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INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 23389427 EISSN : 23389486 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy (ISSN-e: 2338-9486, ISSN-p: 2338-9427), formerly Majalah Farmasi Indonesia (ISSN: 0126-1037). The journal had been established in 1972, and online publication was begun in 2008. Since 2012, the journal has been published in English by Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Yogyakarta Indonesia in collaboration with IAI (Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia or Indonesian Pharmacist Association) and only receives manuscripts in English. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy is Accredited by Directorate General of Higher Education (DGHE) DIKTI No. 58/DIKTI/Kep/2013.

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Articles 9 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 25 No 1, 2014" : 9 Documents clear

SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT OF POORLY WATER SOLUBLE DRUGS Tushar Gohil
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 25 No 1, 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Aqueous solubility is a limiting factor in the oral bioavailability of a certain class of poorly water soluble drugs. A consequence of low aqueous solubility is a slow dissolution rate. For the drugs with low aqueous solubility and high permeability the dissolution rate will be the rate limiting step for absorption. The most successful techniques that are employed for dissolution enhancement are micronization, formulation of amorphous systems and cyclodextrins containing dosage forms. This combined approaches to improve the dissolution of some poorly soluble drugs. Micronization increases the dissolution rate of drugs through increased surface area. The high surface area of drug micro/nano particles renders them thermodynamically unstable, promoting agglomeration and crystal growth. Microparticles of the poorly water soluble drugs were produced by the supercritical antisolvent method and simultaneously mixed with pharmaceutical excipients in a single step to prevent the drug agglomeration of drug particles. In the third approach cyclodextrins (CDs) were used as pharmaceutical solubilizers and inclusion complexes of drugs with β-CD.Key words: micronization, supercritical antisolvent, cyclodextrins

COMPARATIVE REPELLENCY DURATION OF CITRONELLA OIL LOTION (Cymbopogon nardus L.) BETWEEN Culex sp. WITH Aedes sp. AS LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS VECTOR Rita Tjokropranoto
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 25 No 1, 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Lymphatic filariasis is a mosquito borne disease, transmitted by mosquitoes such as Culex, Anopheles, Aedes, Mansonia. Filariasis infection resulting in disability. The important method to avoid being bitten from mosquitoes is by using a repellent. The purpose of this study were to compare repellency duration of citronella oil lotion against Culex sp. to Aedes sp. and to compare its repellency duration to N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). Laboratory experimental design was conducted at each of five men as subjects using five randomly treatments: 20%, 40% citronella oil lotion (COL), lotion base (negative control), 12.5% DEET lotion with one-day time lag. Repellency duration, since the forearm was inserted into the cage until first mosquito land, was assessed using female Culex sp. and Aedes sp, according to modification of Fradin and Day method. Repellency duration was analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD followed by paired t-test level of significance with a=0.05 level of significance at p<0.05. There were highly significant differences (p<0.01) between average repellency duration (minute) of 20%, 40%, 80% COL against Culex sp. and 40%, 80% against Aedes sp. compared to 12.5% DEET. It was concluded that citronella oil lotion was more effective to Culex sp. than that of Aedes sp. Nevertheless the potency of citronella oil lotion was weaker than 12.5% DEET.Key word: lotion citronelle oil, Culex sp., Aedes sp., Filariasis

COMPARTMENTAL MODELING APPROACH OF LOSARTAN TRANSDERMAL TRANSPORT IN VITRO Nugroho, Akhmad Kharis
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 25 No 1, 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Development of losartan in transdermal formulation is important due to its low oral bioavailability. Optimal transdermal formulation requires transport mechanism understanding. This study was aimed to develop and evaluate compartmental modeling of losartan transdermal transport in vitro to fulfil this demand. Losartan solution (10g/L in 20% propylene glycol) was filled into the acceptor phase of a vertical diffusion-cells system. The fresh rat skin (pretreated with oleic acid for 1 hour) was used as the transport membrane separating the donor and the acceptor phase, which was filled with phosphate-buffered-saline pH 7.4. During 30h, samples were collected and analyzed using HPLC method. Four compartmental models were proposed, i.e. models with one (model 1) or two (model 2) lag-compartment(s) either with a zero-order (model A) or a first- order (model B) drug input from donor to the skin. WinSAAM was used to evaluate the models based on the parameters: 1) visual goodness of fit (GOF); and 2) Corrected Akaike's Information Criterion (AICc). Both the GOF and AICc evaluations indicated model 2-A as the best model describing losartan transdermal transport. The model suggested that after reaching the upper layer of skin at a constant rate, losartan transport was split into two flows. Both flows are transited in two separate lag-compartments before reaching into the acceptor phase.Key words: Transdermal, Losartan, Modeling, Lag-compartment, WinSAAM

STUDIES ON THROMBOLYTIC AND ANTI-HELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF Cocccinea grandis B Deepti
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 25 No 1, 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Traditional system of medicine consists of large number of plants with various medicinal and pharmacological values and hence represents a priceless tank of new bio active molecules. Coccinea grandis belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae, is a rapidly growing, perennial climber or trailing vine. Traditionally different parts of this plant namely roots, leaves, and fruits are used in folklore medicine for several purposes like jaundice, diabetes, wound healing, ulcers, stomach ache, skin disease, fever, asthma, cough. Development of anthelmintic resistance and high cost of conventional anthelmintic drugs led to the evaluation of medicinal plants as an alternative source of anthelmintics. As no scientific data was available on this plant hence, the present study was carried out for the investigation of antihelmintic activity and thrombolytic activity of bark of Coccinea grandis. Antihelmintic activity was done on pheritima posthuma. The results obtained were compared with standard albendazole and control groups respectively, the parameters evaluated are time of paralysis and time of death. On the other hand thrombolytic activity was done by using aqueous extract of Coccinea grandis bark. Thrombi or emboli can lodge in a blood vessel and block the flow of blood in that location depriving tissues of normal blood flow and oxygen. This can result in damage, destruction (infarction), or even death of the tissues (necrosis) in that area. Streptokinase is an antigenic thrombolytic agent used for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, served as standard. This study was conducted on human blood sample and compared with standard and control groups respectively. The parameters studied are percentage of clot lysis. From the present study we found that various extracts of this plants showed significant thrombolytic and antihelmintic properties.Key words: thrombolysis, helminthes, coccinea, albendazole, streptokinase.

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF OLD AND NEW POLYMORPHS OF DESVENLAFAXINE - AN ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUG Khandpekar, Mahendra
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 25 No 1, 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Desvenlafaxine succinate (pristiq) is an important non-hormonal drug used in the treatment of major depressive disorder and problems associated with menopause.This article summarizes the synthesis and investigation of new polymorphic form of Desmethylvenlafaxine. The new polymorph has been compared with the old polymorph using XRD, DSC, FTIR, SEM and HPLC techniques. Three prominent reflections with higher intensities lying at 20.3, 13.1 and 15.8 have been noted in the XRD measurements for the new polymorph. Higher intensity (XRD) peaks for the new polymorph indicates good crystalline quality. FTIR spectra shows close match between the polymorphs. DSC measurements show enhanced thermal stability for the new polymorph. Higher purity is indicated by the HPLC studies.Key words: desvenlafaxine, polymorphism, structure, crystalline, purity

SYNTHESES AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF SOME HYDROXY DIMETHOXY CHALCONE DERIVATIVES VH, Elfi Susanti
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Vol 25 No 1, 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Four (4) hydroxy dimethoxy chalcones derivatives were synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation of hydroxyacetophenone with 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde using conventional method and grinding technique. The synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopy (IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR). Synthesis of the hydroxy dimethoxy chalcone using grinding method is better than the conventional method. The synthesis using grinding method require a low concentration base, shorter reaction (15min) and higher yield (70-84%). Â The antioxidant activity of the compounds was determined by DPPH method, showed that Â 2,5-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy chalcone have the highest antioxidant activity.Key word: hydroxy dimethoxy chalcone, Claisen-Schmidt condensation, grinding, DPPH method

ANALYSIS OF COST AND OUTCOME THERAPY OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION ON ANEMIA TREATMENT FOR INPATIENT WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE Satibi, Satibi
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 25 No 1, 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) is a slow progressive loss of kidney function over a period of several years. One of its complications that determines the patientâ€™s quality of life is anemia. Blood transfusion can be used to treat anemia in patient with CRF. The purpose of this study are to measure the average costs per patient, assess the therapy outcomes, and determine the factors that influence the cost of blood transfusion in anemia treatment for patients with CRF in A, B, and C hospitals. This study was a descriptive non-experimental research. Cost analysis was based on the perspective of the hospital. Data were obtained retrospectively from medical records and payment details of inpatient with CRF who experienced anemia in A (tertiery hospital in Yogyakarta province), B (tertiary hospital in Central Java province), and C (private hospital in the province of Yogyakarta) hospitals. Data was analysed by calculating the average costs per patient, while therapy outcome was measured by calculating the percentages of patients who achieved the target of hemoglobin level. Furthermore, the factors that influenced the amount of the total cost were analysed using Oneway ANOVA and Independent T-Test for data with normal distribution and the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney for data with non-normal distribution. The results showed that the average costs per patient for anemia treatment in patient with CRF who had blood transfusion therapy were Rp 8,873,243.39Â±4,417,825.83 in A hospital, Rp 5,249,464.97Â±4,283,655.41 in B hospital; and Rp 7,961,088.00Â±6,105,501.80 in C hospital. Most of the patients in A, B, and C hospitals had achieved the target of hemoglobin level (>7g/dL) with the percentages of 95.56%, 68.57% and 87.50% respectively. The factors that mainly influenced the cost of anemia treatment in CRF are length of hospitalization for A hospital, age, gender, payment models, and length of hospitalization for B hospital, whereas age and length of hospitalization for C hospital.Â Key words: cost analysis, outcome therapy, blood transfusion, anemia, chronic renal failur

EXPRESSION OF MODIFIED RECOMBINANT HUMAN ERYTHROPOIETIN IN CHO-K1 CELLS AND ITS IN VITRO PROLIFERATION ASSAY IN TF-1 CELLS Adi Santoso
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 25 No 1, 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a 30 kDa glycoprotein hormone which is important for red blood cells maturation. EPO consists of 165 amino acids and possesses 3N-linked carbohydrate chains. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO), such as epoetin-α and epoetin-β, have been used for many years to treat anemia in patients with chronic renal failure, systolic heart failure, HIV-AIDS, or cancer. In vivo stability of rHuEPOs were low due to rapid metabolisms by galactosyl receptor of the hepatocytes. Previously, a novel erythropoiesis stimulating protein (NESP) called darbapoetin-α (DARB) which possesses two additional N-linked glycosylation had been studied. It was observed that NESP showed better in vivo stability and biological activity compared to the unmodified form (containing only 3N-linked carbohydrate chains). Based on the above study, we attempted to synthesize recombinant human EPO (rHuEPO) by generating CHO-K1 cell lines expressing codon-optimized human epo open reading frame (ORF) in CHO-K1 cells. The ORF was modified to contain 5 N-linked carbohydrate chains. The media obtained from CHO-K1 cell culture was collected and diafiltrated with the use of tangential flow filtration. The rHuEPO protein containing polyhistidine tag was purified using affinity chromatography. An SDS/PAGE and Western blotting analyses confirmed that the purified protein was the modified rHuEPO. MTT based proliferation assay was conducted in TF-1 bone marrow cell line as a model. The result showed that the modified rHuEPO was able to enhance TF-1 cells proliferation.Key words: CHO-K1, erythropoietin, glycosylation, MTT assay and TF-1 cell line.

IN VITRO ANTIPLASMODIAL ACTIVITY OF COUMARIN 8-HYDROXYISOCAPNOLACTONE-2',3'-DIOL ISOLATED FROM Micromelum minutum (G. Forst.) Wight & Arn Ratna Asmah Susidarti
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 25 No 1, 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Malaria remains a health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. The spread of antimalarial resistant parasites has prompted the research to find more effective new antimalarials. One strategy to discover new antimalarial drugs is through the exploration of medicinal plants traditionally used to treat malaria. Micromelum minutum is one of medicinal plants has been used to treat malaria and other infectious diseases in Malaysia. The coumarin 8-hydroxyisocapnolactone-2¢,3¢-diol has been isolated from this plant and showed to have strong cytotoxic activities. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of 8-hydroxyisocapnolactone-2¢,3¢-diol against chloroquine-resistant (FCR-3) and chloroquine-sensitive (D-10) Plasmodium falciparum. Culture of P. falciparum was continuously grown using a candle jar. Antiplasmodial assay was conducted by microradioactive method. The antiplasmodial activity was expressed by the IC50 indicating the concentration of the compound yielding 50% inhibition of the parasit growth. The results showed that 8-hydroxyisocapnolactone-2¢,3¢-diol has in vitro antiplasmodial activity against FCR-3 and D-10 with the IC50 values of 6.39 µg/mL (16.99 μM) and 24.23 μg/mL (64.45 μM), respectively.Key words: 8-hydroxyisocapnolactone-2’,3’-diol, M. minutum, anti-plasmodial activity, P. falciparum, FCR-3, D-10

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