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INDONESIA
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 25409573     EISSN : 25409581     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology (JTBB) is an authoritative source of information concerned with the advancement of tropical biology studies in the Southeast Asia Region. It publishes original scientific work related to a diverse range of fields in tropical biodiversity, functional biology, and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 5 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 4, No 3 (2019): Desember" : 5 Documents clear
Empty Fruit Bunches as Potential Source for Biosilica Fertilizer for Oil Palm Laksmita Prima Santi; Donny Nugroho Kalbuadi; Didiek Hadjar Goenadi
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 4, No 3 (2019): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.38749

Abstract

In Indonesia, the development of oil palm plantations has been going on a pervasive way; they covered about 14.03 million hectares in 2017. This massive coverage of land might then generate a tremendous amount of biomass per year, both in the form of both solid and liquid wastes. The processing of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) in palm oil mill (POM) produces wastes that primarily in the form of empty fruit bunches (EFB), which is amounting of up to 25% (w/w) of FFB. It has been being indicated that EFB contains a considerable amount of silica (Si) which attracts the Indonesian Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioindustry (IRIBB) to investigate the potential use of EFB as a source of bio-available Si, in the form of H4SiO4 (mono silicic acid, BioSilAc). The experiment was carried out at Sungai Mirah Minting Estate, PT Bumitama Gunajaya Agro-Central Kalimantan. The EFB material was obtained from POM and chopped into 2.5-5.0 cm in size. A four-week bio-decomposition process was employed by using bio-decomposers containing Trichoderma pseudokoningii, T. polysporum, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Chemical analyses of composted EFB were conducted before and 28-days after decomposer application. The presence of Si in the compost was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).  The effect of Si-containing EFB compost on the immature and mature oil palm was evaluated. Seven treatments, i.e. combination of EFB compost and BioSilAc application with reduced-dosages of NPK fertilisers were arranged in a random block design with three replicates. The results show that large quantities of silica bodies attached to the surface of EFB fibres and amounting to 0.44% soluble Si. The FFB data indicated that the application of 75% NPK + 500 kg composted EFB + 2 L BioSilAc/ha/year on a five-year-old plant resulted in higher yield than that obtained from 100% standard dosage of NPK. The study also revealed that the application of EFB compost reduced 50% of BioSilAc dosage.
The Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Cashew Fruit Peel on The Liver Histological Structure in Rat (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) Laili Mufli Zusrina; Bambang Retnoaji; Nastiti Wijayanti
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 4, No 3 (2019): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.39275

Abstract

Cashew fruit peel is a waste produced from the cashew nut industry, and it has not been utilized optimally yet. Cashew peel extract has the potential to be used as a contraceptive agent, which capable of reducing reproductive capacity. However, its side effects on other tissue and organ such as liver not clearly studied yet. This study aims to determine the effect of ethanolic extracts of cashew peel on the histological structure of the white rat liver. In this study, 21 female white rats were used and be grouped for control (6 mice) which were treated with CMCMa 0.5% and 15 mice were treated with peel extract of 500 mg/kg body every day for one month. Liver for examination was collected sequentially at 3rd, 5th, 8th, 11th, and 14th of the estrous cycle. The liver was processed for histological observation and stained with Hematoxylin Eosin and Mallory Acid Fuchsin staining solution. The liver hepatocyte was observed for it abnormality and be scored to calculate the number of cell damage or abnormality. The result showed that peel extract-treated mouse liver was similar to control ones; we did not witness any evidence of fibrosis, pyknosis and cellular necrosis on either control or treated mouse. Statistical analysis by SPSS showed that the p-value between the control and treatment groups was 0.078 (> 0.05) so there was no significant difference between control and treatment. It could be concluded that ethanolic extracts of cashew nuts peel with a concentration of 500 mg/kg body weight caused no effect on the mouse liver histological structure. application with reduced-dosages of NPK fertilizers were arranged in a random block design with three replicates. The results show that large quantities of silica bodies attached to the surface of EFB fibers and amounting to 0.44% soluble Si. The FFB data indicated that the application of 75% NPK + 500 kg composted EFB + 2 L BioSilAc/ha/year on a five-year-old plant resulted in higher yield than that obtained from 100% standard dosage of NPK. The study also revealed that the application of EFB compost reduced 50% of BioSilAc dosage.
Kidney Function Test of Female Wistar Rat (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) of Subchronic Toxicity Test of Arthrospira maxima and Chlorella vulgaris Mulyati Mulyati; Anita Yuliana; Slamet Widiyanto
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 4, No 3 (2019): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.42306

Abstract

Arthrospira maxima and Chlorella vulgaris are contained a high protein and antioxidant levels that can be used as functional foods or supplements to improve health. Furthermore, this material needs to be monitored for safety. The aims of this research were determined the subchronic toxicity test of microalgae A. maxima and C. vulgaris on kidney function. Parameters of this research were creatinine levels, urea levels, kidney index, and histological structure of the kidney glomerular. Besides that, the progression of body weight was observed. Five teen female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout,1769) divided into three groups randomly were one control group and two treatment groups using A. maxima and C. vulgaris in the same dose were 2500 mg/kg of body weight. Subchronic toxicity test was conducted by oral gavage every day during 90 days — the measurement of creatinine levels and urea levels on the 30th, 60th, and 90th day. Kidney index and glomerular histology of rat’s kidney was prepared after necropsy at the end of this research. Base on the results, it can be concluded that consume of Arthrospira maxima, and Chlorella vulgaris at 2500 mg/kg of body weight increased creatinine and urea levels. Bodyweight, kidney index, and pathological glomerular cells of histological kidney were still in normal value.
Antlers Characterization for Identification of Deer Species (Family Cervidae) in Indonesia Donan Satria Yudha; M Zulfiqar Meizar Pratama; Rury Eprilurahman
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 4, No 3 (2019): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.45667

Abstract

There are five species of deer (family Cervidae) living in Indonesia today. Male deer possesses antlers, a unique character of male deer. Antlers have economic values for quite a long time. Antler’s growth is influenced by several factors, therefore each species of deer have its own unique antlers’ shape and size. Antler’s identification usually relies on size measurement and overall shape of complete antlers which still attach to the skull. It is difficult to identify shed, broken or individual antler. The purpose of the research is to understand antlers’ morphological characters on each species to become diagnostic characters. Specimens analysed were collections of LIPI and were analysed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using PAST3 software. The results showed each species of deer having their own unique antlers’ character, and so it can be used to determine the species of Indonesian deer. The important structures for identification are relief, pedicle, brow, bez, and main beam.
Genetic Identification of Freshwater Fish Species Through DNA Barcoding from Lake Lebo Taliwang, West Nusa Tenggara Tuty Arisuryanti; Rika Lathif Hasan; Khadija Lung Ayu; Nofita Ratman; Lukman Hakim
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 4, No 3 (2019): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.46256

Abstract

Lake Lebo Taliwang is one of the lakes in the West Nusa Tenggara with high freshwater fish species diversity. However, the species identification of freshwater fish species from Lake Lebo Taliwang using DNA barcoding is very limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify seven samples of freshwater fish species collected from Lake Lebo Taliwang based on COI mitochondrial gene as a DNA barcoding marker and establish library COI sequences of Indonesian freshwater fish. We are using a standard DNA analysis and data obtained from this study was then examined using Nucleotide BLAST and the phylogenetic tree was analyzed using the Neighbour-Joining (NJ) method with Kimura 2 Parameter (K2P) model. The results revealed that among the seven samples of freshwater fishes collected from the Lake Lebo Taliwang, three samples were identified as Anabas testudineus, the other three samples were Barbodes binotatus and one sample was Trichopodus trichopterus. The level of similarity of these freshwater fish samples referred to the database from the GenBank and BOLD was between 98-100%. The NJ tree supports the clade of each species identified in this study. This occurrence indicated that DNA barcoding by using the COI mitochondrial gene was proven to be able to identify the freshwater fish samples accurately.

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