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INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 23389427 EISSN : 23389486 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy (ISSN-e: 2338-9486, ISSN-p: 2338-9427), formerly Majalah Farmasi Indonesia (ISSN: 0126-1037). The journal had been established in 1972, and online publication was begun in 2008. Since 2012, the journal has been published in English by Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Yogyakarta Indonesia in collaboration with IAI (Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia or Indonesian Pharmacist Association) and only receives manuscripts in English. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy is Accredited by Directorate General of Higher Education (DGHE) DIKTI No. 58/DIKTI/Kep/2013.

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Articles 10 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 16 No 2, 2005" : 10 Documents clear

Preparation and antibacterial activity of p-Anisyl ethyl fumarate and ethyl n-phenyl fumaramate ., Jumina; Zulkarnain, Abdul Karim; Mulyono, Panut
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 16 No 2, 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

In order to generate potent C-9154 antibiotic derivatives, it has been conducted the synthesis and antibacterial activity evaluation of p-anisyl ethyl fumarate and ethyl N-phenyl fumaramate. These target molecules were chosen as the former would be a para-methoxy substituted C-9154 derivative, whereas the latter would be an example of unsubstituted C-9154 derivative bearing an amido-ester fumaric side chain.p-Anisyl ethyl fumarate was synthesized from p-anisaldehyde by reduction with NaBH4, condensation of p-anisyl alcohol with maleic anhydride, and esterification of the resulting p-anisyl maleic acid with ethanol in the presence of benzenesulfonic acid as the catalyst. These reactions gave satisfactorily yields (55-81 %) in all steps involved. In the case of ethyl Nphenyl fumaramate, this molecule was synthesized in 84 % yield through condensation of aniline with maleic anhydride, followed by esterification with ethanol in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid.The antibacterial activity test showed that the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of p-anisyl ethyl fumarate and ethyl N-phenyl fumaramate towards Staphyllococcus aureus were 15 and 25 Î¼g/mL. Interestingly, the MIC values of these two compounds towards Eschericia coliwere also 15 and 25 Î¼g/mL respectively. Thus, the data showed that the two C-9154 derivatives obtained are sufficiently potent and possess antibacterial activities which are comparable to the antibacterial activity of C-9154 itself towards Staphyllococcus aureus (12.5 â€“ 37.5 Î¼g/mL) and Eschericia coli (25 â€“ 50 Î¼g/mL).Key words: synthesis, antibacterial activity, fumarate and fumaramate.

Economic evaluation of antibiotic usage for cesarean section in PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Hospital Tri Murti Andayani; Riswaka Sudjaswadi
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 16 No 2, 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

In the developed countries, the incidence of cesarean section year by year increases by 7 –10 %. There have been various kinds of cesarean section in several hospitals. In PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta hospital, the incidence of cesarean section in 2001 increased up to 21 %. There are also various kinds of antibiotics used to deal with cesarean section cases which caused various kinds of medical cost. Therefore, identification of antibiotics cost, which used to deal with cesarean section in PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta hospital was studied.The study was performed by epidemiological survey of cesarean section via patient’s medical record, medicinal cost for treatment and surgery, and patient’s invoice in the year 2000. The study involved recording identification of patients and physicians identities, antibiotics and other medicines used, surgical equipment, cesarean section indications, pharmacy and other cost, duration of staying related to cesarean section.Results showed that the majority of cesarean section has prolonged labour (26%). The majority of antibiotics used in cesarean section is Sulbenicillin injection with Klindamicin oral (31%) and Amoxicillin/potassium clavulanate injection with Amoxicillin oral (23%). Cost of antibiotics were 12.5% - 44.4% of pharmacy expenses and 6.7% - 14.8% of total expenses. No correlation between antibiotics cost and hospital stays.Key words : cost, antibiotic, cesarean section

The bioavailability of furosemide-polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) solid dispersion in male rabbits Ellies Tianti
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 16 No 2, 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Furosemide is a potential diuretic drug usually used for the secondary treatment of hypertension. Unfortunately this agent is very slightly soluble in water, so it has poor bioavailability. The oral administration of drug shows that only 60 % of the dose can be absorbed.The aim of the present study is to increase the bioavailability of furosemide by mixing the furosemide-PEG 4000 solid dispersion (1 : 1) in capsule dosage forms (formula A). The powder of LasixR tablet in capsules was used as a standard reference (formula B), and the original powder of furosemide in capsules was used as control (formula C). All of the formulas contained 40 mg of furosemide.The bioavailability of these formulas was evaluated following oral administration in male rabbits using The Latin Square Cross Over Design, then the plasma furosemide concentrations were analyzed spectrofluorometrically. The results indicated that the bioavailability of furosemide in the formula A was equal to that of the formula B (P > 0,05) or both formulas were bioequivalent. But the Cpmax value of the formula C was significantly lower in comparison with the formulas A and B.Key words: furosemide, solid dispersion, bioavailability.

Evaluation of inhibitory effect of Green Tea effervescent tablet on linoleic acid oxidation Dadan Rohdiana; Sri Raharjo; Murdijati Gardjito
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 16 No 2, 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Evaluation of the inhibitory effect of green tea effervescent tablet (TETH) on linoleic acid oxidation was carried out. TETH had the highest inhibitory effect on linoleic acid as compared with BHA, BHT, α-tocopherol and TETH-C. On tenth days incubation, TETH inhibited of linoleic acid oxidation is 50.64% followed by TETH-C, α-tocopherol, BHT and BHA as 33.83%; 33.40%; 29.51% and 26.39% respectivelly. TETH had a inhibitory effect is 1.5 times more than TETH-C and α-tocopherol or 1.7 and 1.9 times more than BHT and BHA respectivelly.Key words: inhibitory effect, green tea effervescent tablet, linoleic acid oxidation

Solubilization capacity of surfactant due to its different chain length of lipophile and hydrophile Marchaban .
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 16 No 2, 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The aim of the study is to look at the influence of different chain length of hydrophile and lipophile of the surfactants to their solubilization capacity. The solubilization capacity of surfactants with different chain lengths of lipophile and hydrophile has been performed by preparing somesolubilization form formulas, using several kinds of lipophilic chain length, i.e. cetyl (C-16), stearyl (C-18), and oleyl (C=18 with unsaturated chain) alcohols and ethyleneoxyde chain length of 2, 10 and 20 respectively. After preparation, the solubilited forms were then stored at temperature of 25O and 45OC, and observed if there were any solubilization occurred. The results have showed that it needs an optimum length of ethyleneoxyde to have better solubilization; at certain longer ethylenoxyde the longer the length of lipophilic chain, the more solubilization would be, therefore, unsaturated hydrocarbon chain caused diminution of solubilization; whatever the surfactant used as an agent of solubilization, storage at a higher room temperature would facilitate the solubilization to occur.Key words : surfactant, solubilization

Effect of aspirin on pi-class of rat kidney glutathione S-transferase activity Yuniarti, Nunung; Martono, Sudibyo; A.M., Supardjan
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Vol 16 No 2, 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The nonsteroids antiinflammatory compounds like curcumin and its analogues, indomethacine, and sulfasalazin have been reported to have an inhibitory effect on GST activity on an in vitro study. The aim of this research is to find out the effect of aspirin on pi-class of rat kidney GST activity in vitro using ethacrynic acid (EA) as a specific substrate for its GST class.Glutathione activity can be measured by conjugating GSH and EA catalyzed with GST. The product can be measured spectrophotometrically to result in a rate (Î absorption/min). With the same method, aspirin was added as an inhibitor. Decreasing conjugation product indicated that there was an inhibitory activity of aspirin.The aspirin inhibitory activity using EA and CDNB (1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene) as substrates are 9,090% (Extrapolated IC50 6665,03 Î¼M) and 14,087% (Extrapolated IC50 4102,0 Î¼M), respectively. These results have shown that aspirin can not inhibit pi-class of rat kidney cytosolic GST activity using EA and CDNB (1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene) as substrates.Key words: aspirin, GSTP, kidney.

The influence of lactose and povidon on the formulation of tablet containing Kaempferia galanga L . extract by a wet granulation method Kuswahyuning, Rina; Soebagyo, Sri Sulihtyowati
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 16 No 2, 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Increasing use of Kaempferia galanga L. (Kencur) as a traditional medicine needs the development of more practical dosage form e.g. tablets. This study was conducted to observe the infuence of lactose as a filler and Povidon as a binding agent to the physical properties of the granules and to determine the optimum tablet formula for Kaempferia galanga L. extract by a wet granulation method. The use of factorial design with 2 factors (lactose and Povidon) and 2 levels (lactose : low level = 300% and high level = 450% of the extract weight, respectively; Povidon : low level = 0.3% and high level = 3% of the extract weight, respectively), it needed four formulas to produce granules of the Kaempferia galanga L. extract. Each of the granules of Kaempferia galanga L. extract was produced by a wet granulation method and was dried at 40-60Â°C for 24 hours. Dry granules were tested on their properties of flowability, compactibillity and water uptake. Â Lactose significantly influenced the compactibillity and the water uptake, whereas Povidon significantly influenced the compactibillity, flowability and water uptake. Based on the contour plots of the physical properties of the granules and total responses, formula using 315% lactose and 2.98% Povidon of the extract weight, respectively, was chosen as the optimum tablet formula. Produced tablets had dark brown colour and weight uniformity with average weight of 373.60 Â± 0.63 mg, hardness of 2.18 Â± 0.192 kg, friability of 0.10 Â± 0.011%, and disintegration time of 4.43 Â± 0.147 minutes.Key words : Kaempferia galanga L. extract, tablet formula, lactose, Povidon

Effect of a selective GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen, on the opioid-induced antinociception and rewarding effect Arief Nurrochmad; Ozaki Masahiko; Yoshinori Yajima; Minoru Narita; Tsutomu Suzuki
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 16 No 2, 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The management of excessive adverse effects is a major clinical problem. Multiple approaches have been described to address this problem. Successful pain management with opioids required the adequate analgesia without excessive side effects. The present study was designed to investigatethe effect of a selective GABAB receptor agonist baclofen on the opioid induced antinociception and rewarding effect. In the present study, we confirmed that either morphine or fentanyl produced a dose dependent antinociceptive effect in mice using tail-flick test. The results demonstratedthat co-administration of baclofen with morphine, fentanyl or oxycodone produced the synergistic effect on antinociception in mice. In the place preference study, we found that baclofen inhibited on morphine or fentanylinduced place preference in rats. These results suggest that coadministrationof baclofen with opioids produce synergistic antinociception with less effects of place preference We propose here that co-administration of baclofen with opioids may pave the way for the new strategy for the control of pain and recommended for the adjuvant drug.Key words : opioid, place preference, rewarding effects, baclofen

Structure and cytotoxic activity relationship of curcumin derivatives on Myeloma cells Supardjan Amir Margono; Muhammad Da’i
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 16 No 2, 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Curcumin is a compound having broad spectrum of biological activities for example as anti-cancer. The aim of this research is to evaluate the relationship of structure and the cytotoxicity effect of curcumin and its derivatives on myeloma cell line. Some alkyl curcumin derivatives have beensynthesized and evaluated for the activity on myeloma cell lines with direct counting method. The IC50 values for curcumin, 4-methyl, 4-ethyl, 4-propyl, 4-isopropyl,4-benzyl, 4-phenyl dan 4-paramethylphenylcurcumin are 8.78, 3.45, 2.93, 2.18, 4.20, 3.87, >100, >100 μM respectively. Its seem that the activity of the curcumin derivatives is corelated to the stabilization of β diketone moiety and positive partial charge of those compound.Key words: Curcumin, myeloma cells, Curcumin derivatives

The influence of vitamin B1 and zinc sulphate to the polysaccharide production of shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) and the immunomodulatory test on lymphocyte cells of Balb/c mice Sasmito, Ediati; Nugroho, Agung Endro; Wijaya, Chyntia Resti
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 16 No 2, 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Mushroom had been used for a long time as medicine. Shiitake (Lentinus edodes) which is known as one kind mushroom of wood, has very large benefit and various advantages. Shiitake consist of polysaccharide, which is known as lentinan, arrange on shape Î²-1,3 glucan with Î²-1,3 and Î²-1,6 glucopyranoside having immunomodulatory properties. These properties are important for treatment of tumor and cancer. The purpose of this research is to increase polysaccharide production in shiitake by adding various concentration of vitamin B1 and 1 mMol zinc sulphate which are known as cofactor on enzymatic reaction of polysaccharide metabolism via pentose phosphate pathway. These cofactor are added on the media of primordial phase of shiitake cultures.The concentration of polysaccharide was determined by modified phenol sulphuric acid test (AOAC Official Method of Analysis No. 988.12) and the immunomodulatory test was conducted by employing lymphocyte cells and the proliferation of these cells was determined by MTT reduction method. The result showed that the maximum production of polysaccharide was reached by adding 8% of vitamin B1 and this was followed by the increase of lymphocyte cells proliferation activity.Key words: shiitake, vitamin B1, zinc sulphate, polysaccharide, lymphocyte, proliferation.

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