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<![CDATA[The effect of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia on oxidative stress status and antioxidant enzymes activity in rat brain ]]>
<![CDATA[Syarifah Dewi]]>;
<![CDATA[Wawan Mulyawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Septelia Inawati Wanandi]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohamad Sadikin]]>
<![CDATA[ Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ]]>
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DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.v1i2.16
<![CDATA[Background: High altitude can cause hypobaric hypoxia (HH), resulted from the lower barometric pressure and hence partial pressure of oxygen. Hypoxia can lead to a lot of deleterious molecular and cellular changes, such as generation of free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increasing of ROS can cause oxidative stress if the antioxidant enzyme does not increase simultaneously. Oxidative damage in brain has toxic effect on cognitive functions. Objective: In this study, we investigate effect of acute intermittent HH on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity in rat brain. Method: Wistar rats divided into 5 groups, consisting control group and four experimental groups which treated to HH. Rats were exposed to simulated HH equivalent to 35.000 feet in hypobaric chamber for 1 minute, repeated once a week. Results: Level of malondialdehyde and carbonyl in rat brain under acute HH increased at HH exposure (group I) compare to control group. These levels decreased afterward at intermittent HH exposure (group II-IV). Specific activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) shows increasing level at intermittent HH exposure, especially group IV was increasing of SOD level significantly. The increasing pattern of specific activity of catalase was inversely from SOD pattern, but it still has higher activity in intermittent HH compare to control group. Conclusion: Brain tissue seems to be able to perform an adequate adaptive response to hypobaric hypoxia after the training, shown by its significantly decreased MDA and carbonyl level and also increased specific activity of SOD and catalase.]]>
<![CDATA[Human serum folate can be measured using folate binding protein linked to enzyme-labeled protein ligand binding assay (ELPLBA) as well as ELISA ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhamad Arif Budiman]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohamad Sadikin]]>;
<![CDATA[Ani Retno Prijanti]]>
<![CDATA[ Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ]]>
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DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.v1i2.17
<![CDATA[Background: Folate is an important substance used for purine and pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. One measurement of folate that already establishes is using ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) method. Folate binding protein is a protein that can bind folate, therefore it considered can be used as a tool that can replace antibody dependent ELISA method. Objectives: The aim of this research was to create a method for folate measurement in serum called Enzyme-labeled protein ligand binding assay (ELPLBA) by replacing antibody as used in ELISA method with folate binding protein (FBP) that purified from the whey of milk. Methods: The method is tested using 20 serum samples and compared to ELISA. Folate binding protein was purified from bovine’s milk using ammonium sulfate up to 90% saturated, DEAE-cellulose anion exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography. SDS-PAGE and western blot were used to establish the protein band of FBP that has molecular weight of ~25-35 kDa. ELPLBA was arranged with stationary phase using aminohexyl-agarose, and folic acid linked on it using carbodiimide. Results: The result show there was no significant difference of folate concentration between ELPLBA (14.804 ± 2.795) and ELISA method (13.859 ± 3.638), p = 0.363. Conclusion: ELPLBA method show similarity for determination of folate in serum which was the same as standard folate measurement (ELISA).]]>
<![CDATA[Expression of apelin is related to oxidative damage in heart tissue of rats during chronic systemic hypoxia ]]>
<![CDATA[H R Helmi]]>;
<![CDATA[Frans Ferdinal]]>;
<![CDATA[Ani Retno Prijanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Sri Widia A Jusman]]>;
<![CDATA[Frans D Suyatna]]>
<![CDATA[ Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ]]>
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DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.v1i2.18
<![CDATA[Background: Chronic systemic hypoxia is severe environmental stress for the heart and might lead to the development of heart failure. Apelin is an endogenous peptide that has been shown to have various beneficial effects on cardiac function. Apelin appears to have a role to play in the ventricular dysfunction and maintaining the performance of the heart. Objectives: In the present study we want to investigate the adaptive response of heart tissue to chronic systemic hypoxia and the correlation with apelin expression and oxidative stress in rat. Methods: An experimental study was performed using 28 Sprague-Dawley male rats, 8 weeks of age. Rats were divided into 7 groups 4 each, namely control group; normoxia (O2 atmosphere) and the treatment group of hypoxia (8% O2) for 6 hours; 1;3;5;7 and 14 days respectively. Body weight and heart weight were measured at each treatment. Ventricular thickness was measured by caliper, Apelin mRNA was measured using real-time qRT-PCR with Livak formula and malondialdehyde (MDA) level was used to assess oxidative stress due to cardiac tissue hypoxia. Results: Macroscopic exams showed hypertrophy at day 7th. The relative expression of Apelin mRNA in hypoxic heart is decreased at the beginning and then increased, starting from day-7 to day-14. The MDA levels were significantly increased from day-7 and were strongly correlated with relative expression Apelin. Conclusion: It is concluded that the increase of Apelin expression is related to oxidative stress in heart tissue of rats during chronic systemic hypoxia.]]>
<![CDATA[Changes on oxidative stress-related biomarkers in plasma and cardiac tissue due to prolonged exposure to normobaric hyperoxia ]]>
<![CDATA[Maria Christina Dwiyanti]]>;
<![CDATA[R Benettan]]>;
<![CDATA[F Wandy]]>;
<![CDATA[M Lirendra]]>;
<![CDATA[Frans Ferdinal]]>;
<![CDATA[David Limanan]]>
<![CDATA[ Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ]]>
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DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.v2i1.31
<![CDATA[Background: Hyperoxia is a state of oversupply of oxygen in tissues and organs that can increase reactive oxygen species (ROS). When antioxidants cannot balance ROS levels, oxidative stress occurs. Catalase and reduced glutathione (GSH) are two of the antioxidants that can be very useful to counteract ROS. Increased production of ROS subsequently results in lipids damage and generates malondialdehyde (MDA). ROS interaction with cardiac cells causes remodeling thus leads to heart failure. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to find out the changes on oxidative stress-related biomarkers in plasma and cardiac tissue. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups (n=6/group). Control group was exposed to normoxia (21% O2), while each treatment group was exposed to hyperoxia (75% O2) for 1, 3, 7, and 14 days. Blood and heart samples were used for blood gas analysis and hematology test, also for catalase specific activity measurement, GSH level, and MDA level measurement. Results: Blood gas analysis of pO2, pCO2, and HCO3 were increased, while the O2 saturation and all hematological parameters were decreased. Plasma and cardiac tissue’s catalase specific activity increased in day 1 to day 7 but declined in day 14. Cardiac tissue’s GSH has the same result. Plasma GSH level increased in day 1 but decreased afterward. MDA level in plasma and cardiac tissue increased significantly since day 1. Conclusion: Hyperoxia causes oxidative stress, marked by the increase of oxidative stress-related markers, and partially compensated respiratory acidosis.]]>
<![CDATA[The first investigation of AAC(6’)-Ib enzyme in carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae isolated from Indonesian patients ]]>
<![CDATA[Beauty Novianty]]>;
<![CDATA[Ella Amalia]]>;
<![CDATA[Ziske Maritska]]>;
<![CDATA[Yuwono]]>;
<![CDATA[Lusia Hayati]]>
<![CDATA[ Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ]]>
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DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.v2i1.32
<![CDATA[Background: Over the past decade, numbers of Carbapenemase Producing-Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CP-CRE) has been increasing worldwide and it has been becoming a threat because of its resistance against carbapenem which is considered as the “last resort” antibiotic. Therapy options for its infection are still limited. Aminoglycoside serves as one of the most commonly used antibiotics, but the resistance against it has already been presented for a long time. Aminoglycoside Modifying Enzyme (AME) is the most important resistance mechanism against aminoglycoside. AAC(6’)-Ib enzyme is one of the most common AME produced by the gram-negative bacteria. Objectives: This study wished to identify the gene of this enzyme among CRE isolated from infected Indonesian patients in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang. Methods: Twenty-eight isolates collected from CRE-infected patients identified by Vitek 2 Compact (bioMerieux, USA) in dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang during September—November 2017. AAC(6’)-Ib gene was identified using PCR method, then visualize by electrophoresis. The result is then analyzed by comparing it with a susceptibility test. Results: Out of 28 samples, AAC(6’)-Ib is identified in 22 (78.57%) samples. Samples with AAC(6’)-Ib showed to be less resistant to various antibiotics, significantly to amikacin (p=0.023). Conclusion: AAC(6’)-Ib gene is found in most of samples implying its frequent occurrence in Indonesian patients.]]>
<![CDATA[ELISA method to detect ABO blood group in external secretion fluids ]]>
<![CDATA[Abdul Halim Sadikin]]>;
<![CDATA[Yefta Moenadjat]]>;
<![CDATA[Novi Sylvia Hardiany]]>
<![CDATA[ Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ]]>
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DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.v2i1.33
<![CDATA[Background: Usually it takes a large number of volume sample to determine blood group from external secretion fluids. But, in certain condition, samples are only available in very small amount. The objective of this study is to detect the presence of ABO blood group substances in mucosal fluid using ELISA technique, thus only requires small amount of samples. Objective: To develop an ELISA technique using the current anti-ABO antibodies for determination of blood group by hemagglutination technique and second peroxidase label antibody specific for mouse IgG, originally used for another ELISA technique. Methods: 100 μl of diluted human intestinal mucosal fluid were incubated overnight in 4oC in ELISA microplate wells, followed by addition anti-ABO antibodies. Then after incubation, a second revealing antibody anti mouse IgG labeled with peroxidase was added. After a brief incubation, substrate H2O2 and chromogenic TMB were added. Results: Positive reaction is marked by development of blue colour, which, on termination enzymatic reaction by addition 100 μl H2SO4 change to yellow. Conclusion: An ELISA method for detecting ABO substance in mucosal fluid can be developed from antibodies not specifically made for this technique, but specific only for the target.]]>
<![CDATA[The protective effect of Rhizophora apiculata bark extract against testicular damage induced by cigarette smoke in male rats ]]>
<![CDATA[Syazili Mustofa]]>;
<![CDATA[Fauziah Hanif]]>
<![CDATA[ Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ]]>
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DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.v2i1.34
<![CDATA[Background: The mangrove bark extract (Rhizophora apiculata) is known to have the ability to inhibit the formation of free radicals, act as antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory. Objective: This study was attempted to investigate the potency of Rhizophora apiculata bark extracts as an antioxidant to protect rat testes from the damage due to cigarette smoke exposure. Methods: An experimental study using a posttest-only control group design was employed. Samples consisted of 25 male rats divided into 5 groups, namely K (-) not treated, K (+) exposed to cigarette smoke without the administration of mangrove bark extract, groups P1, P2, and P3 were exposed to cigarette smoke and each group received a dose of Rhizophora apiculata bark extracts every day for 30 days. Furthermore, P1 obtained 28.275 mg/KgBW, P2 was about 56.55 mg/kgBW, and P3 got 113.10 mg/kgBW. Results: Analysis using One Way ANOVA showed that there were significant effects of administration of extracts on the average number of primary spermatocytes and the thickness of the seminiferous tubules in the rats that have been exposed to cigarette smoke when compared to controls. The dose of extract that has the best effect was 113.10 mg/kgBW. Conclusion: Rhizophora apiculata bark extract is indicated to have a protective effect that can prevent damage in rats testes exposed to cigarette smoke.]]>
<![CDATA[Effectiveness of crude oil degrading fungi isolated from petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil in Siak, Riau ]]>
<![CDATA[Endang Maya Sari]]>;
<![CDATA[Riryn Novianty]]>;
<![CDATA[Amir Awaluddin]]>;
<![CDATA[Saryono]]>;
<![CDATA[Nova Wahyu Pratiwi]]>
<![CDATA[ Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ]]>
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DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.v2i1.35
<![CDATA[Background: Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon needs a specific technique called bioremediation to remove the environmental pollutants. Several indigenous microorganisms including fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes are effective agents in degrading petroleum derivatives, aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Objective: This research aimed to investigate indigenous fungi isolates from petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil in Siak which are capable to degrade hydrocarbon. Methods: The competence of indigenous fungi was isolated from a crude oil-contaminated soil which collected from one of oil-field in Siak, Riau. The effectiveness of isolates on the degradation crude oil was tested by culturing the isolates in Bushnell-Haas broth containing crude oil (5% v/v) for 16 days. A decrease in pH, change in optical density and amount of CO2 released were recorded to indirectly indicate the crude oil degradation by the fungi. To measure the percentage of crude oil biodegradation, gravimetric analysis was utilized. Results: The two colonies were selected and identified as Aspergillus sp LBKURCC151 and Penicillium sp LBKURCC153. The results showed that Aspergillus sp LBKURCC151 reached a higher level (61%) of biodegradation after 16 days under the optimum conditions in degrading total petroleum hydrocarbon than Penicillium sp LBKURCC153 (46%). Conclusion: These results indicated that Aspergillus sp LBKURCC151 and Penicillium sp LBKURCC153 are potential degraders for bioremediation in crude oil-contaminated area.]]>
<![CDATA[Studies on biosurfactant produced using Exiguobacterium profundum ]]>
<![CDATA[Nur Asni Setiani]]>;
<![CDATA[Welly Octaviyani]]>;
<![CDATA[Syarif Hamdani]]>;
<![CDATA[Irma Mardiah]]>
<![CDATA[ Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ]]>
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DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.v2i2.37
<![CDATA[Background: The manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations generally adds surfactants. Microbial biosurfactants can be an alternative because biodegradable and have antibacterial properties. Objective: This study aimed to examine the biosurfactant activity of Exiguobacterium profundum. Methods: Hemolysis and spreading oil tests were performed as an initial screening. Biosurfactant production was carried out by growing bacteria on oil-enriched media with shaker system for 7 days. Biosurfactant activity can be seen from the emulsification index, while the characterization of biosurfactant were used thin layer chromatography and antibacterial qualitative testing. Results: Exiguobacterium profundum could spread the oil layer and form micelles. The emulsification index on days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 showed percentage in sequence 44.83%, 48.28%, 48.28%, 40%, and 43.75%. The result of TLC showed lipopeptide group which is marked with red stain with ninhydrin appearance. Antibacterial testing using Escherichia coli showed the formation of clear zones around the disk paper. Conclusion: The biosurfactant produced by Exigoubacterium profundum can be classified into lipopeptide group which has antibacterial activity against gram-negative.]]>
<![CDATA[A sign of acute inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Kota Baru and Kalibaru subdistricts, Bekasi ]]>
<![CDATA[Ria Amelia]]>;
<![CDATA[Neni Arshita]]>;
<![CDATA[Siti Nur Fajriah]]>;
<![CDATA[Chandra Vina Dwi Astuti]]>;
<![CDATA[Islamiyah Nurul Fitri]]>
<![CDATA[ Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ]]>
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DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.v2i2.38
<![CDATA[Background: During the development of chronic type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), inflammatory signals are elevated which can cause microvascular damage. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is one of acute phase proteins stimulated under inflammatory conditions and creatinine is a waste product used to measure the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Both of these compounds are considered as biomarkers of acute kidney damage among people with T2DM. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine relationship between CRP and creatinine levels in T2DM patients. Methods: We conducted analytic cross-sectional study in Kota Baru and Kalibaru sub-districts, Bekasi, from January until February 2019. Creatinine was measured using the jaffe method and CRP was measured using a latex agglutination technique. The correlation between CRP and creatinine was analyzed with Spearman test. Results: Spearman correlation test from 55 samples showed a weak positive correlation (r = 0.289 ; p < 0.05) between CRP levels and creatinine levels. These results indicate that high CRP levels are directly proportional to creatinine levels in the serum of T2DM patients. Creatinine and CRP levels can be used as clinical parameters as biomarker for acute microvascular damage in nephron cells that can develop into complications due to T2DM. Conclusion: There was a significant, weak positive correlation between CRP levels and creatinine levels in T2DM patients in Kota Baru and Kalibaru districts, Bekasi]]>
