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INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 23389427 EISSN : 23389486 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy (ISSN-e: 2338-9486, ISSN-p: 2338-9427), formerly Majalah Farmasi Indonesia (ISSN: 0126-1037). The journal had been established in 1972, and online publication was begun in 2008. Since 2012, the journal has been published in English by Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Yogyakarta Indonesia in collaboration with IAI (Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia or Indonesian Pharmacist Association) and only receives manuscripts in English. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy is Accredited by Directorate General of Higher Education (DGHE) DIKTI No. 58/DIKTI/Kep/2013.

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Articles 10 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 26 No 4, 2015" : 10 Documents clear

ANTIDIABETIC EFFECT EVALUATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS ISOLATED FROM HYDROLEA ZEYLANICA Borkar Vijay S; Senthil Kumaran K; Senthil Kumar KL; Gangurde Hemant H; Chordiya Mayur A
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 26 No 4, 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The whole plant of Hydrolea zeylanica (HZ) (Hydrophyllaceae family) was coarsely powdered and extracted with ethanol using soxhlet apparatus. The ethanol extract was then fractionated successively using various polarity ranges of solvents and screened for in-vivo antidiabetic activity using streptozotocin induced diabetic male wistar rats. The phytochemical investigation of all the fractions and powdered drug analysis was performed. Among the fractions evaluated, chloroform fraction showed highest decrease in blood glucose, total cholesterol and serum triglyceride level as 75.11%, 59.77% and 35.98% respectively when treated at 50 mg/mL concentration. As the chloroform fraction has shown better potency towards antidiabetic activity, was subjected to chromatographic separation and three compounds stigmasterol, kaempferol and p- coumaric acid were isolated and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. The overall results tend to suggest the antidiabetic activity of HZ and principal source of presumed bioactive compounds which may be responsible for many of the pharmacological properties.Key word: Hydrolea zeylanica, antidiabetic, total cholesterol, triglycerides, in vivo.

SUN PROTECTOR FACTOR (SPF) IN VITRO AND THE PHYSICAL STABILITY OF O/W CREAM OPTIMAL FORMULA FROM THE PARTITION PRODUCT OF MAHKOTA DEWA LEAVES [Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl] Zulkarnain, Abdul Karim; Marchaban, Marchaban; Wahyuono, Subagus; Susidarti, Ratna Asmah
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 26 No 4, 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The leaves Mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl) contains a benzophenoic glycoside (Phalerin) which is active for sun screen. Some formula and designed on the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method then its physical characteristics were investigated. The physical characteristics will be used to determine the optimum formula. In present study, the optimum formulation was evaluated to determine chemical stability and the in vitro SPF. The doses of partition product of P. macrocarpa was used 6%. The optimal formulation cream was determined by SLD version 9.0.1 with variety of Cetyl alcohol, mineral oil, and Tween 80. The difference of physical characteristics between experimental and software was analyzed using T-test, P= 95 %. The physical stability and in vitro SPF of the optimum formula was observed. he study exhibits that the combination of cetyl alchodol 9,71%, mineral oil 29%, and tween 80 3,29% was the optimum formula of o/w cream with the desirability test 0,924. The T-test result test shows that there is no significant difference (p>0.05) on physical characteristics between experimental and software prediction. During the storage, the viscosity, spread ability, adhesive ability, separation volume ratio of cream was relatively stable however the stability started to decline on the week IV in the extreme temperature. The SPF of the cream of the CFR, CPHR and CBZP partition were 21,32; 33,12 and 42,49, respectively.Keywords: Mahkota dewa, cream, optimum, SPF

SYNTHESIS, COMPUTER AIDED SCREENING AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF 2/3-SUBSTITUTED-6(4-METHYLPHENYL)-4,5-DIHYDROPYRIDAZIN3(2H)-ONES, AND PYRIDAZINE SUBSTITUTED TRIAZINE Khokra, Sukhbir Lal; Seth, Sonakshi; Garg, Shama S; Kaushik, Pawan; Ahmad, Aftab; Khan, Shah Alam; Husain4, Asif
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Vol 26 No 4, 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The present research work involved synthesis of some new pyridazine derivatives and evaluation of their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in experimental animals to obtain safer non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs). Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction of succinic anhydride with toluene in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride gave 4-(4-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-butanoic acid (1). The aryl propionic acid 1 on reaction with phenyl hydrazine and hydrazine hydrate yielded the pyridazinone derivative 2 and 3, respectively. Reaction of the compound 3 with phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3) produced the corresponding chloropyridazine derivative 4. A 4-hydroxymethyl derivative of dihydropyridazinone (5) was synthesized by condensing 3 with methanol and formaldehyde (HCHO). The compound 5 on further treatment with guanidine hydrochloride in ethanol gave the pyridazino-triazine (6). The synthesized compounds were investigated for their analgesic activity in mice and anti-inflammatory activity in Wistar albino rats. The molecular, pharmacokinetic and toxicity properties of the synthesized compounds were calculated by Molinspiration and Osiris property explorer software. The results of in-vivo anti-inflammatory studies revealed that the compound. 4 showed maximum inhibition in paw edema volume followed by compound 3 while the compound 4 exhibited excellentÂ peripheral analgesic activity (74%) followed by the compound 5. Compound s 4 and 5 also showed good central analgesic effect increased the reaction time to 90 minutes. All the title compounds except compound 5 are predicted to be safe by Osiris online software and are likely to have good oral bioavailability as they obey Lipinskiâs rule of five for drug likeness.Keywords:Â Pyridazinone, Hydrazine derivatives, Chloropyridazine, Triazin-2-imine.

PROTEIN PROFILE AND MDA SPERMATOZOA LEVELS OF HYPERGLYCEMIC MICE FED BY BEAN SPROUTS EXTRACT Hidayat, Erwin; Susanti, R.; Marianti, Aditya
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 26 No 4, 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Hyperglycemic conditions lead increased lipid peroxide and MDA which would damage structure and fluidity membrane so that impaired membrane function. Vitamin E on sprouts is an antioxidant that is capable of maintaining the integrity of cell membranes. Twenty eight mice which were grouped into 4 groups: control , P1, P2 and P3. Hyperglycemic treatment is by injecting of monohidrate alloxan dose of 150 mg/kgbw in group (P1, P2 and P3). Preparation and injecting of bean sprouts extract dose of 50 mg/20gbw to P2 and 100 mg/20gbw to P3 on 30 days.Taking of sperm to sperm protein isolation, and then analysis of protein molecular weight, testing MDA TBARS method. Based on the research results of the analysis protein profiles found in the control and P3 to be 8 protein bands is 72, 60, 49, 42, 35, 30, 28, and 23 kDa. While the P1 and P2 protein band 42 kDa are not found. Results of the analysis showed MDA significant different, control group is 2.43 nmol/ml, P1 7.89 nmol/ml, P2 5.19 nmol/ml and P3 3.29 nmol/ml. Concluded that the bean sprouts extract dois 100 mg/20ggw shows a significance influence on recovery protein profiles and MDA levels spermatozoa of hyperglycemic mice.Keywords: Protein profile, MDA, Hyperglycemic, Bean sprouts

DESCRIPTION OF PATIENTS' COMPLIANCE IN ASEER REGION, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA Alakhali, Khaled
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 26 No 4, 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Medication non-adherence can cause impairments that interfere with self-care activities in individuals who suffer from multiple comorbid diseases that require careful management. The objective of this study is to assess and describe medication adherence in patients of Aseer Region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Samples of 416 patients in the outpatient department at Abha General Hospital and Aseer Central Hospital are selected randomly. The patients were interviewed using seven a self-administered close-ended anonymous questionnaire. Only descriptive statistics is reported in this study for analyze the compliance category. The participants in the study were 71% (295 out of 416 patients) of participants were females, while 29% (121 out of 416) were males. The participants’ age ranges between 18-60 years. The adherence level was 85%. The major reasons for non-adherence were forgetfulness and feeling good. The study revealed the appropriate level of adherence by participants. The study also revealed that pharmacists and other healthcare professional intervention will help to improve further the medication adherence with possible fruitful therapeutic outcomes of the patients.Key words: Non-adherence patient, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaMedication non-adherence can cause impairments that interfere with self-care activities in individuals who suffer from multiple comorbid diseases that require careful management. The objective of this study is to assess and describe medication adherence in patients of Aseer Region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Samples of 416 patients in the outpatient department at Abha General Hospital and Aseer Central Hospital are selected randomly. The patients were interviewed using seven a self-administered close-ended anonymous questionnaire. Only descriptive statistics is reported in this study for analyze the compliance category. The participants in the study were 71% (295 out of 416 patients) of participants were females, while 29% (121 out of 416) were males. The participants’ age ranges between 18-60 years. The adherence level was 85%. The major reasons for non-adherence were forgetfulness and feeling good. The study revealed the appropriate level of adherence by participants. The study also revealed that pharmacists and other healthcare professional intervention will help to improve further the medication adherence with possible fruitful therapeutic outcomes of the patients.Key words: Non-adherence patient, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF GUARGUM - BASED TIMOLOL MALEATE OCULAR INSERT Kumar, Sunil; Issarani, Roshan; Nagori, B P
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Vol 26 No 4, 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The objective of this study was to prepare ocular inserts of timolol maleate using guar gum as a polymer. Timolol maleate ocular inserts were prepared by solvent casting method using guar gum in different proportions (0.25% w/v, 0.50% w/v , 75 % w/v and 1.0% w/v). The prepared formulations were evaluated for thickness, weight variation, percentage drug content, surface pH, folding endurance, percentage moisture absorption and loss, percentage swelling, mechanical strength and in vitro transcorneal permeation. In-vitro transcorneal permeation study was performed on goat cornea using modified Franz diffusion cell. The inserts were found to be of uniform thickness (ranging from 41.12Â±0.04Âµm to 79.90Â±0.03Âµm) and weight (0.84Â±0.07 mg to 2.11Â±0.09 mg). The % drug content in the inserts was found to be varied between 98.69Â±0.58to 96.37Â±0.58. The cumulative % drug releases from the formulation ranged from 50.22Â±1.41 to 97.72Â±0.67over a period of 24 h. In-vitro transcorneal study revealed that an increase in concentration of polymer slows down the release of timolol maleate from the formulation. Ocular inserts using guar gum as a polymer were successfully prepared and can be effectively used for sustain ocular delivery over a period of 24 h.Key words: Guar gum, in vitro transcorneal permeation study, ocular insert, timolol maleate, sustained release

ANALYSIS OF ACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN BLOOD PLASMA OF MICE AFTER INHALATION OF CAJUPUT ESSENTIAL OIL (MELALEUCA LEUCADENDRON L.) Muchtaridi Muchtaridi; Ami Tjiraresmi; Riska Febriyanti
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 26 No 4, 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The research is intended for the determination of volatile compounds of cajuput oil (Melaleuca leucadendron L.) in a group of mice (3 mice) after inhaling 1 mL cajuput oil for 1/2, 1 and 2 hour(s). The blood plasma of three mice was collected in heparin tube, and the volatile compounds were isolated and concentrated using C-18 Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) column with methanol and bidistilled water mixture (60:40) as the solvent. The analysis was carried out by GC/MS. The results showed that there were 52 compounds in the cajuput oil, especially 1,8-cineole,a-terpineol, b-pinene, a-pinene, b-myrcene, 4-terpineol, linalool, g-terpinene, and terpinolene. The major compound identified in blood plasma of mice was 1,8-cineole. Half an hour after 1 mL inhalation of cajuput oil per mouse, the concentration of 1,8-cineole identified was 41.5 mg/mL, while 1 and 2 hours after 1 mL inhalation of cajuput oil, the level of 1,8-cineole in blood plasma of 3 mice was 646.9 mg/mL and 138.0 mg/mL in blood plasma of each mouse. Other compounds identified were a-terpineol, 4-terpineol linalool, terpenyl acetate and hydrocarbon terpenes. Concentrations of target compounds in the blood plasma were relatively in low level (mg/mL). In conclusion, the volatile compounds of 4-terpineol, linalool, a-terpineol and 1,8-cineol that identified in blood plasma of mice after inhalation of the cajuput oils might correlate with depressive characteristics of essential oil given by inhalation.Keywords: Cajuput, Essential Oils, Inhalation, SPE, GC-MS

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING PATIENT SATISFACTION IN JKN SYSTEM: PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS, JKN SERVICES, AND PHARMACY SERVICES Satibi Satibi
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 26 No 4, 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

National Health Insurance (JKN) is a health insurance system by using mechanisms of social health insurance held by BPJS. Satisfaction of participants will affect the sustainability of the system JKN. Factors affecting patient satisfaction are patient characteristics, JKN services, and pharmacy services. This study aimed to examine the influence of patient characteristics, JKN services, and pharmacy services with patient satisfaction in the primary health facilities. This research is analytic with cross sectional survey design. Data taken quantitatively by using questionnaires and equipped with qualitative data from interviews to deepen the findings in the field. The sampling technique used is random sampling for primary health facilities with a total sample of 55 health facilities and purposive sampling for a sample of patients with a total sample of 300 respondents. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square to examine relationship between patient characteristics with patient satisfaction and linear regression to examine the relationship between services in JKN system with patient satisfaction. Characteristics of patients who have a significant relationship to the patient satisfaction is education (p=0.020), employment (p = 0.001), income (p = 0.000), and membership status (p = 0.005).There is a significant relationship between services in JKN system includes JKN sevices with patient satisfaction (p = 0.000) and pharmacy service in the era of JKN with patient satisfaction (p = 0.000). The conclusion of this study is the patient characteristics include education, employment, income and membership status, and service in JKN system includes JKN services and pharmacy services in the era of JKN has a significant relationship with the satisfaction of patients at primary health facilities.Keywords: patient characteristics, JKN services, pharmacy services, patient satisfaction

Design and evaluation of guargum - based timolol maleate ocular insert For the treatment of glaucoma Thakral, Sunil
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 26 No 4, 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Purpose: To prepare ocular inserts of timolol maleate using guar gum as a polymer for treatment of glaucoma. Methods: Timolol maleate ocular inserts were prepared by solvent casting method using guar gum in different proportions (0.25% w/v, 0.50% w/v , 75 % w/v and 1.0% w/v). The prepared formulations were evaluated for thickness, weight variation, percentage drug content, surface pH, folding endurance, percentage moisture absorption and loss, percentage swelling, mechanical strength and in vitro transcorneal permeation. In-vitro transcorneal permeation study was performed on goat cornea using modified Franz diffusion cell. Results: The inserts were found to be of uniform thickness (ranging from 41.12±0.04µm to 79.90±0.03µm) and weight (0.84±0.07 mg to 2.11±0.09 mg). The % drug content in the inserts was found to be varied between 98.69±0.58to 96.37±0.58. The cumulative % drug releases from the formulation ranged from 50.22±1.41 to 97.72±0.67over a period of 24 h. In-vitro transcorneal study revealed that an increase in concentration of polymer slows down the release of timolol maleate from the formulation. Conclusion: Ocular inserts using guar gum as a polymer were successfully prepared and can be effectively used for sustain ocular delivery over a period of 24 h.

SYNTHESIS, COMPUTER AIDED SCREENING AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF 2/3-SUBSTITUTED-6(4-METHYLPHENYL)-4,5-DIHYDROPYRIDAZIN3(2H)-ONES, AND PYRIDAZINE SUBSTITUTED TRIAZINE Asif Husain; Sukhbir Lal Khokra; Sonakshi Seth; Shama S Garg; Pawan Kaushik; Aftab Ahmad; Shah Alam Khan
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 26 No 4, 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The present research work involved synthesis of some novel pyridazine derivatives and evaluation of their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in experimental animals to obtain safer non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Friedal craft acylation reaction of succinic anhydride with toluene in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride gave 4-(4-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-butanoic acid (1). The aryl propionic acid 1 on reaction with phenyl hydrazine and hydrazine hydrate yielded the pyridazinone derivative 2 and 3, respectively. Reaction of the compound 3 with phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3) produced the corresponding chloropyridazine derivative 4. A 4-hydroxymethyl derivative of dihydropyridazinone (5) was synthesized by condensing 3 with methanol and formaldehyde (HCHO). The compound 5 on further treatment with guanidine hydrochloride in ethanol gave the pyridazino-triazine (6). The synthesized compounds were investigated for their analgesic activity in mice and anti-inflammatory activity in Wistar albino rats. The molecular, pharmacokinetic and toxicity properties of the synthesized compounds were calculated by Molinspiration and Osiris property explorer software. The results of in-vivo anti-inflammatory studies revealed that the compound. 4 showed maximum inhibition in paw edema volume followed by compound no. 3 while the compound no. 4 exhibited excellent peripheral analgesic activity (74%) followed by the compound no. 5. Compound no. 4 and 5 also showed good central analgesic effect increased the reaction time to 90 minutes. All the title compounds except compound 5 are predicted to be safe by Osiris online software and are likely to have good oral bioavailability as they obey Lipinski’s rule of five for drug likeness.

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