivity respectively: 9.2% ; 25.3% ; 32.3% ;47.5% ; 66.6% ; 73.4%. While the average percentage of viability were: 92.2% ; 94.3% ; 96.7 % ; 99.6% ; 102.7% ; 105.9%. Conclusions: Ethanolic extract of rhizome Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale Linn var. Rubrum) is not effective in inhibiting the replication of dengue virus serotype DENV-2 in vitro because it has the average infectivity percentage ≥ 20 and has no toxic effects on cells Huh-7 because it has the average viability percentage > 50. Key Words: Zingiber officinale Linn var. rubrum, Dengue virus, DENV-2, Huh-7 cell line.  
Effect of Kersen Leaf (Muntingia calabura) Ethyl Acetate Extract on Blood Uric Acid Levels Dezmonda, Raynalda Chriesmart; Ediningsih, Endang
Nexus Biomedika Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Introduction: Kersen leaves are known to contain various kinds of active substances one of which is a flavonoid, a type of flavonoid that is quersetin have a  function as lowering uric acid levels through inhibition of the enzyme xanthine oxidase. This study aims to find out Kersen leaves (Muntingia calabura) Ethyl Acetate Extract Effect on Blood Uric Acid Levels in Mice (Mus muculus) Male with Hyperuricaemia Model. Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory with post test only control group design. A sample of male mice, aged 2-3 months, body weight ± 25-40 grams. The subjects were male mice 24 individuals, were divided into six groups randomly. Group I as normal control, group II as negative control received caffeine 0.42 mg and 0.5ml chicken liver juice orally. Group III, IV, V and VI received respectively allopurinol treatment 0.2 mg (positive control), kersen leaf extract consecutive doses 12.74 mg, 25.48 mg and 50.96 mg it orally, and induced caffeine 0.42 mg and chicken liver juice 0.5ml orally 1 hour after treatment. Measurement of uric acid levels using a GCU test strip, blood was taken from the mice tail one hour after the induction of hyperuricemia. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed post hoc LSD test Results: The result showed blood uric acid levels throughout the test animals was significantly different (p≤0.05). The test results, post hoc LSD test showed that the positive control group and group IV, V and VI significantly different from the negative groups (p≤0.05) while there was a significant difference in the group IV, V and VI (p ≥ 0.05) with the normal control group and positive control group. Conclusion: All doses can lower uric acid levels of mice significantly. And all three doses did not differ significantly of uric acid levels compare to therapeutic doses of allopurinol. Keywords: Kersen leaves, uric acid, allopurinol, caffeine, quercetin 
Antimicrobial Effect of Ethanol Extract of Red Betel Leaf (Piper crocatum) on the Growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria Wielim, Edbert; ., Marwoto; Afifah, Zulaika Nur
Nexus Biomedika Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background:Red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) as a herbal plant has been exist through generations, and can be trusted to heal many diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cancer, and hemoroid. According to the research, red betel leaf has some compounds that can be used as antibiotics for example like, flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, and essential oil. Klebsiella pneumoniae is one cause of nosocomial infection, which Klebsiella pneumoniae has been resistant to certain antibiotics known as Extended Spectrum b Lactamase (ESBL). The purpose of this research is to know the effect of  Ethanol extract red betel   the Growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Methods: This research was an laboratory experimental with post test only with contro group design, conducted in Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Medicine of Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. The sample were ATCC standard of Klebsilla pneumonia, clinics isolate of ESBL, and clinics isolate of non ESBL. ESBL and biochemical test were attempted  first. After ESBL were proven, the next step was preliminary test and according to preliminary test, 70% ethanol extract of red betel leaf was used for this research. Negative control was ethanol 70%, positive control was cefoperazone+sulbactam, and treatment group was 70% ethanol extract of red beter leaf. Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney were used for analyse the data in this research. Results: According to the research, there was no inhibiton zone that formed on negative control, ethanol extract 70% of clinics isolate of non ESBL, and clinics isolate of ESBL. Inhibition zone formed on ethanol extract 70% of ATCC (10,3 ± 0,57 mm), positive control of ATCC (37,5 ± 1,15 mm), positive control of clinics isolate of non ESBL (36,1 ± 5,63 mm), and positive control of clinics isolate of ESBL (23,9 ± 1,19 mm). Kruskal Wallis showed there was statistically significant difference to all the sample (p= 0,000). Mann Whitney showed there was statistically difference between ethanol extract 70% of ATCC with clinics isolate of ESBL and clinics isolate of non ESBL (p=0,01), positive control of clicnis isolate of ESBL with ATCC (p= 0,219), and ethanol extract 70% of ATCC with positive control of ATCC (p =0,043). Conclusion : There was a different between the growth of all the sample of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Keywords:ethanol extract of red betel leaf, Klebsiella pneumoniae.  
Antifungal Test of Caricature Plant (Graptophyllum pictum [L.] Griff.) Ethanol Extract to The Growth of Candida albicans In Vitro Sari, Victoria Husadani Permata; Haryati, Sri; Setyawan, Sigit
Nexus Biomedika Vol 6, No 1 (2017): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction: Much of data states that there has been resistance to candidiasis therapy drugs. It is necessary to consider candidiasis therapy using alternative medicines. Caricature plant (Graptophyllum pictum [L.] Griff.) investigated because it suspected contains compounds that have the potential against the growth of Candida albicans, such as alkaloid, saponin, tannin and flavonoid. The purpose of this research is to determine the antifungal effect of caricature plant (Graptophyllum pictum [L.] Griff.) ethanol extract to the growth of Candida albicans in vitro. Methods: This type of research is an laboratory experimental, post test only with control group design. Research conducted at the Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Sebelas Maret University. The subject of this research is Candida albicans cultured. The measured variable is the caricature plant (Graptophyllum pictum [L.] Griff.) ethanol extract with concentration 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, and diameter of inhibition zone. The data were taken after incubation at 37°C for 48 hour. Data were analyzed with Pearson correlation test dan one way ANOVA test with Post-Hoc Tamhane test. Results: Pearson correlation test showed that there are positive correlation between the antifungal effect with increase concentration of caricature plant (Graptophyllum pictum [L.] Griff) ethanol extract. There is significant differences between all concentrations with negative control. There is no significant differences between antifungal effects of concentration 35% with ketoconazole. Conclusion: Caricature plant (Graptophyllum pictum [L.] Griff.) ethanol extract starting concentration at 15% has antifungal effect to the growth of Candida albicans. Caricature plant (Graptophyllum pictum [L.] Griff) ethanol extract concentration of 35% is thought to have an equal effect with the antifungal ketoconazole. Keywords: Caricature plant (Graptophyllum pictum [L.] Griff.) ethanol extract, the antifungal effect, Candida albicans 

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