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Kefektifan Sedasi antara Campuran Ketamin Propofol (Ketofol), dan Propofol Fentanil pada Prosedur Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) Sugiarto, Adhrie; Perdana, Aries; Jefrey Tuhulele, Norman Rabker
Majalah Anestesia dan Critical Care Vol 34 No 1 (2016): Februari
Publisher : Perdatin Pusat

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Abstract

Sedasi adekuat diperlukan untuk menjaga kedalaman sedasi dan analgesia serta mengendalikan pergerakan pasienselama prosedur ERCP. Propofol merupakan sedasi yang tanpa efek analgesia namun memiliki efek depresikardiovaskular dan respirasi yang tergantung dosis. Penambahan ketamin dosis kecil diharapkan menurunkankebutuhan dosis propofol dalam mempertahankan kedalaman sedasi, analgesia, kestabilan hemodinamik danrespirasi. Penelitian ini membandingkan keefektifan sedasi antara campuran ketamin-propofol (ketofol) danpropofol-fentanil pada prosedur ERCP. Penelitian ini adalah uji klinis acak tersamar ganda, 36 pasien dewasayang menjalani prosedur ERCP, dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok KF (n=18) yang mendapatkanketofol 1:4 dalam semprit 50 mL, serta kelompok PF (n=18) yang mendapatkan fentanil 1 mcg/kgBB dan propofoldalam semprit 50 mL. Kedalaman sedasi diukur dengan Ramsay Sedation Scale. Hasil penelitian didapatkan reratakonsumsi propofol permenit, kelompok ketofol lebih rendah bermakna dibanding dengan kelompok propofolfentanil (p<0.05). Jumlah kebutuhan fentanil pada kelompok ketofol lebih rendah dibanding dengan kelompokpropofol-fentanil (p<0.05). Mula kerja dan waktu pulih pada kelompok propofol-fentanil lebih cepat dibandingdengan kelompok ketofol (p<0.05). Kejadian hipotensi pada kedua kelompok tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0.05).Tidak didapatkan kejadian desaturasi dan mual/muntah pada kedua kelompok. Simpulan adalah ketofol lebihefektif daripada propofol-fentanil untuk kedalaman sedasi dan analgesia serta memiliki efek samping yangminimal. Kata kunci: ERCP, Propofol, ketamin, fentanil, sedasi, analgesia The effectiveness of sedation is the ability of the drugs to maintain sedation depth and analgesia, and to controlpatients movements during ERCP procedure. Propofol is a sedative agent that has no analgesia effect and hasa dose-dependent cardiovascular and respiratory depressant effects. The addition of small dose of ketamin isexpected to reduce the required dose to maintain hemodinamic and respiratory stability. This study comparedthe effectiveness of sedation between 1:4 ketamin propofol mixtures (ketofol) and propofol-fentanyl in ERCPprocedure. This research a double blind randomised clinical trial was done in 36 adult patients who underwentERCP procedure, which were divided into two groups: KF group (n = 18), which were treated with ketofol 1:4in a 50 mL syringe, and PF group (n = 18) which were treated with fentanil 1 mcg/kgBW and propofol in a 50mL syringe. The depth of sedation was measured by Ramsay Sedation Scale (RSS). The average consumption ofpropofol per minute of ketofol group was significantly lower than fentanyl propofol group (p<0.05). The medianfentanyl consumption of ketofol group was significantly lower than fentanyl propofol group (p<0.05). The onsetand the recovery time in fentanyl propofol group were faster than ketofol group (p<0.05). There was no significantdifferent in the incidence of hypotension in both groups (p>0.05). There were no desaturation events or nausea/vomiting in both groups. Conclution ketofol was more effective than fentanyl-propofol mixture in maintaining thedepth of sedation and analgesia and has minimal side effects. Key words: Analgesia,ERCP, fentanyl, ketamine, propofol, sedation Reference Adler DG, Baron TH, Davila RE, Egan J, Hirota WK, Leighton JA, et al. ASGE guideline: the role of ERCP in diseases of the biliary tract and the pancreas. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005;62(1):1–8. Glomsaker TB. Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in Norway, University of Bergen, 2013. Available at http://www.ivs.no/downloads/ thesis_Glomsaker.pdf, accessed on October 24, 2014 Chainaki IG, Manolarki MM, Paspatis GA. Deep sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy, World J Gastroentero, 2011, 3 (2): 34–9. Sumaratih L. Perbandingan keluaran antara teknik pemberian propofol bolus berkala dengan Target Controlled Infusion pada pasien endoskopi saluran cerna di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo, Departemen Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 2013. Wang Y, Jiang X, Pan L, Dong S, Feng Y, Prajapati SS, et al. Randomized double-blind controlled study of the efficacy of ketofol with propofolfentanyl and propofol alone in ttermination of pregnancy. Afr. J.Pharm. pharmacol.2012;6(34):2510–14. Coulter FLS, Hannam JA, Anderson BJ. Ketofol dosing simulations for procedural sedation, Pediatr Emerg Care, 2014;30(9): 621–30. Andolfatto G, Willman E. A prospective case series of pediatric procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department using single-syringe ketamin propofol (ketofol), Acad Emerg Med, 2010;17:194–201. Hassenein R, El-Sayed W. Ketamin/propofol versus fentanyl/propofol for sedating obese patients undergoing Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), Egypt J Anesth, 2013;29:207–11. Thom G. The evolving role of ketofol and its use as sedation agent in PSA in children: systemic review, 2013. Available at http://sedationspecialists.co.za/wpcontent/uploads/2013/07/Ketofol-in-sedationnew-developments_Dr-George-Thom.pdf, accessed on October 11, 2014.
Correlation between Modified Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score with Duration of Mechanical Ventilation of Pneumonia Patient in ICU Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Madjid, Amir S; Sugiarto, Adhrie; Putri, Regina Prima; Alatas, Anas
Majalah Anestesia dan Critical Care Vol 33 No 2 (2015): Juni
Publisher : Perdatin Pusat

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Abstract

Current extubation parameters are not entirely accurate. Therefore, weaning from mechanical ventilation is difficult, especially in pneumonia patient. One of scoring system for evaluation of pneumonia patient is modified clinical pulmonary infection score (MCPIS). This score evaluates temperature, leucocyte count and differential count, volume and consistency tracheal secretion, oxygenation and chest x-ray. This study aimed to estimate the correlation between MCPIS score with duration of mechanical ventilation of pneumonia patient in ICU Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. This was a prospective cohort study among pneumonia patients with mechanical ventilation at ICU Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from October 2014 to February 2015. MCPIS were measured at the point of admission and 72 hours after admission. Date of extubation was recorded to determine the duration of mechanical ventilation. There were 48 subjects included in this study. Early MCPIS score (median 6) was higher than MCPIS score after 72 hours (median 5) with mechanical ventilation duration 3-19 days (median 7). There was no significant correlation between early MCPIS score with mechanical ventilation duration (p=0,180; r=0,197). There was significant moderate correlation between MCPIS score after 72 hours with mechanical ventilation duration (p=0,000; r=0,539). This study concluded there was significant correlation between MCPIS after 72 hours with mechanical ventilation duration in pneumonia patients in ICU.
Perbandingan Trapezius Squeezing Test dan Jaw Thrust Sebagai Indikator Kedalaman Anestesia pada Pemasangan Sungkup Laring Hidayat, Jefferson; Sugiarto, Adhrie; Alatas, Anas
Majalah Anestesia dan Critical Care Vol 34 No 1 (2016): Februari
Publisher : Perdatin Pusat

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Abstract

Manajemen jalan napas merupakan salah satu aspek penting dalam anestesiologi. Salah satu jenis alat bantu jalannafas yang sering digunakan adalah Laringeal Mask Airway (LMA/sungkup laring). Pemasangan sungkup laringtanpa pelumpuh otot membutuhkan kedalaman anestesi yang cukup. Trapezius squeezing test dan jaw thrustadalah dua uji klinis sederhana yang digunakan untuk menguji kedalaman anestesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmembandingkan trapezius squeezing test dan jaw thrust sebagai indikator klinis menilai kedalaman anestesi padapemasangan sungkup laring dengan induksi anestesia menggunakan propofol. Sebanyak 128 pasien dirandomisasimenjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok 1 (kelompok jaw thrust) dan kelompok 2 (kelompok trapezius squeezingtest). Setelah premedikasi dengan midazolam 0,05 mg/kgBB dan fentanil 1 μg/kgBB, untuk induksi anestesiadiberikan propofol dosis titrasi. Manuver jaw thrust dan trapezius squeezing test dilakukan setiap 15 detik. Saatrespon motorik dari manuver hilang dilakukan pemasangan sungkup laring. Keberhasilan pemasangan padakelompok 1 dan 2 adalah 93,8% vs. 90,6% (p >0,05). Rata-rata penggunaan propofol pada kelompok 1 sebesar120,34 mg dan kelompok 2 sebesar 111,86 mg (p > 0.05). Pada kelompok 1 apnea dijumpai pada 10 pasien(15.6%) sedangkan pada kelompok 2 sebanyak 11 pasien (17.2%). Trapezius squeezing test sama baiknya denganjaw thrust sebagai indikator klinis dalam menilai kedalaman anestesia pada insersi sungkup laring. Kata Kunci: Jaw thrust, kedalaman anestesia, propofol, sungkup laring, trapezius squeezing test Airway management remains as one of the most important aspect in anesthesiology. Laryngeal Mask Airway(LMA) has been widely used as an airway device. Laryngeal mask insertion without muscle relaxant facilitationrequires an adequate anesthesia level. The purpose of this study was to compare trapezius squeezing test andjaw thrust maneuver as an indicator of anesthesia depth for laryngeal mask insertion, with propofol as inductionagent. There were 128 subjects who had been randomized into two groups: Group 1 (jaw thrust group) andGroup 2 (trapezius squeezing test group). All subjects received midazolam 0.05 mg/kg and fentanyl 1 μg/kg aspremedication. Propofol with titrated dose were used for anesthesia induction. Jaw thrust or trapezius squeezingtest maneuver were performed every 15 seconds in each group. When motoric responses were lost after maneuver,LMA was inserted. Succesfull LMA insertion were found in 93,8% patients (Group1) and 90,6% (Group 2) withp >0,05. Mean propofol consumptions were 120.34 mg in Group 1 and 111,86 mg in Group 2. Apnea was found in10 patients (15,6%) in Group 1 and 11 patients (17.2%) in Group 2. Trapezius squeezing test was as good as jawthrust maneuver as an adequate depth of anesthesia indicator for laryngeal mask insertion. Keywords: Departement of anesthesia, jaw thrust, laryngeal mask, propofol, trapezius squeezing test Reference Sood J. Laryngeal mask airway and its variants. Indian J Anaesth 2005;49(4):275–0. Verghese C, Berlet J, Kapila A, Pollard R. Clinical assessment of single use laryngeal mask airway the LMA Unique. Br J Anaesth 2006:80;677–9. Easley EH. The laryngeal mask airway: a review and update. J Clin Anaesth. 2005:16; 114–23. Cook TM. The classic laryngeal mask airway: a tried and tested airway. Br J Anaesth 2006; 96(2):149–52. Cressey DM, Claydon P, Bhaskaran NC, Reilly CS. Effect of midazolam pretreatment on induction dose requirement of propofol in combination with fentanyl in younger and older adult. Anaesth 2011;56:108–13. Towsend R. Jaw thrust as a predictor of insertion conditions for the proseal laryngeal mask airway. Anaesth 2009;20(1):59–62. Krishnappa S. Optimal anaesthetic depth for LMA insertion. Indian J Anaesth 2011;55(5): 504–7. Chang C. Comparison of the trapezius squeezing test and jaw thrust as indicators for laryngeal mask airway insertion in adults. Korean J Anesth 2011;61(3):201–4. Peacock JE, Lewis RP, Reilly CS, Nimmo WS. Effect of different rates of infusion of propofol for induction of anaesthesia in elderly patients. Br J Anaesth 1990;65:346–52. Peacock JE, Spiers SP, Mclauchlan GA, Edmondson WC, Berthoud BM, Reilly CS. Infusion of propofol to identify smallest effective doses for induction of anaesthesia in Yong and elderly patients. Br J Anaesth 1992; Stokes DN, Hutton P. Rate dependent induction phenomena with propofol: Implications for the relative potency of intravenous anesthetics. Anesth Analg 1991; 72:578–83. Scanlon P, Carey M, Power M. Patient response to laryngeal mask insertion after induction of anaesthesia with propofol or thiopentone. Can J Anaesth 1993;40:816–8. Katoh T, Suzuki A, Ikeda K. Electroencephalographic derivate as a tool for predicting the depth of sedation and anesthesia induced by sevoflurance. Anesthesiology 1998;88:642–50. Rudy N. Keefektifan trapezius squeezing test sebagai indicator kedalaman anesthesia saat pemasangan sungkup laring dihubungkan dengan bispectral index. Universitas Indonesia, 2012. Drage MP, Nunez J, Vaughn RS, Asai T. Jaw thrusting as a clinical test to assess the adequate depth of anaesthesia for insertion of the laryngeal mask. Anesth 1996; 51: 11667–70. Chang C. Optimal condition for laringeal mask airway insertion in children can be determinate by the trapezius squeezing test. J Clin Anaesth 2008;20:99–102. Reves GJ, Peter S.A, David AL, et al. Intravenous nonopiod anesthetics. In Miller’s Anesthesia. 7th ed. Philadelpia: Churchill Livingstone, 2010. p. 318–25. Morgan GA, Mikhail MS. Nonvolatile anesthetic agents: Clinical Anesthesiology. 4th ed. New York : McGraw-Hill, 2006. p.179–203 Hillier SC. monitored anesthesia Care. In: Barash’s. Clincal anesthesia. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott William & Wilkins, 2006. p . 2576–607.
Co-Authors Alatas, Anas Amir S Madjid Jefferson Hidayat Jefrey Tuhulele, Norman Rabker Perdana, Aries Putri, Regina Prima